小小竹排画中游导入(13篇)_第1页
小小竹排画中游导入(13篇)_第2页
小小竹排画中游导入(13篇)_第3页
小小竹排画中游导入(13篇)_第4页
小小竹排画中游导入(13篇)_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩83页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

第页共页小小竹排画中游导入(13篇)小小竹排画中游导入篇一1.以读代讲,读中感悟。语文课程标准指出:阅读是学生的个性化行为,不应以老师的分析^p来代替学生的阅读理论。因此,在教学中将采用自由读、小组读、指名读和同伴读等多种方式让学生自读自悟,在读中培养语感,积累词语。2.游戏激趣,稳固识字。针对学生的心理特点,采用游戏形式调动全体学生参与,在玩中认字,稳固识字效果。3.注重评价,鼓励主体。评价是教学有机组成局部,在课上以即时性的口语评价鼓励和赞赏每一个人,让他们在愉悦轻松的气氛中学习。4.开放语文学习空间。树立一种大语文观,把语文从课内延伸到课外。老师活动1.同学们,你们喜欢旅游吗?你都到过哪些地方,快给大家介绍一下。2.这节课老师也想带你们去一个美丽富饶的地方看看,你们愿意吗?演示江南水乡图。3.看到这样的风光你不想对同学说点什么吗?看看谁观察得认真仔细而且说话完好,试一试吧!4.同学们看得很细,说得也很好,我也想把自己观察到的跟大家交流一下:小小竹排顺水飘流,两岸是郁郁葱葱的树木、绿油油的禾苗,鸟儿在尽情欢唱,鱼儿欢喜地跳出了水面,江南的风光多美呀!同学们听得都陶醉了,有首诗歌仅仅用了琅琅上口的几句话就把江南的美景描绘得如诗如画,你们想读读吗?赶快翻开书读读第3课。板书课题。1.你能试着读好吗?先把不认识的字用笔画下来,借助拼音或请教别人读准字音,动脑筋想一想,该用什么方法记住它。2.小组交流识字情况,快把你的方法在小组内交流一下。3.〔大屏幕出示生字〕老师检查识字情况,及时正音并介绍3个偏旁“山、木、”。老师适时出现带有“山”“木”的字,启示学生关注其偏旁与本字的区别。4.你如何在生活中使用这些字呢?5.游戏:拼飞机同学们愿意做游戏吗?小组每位同学都读对词才能拼好飞机,飞机轮廓内有“江南、江水、禾苗。树苗、树本、树叶、竹排、木排、两岸、两天、绿色、绿地”等词。〔屏幕出示没有注音的儿歌〕6.在诗歌中再认生字。这些淘气的生字又跳回了诗歌中,在没有拼音提示的情况下你能把诗歌读准吗?1.认识句号。数一数,这首诗歌有几句话?2.读中感悟。〔1〕自由练读。这首诗每句都描写了江南的美丽,柳对确的喜欢之情读出来吧!〔2〕选句朗读。你最喜欢哪一句,然后把你最拿手的一句读给大家听。你怎么读,才能让人家一听就知道你喜欢这句呢?〔有感情,带表情,加动作〕你认为这个同学读得怎么样?谁来简单地评价评价。老师随着学生的思路,相机进展指导点拨。例:第一句“游”和“流”押韵,读出韵脚。你怎么读才能读出鸟和鱼自由自在得意的样子呢?板贴:竹排、鸟、鱼第二句“密”是什么意思?“绿油油”是什么样?要把绿绿的感觉读出来。“油”要读成“u”。你还会说类似“绿油油”这样的词吗?板贴:树木、禾苗第三句:借助保件演示渔民捕鱼、收割等场面,理解“江南鱼米乡”。板书:小小竹排画中游〔3〕回归整体,熟读成诵。除了熟悉之外,你还有哪些好的背诵方法,不妨介绍给大家。1.质疑问难你有哪些问题提出来,老师和同学想方法帮你解决。老师从江南的地理环境及气候等特点给予提示讲解,并鼓励学生查阅资料。适时语言鼓励学生是爱提问题的好孩子等。2.扎实积累介绍描写江南风光的诗词。江南自古以来就是让人神往的地方。清朝的乾隆皇帝屡次下江南,一些文人墨客也拿起笔赞美江南。你会背哪些描写江南的诗词?描写江南的诗词很多,不妨在课下搜集。3.课外作业江南确实很美,我们的家乡也有自己独特的地域风情,有兴趣的同学搜集东北的图片或资料,记在〔知识小宝库》里。学生活动学生兴致勃勃地回忆并说出旅游的地名或景点名称。生可能概括“这个地方的风光真美”“太美了”或其他独特感受。生观察至“竹好”“鸟”“树”“禾苗”等并把看到的景物用带有个性风格的语言加以试述。生仔细倾听老师的语言描绘。学生迫不及待地读书。学生选择识字方法,用自己喜欢的方式识记。小组长组织学习,每名同学读生字,其它组员仔细听,纠正读音。学生正确读准字音,认识3个偏旁,并相机点拨“岸”“排”的字义和“南”的反义词。可能还会说出许多带有三个偏旁的字。生可组词造句,或说出在什么地方见到过这些字。用开火车的方式读生字并答复相关的问题,同学们齐心协力合作愉快。生试读后再指名读。学生可能会各抒己见,但经过点拨后会正确数出有三句话。学生自由练读,通过有感情地朗读,表达内心的情感。让学生读后点拨,感悟一些重点词,然后再通过指名读、小组读等形式,丰富感受。生把自己当成荡着竹排的孩子,顺水飘游,把自己当成鸟儿和鱼儿,读出欢快的语气。学生说出“红彤彤”“白花花”“亮晶晶”“光闪闪”等同语,相机积累语言。生通过录相片理解江南是“鱼米之乡”,物产丰富,进一步理解课文内容。学生和老师带动作、有感情、有表情地表演背诵。学生可能会提出“江南怎么会有竹排呢?”“江南和东北还有什么不同的地方?”“有江南有江北吗?”等等。学生可能会背《忆江南》《采莲曲》等诗词。设计说明“课的第一锤重音要敲在学生的心坎上”。从学生感兴趣的生活实际引入,抓住学生的兴趣点。“对于我们的眼睛,不是缺少美,而是缺少发现”,指导学生按照整体一局部──整体的顺序观察,教给方法。民主的交流、声情并茂的讲解,配以美丽迷人的画面,给学生美的享受,陶冶了性情,更为读文做情感的铺垫和示范。针对孩子的知识点和根底,激发自主识字的信心,并通过小组协作学习,交流到达知识共享,同时培养学生的合作交往才能。语文素养是靠点点滴滴的语文根底和长期持之以恒的语文理论积淀、整合而成,低段语文教学的根底和才能是语文素养摩天大厦的基石根基,扎实和结实程度至关重要。自主学习和协作学习之后,老师要检查自主学习是否真正落到实处,并相应随机点拨。“学以致用”充分发挥语文植根于现实,应用于生活的重要作用。一个字由生疏到熟悉乃至识记在心,是需要反复稳固练习的,而这种富有童趣的识字游戏有效地防止了识字的枯燥,稳固了生字识记。生字教学在学生逐步开展和层层进步的过程中完成了知识构建。新课程说明:阅读是学生的个性化行为,不应以老师的分析^p来代替学生的阅读理论,应让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中有所感悟和考虑。使学生评价成为学生朗读进步的推动力,同时也在正面、互动的评价中为课堂教学营造民主和谐的气氛。“有一千个读者,就有一干个哈姆雷特”,关注学生内心的情感体验,并唤起学生积极的学习热情。语文教学要重视培养学生的语感,积累词语。运用生动形象直观的感知扩大学生的知识视野,使教材更显其生动有活力。老师随学生读文。相机在黑板上贴画,最后整体感受,再现学生发现美、欣赏美的过程。“学起于思,思于疑。”爱因斯坦也说过:“提出一个问题往往比解决一个问题更重要。”因此要鼓励学生敢想、敢说、敢问。语文学习的理论告诉我们:语文学习的重要途径是靠积累。因此要在一年级就打好积累的根底,使学生语文的知识储藏越来越丰富。由爱江南到爱祖国、爱家乡、情感再次升华。小小竹排画中游导入篇二�𾴵ä¸ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½56��57ò³ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½â±³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ëµï¿½ì²ä¡ï¿½ëµï¿½ì·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ì¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8�󲿷ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½â±³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½õ¿î±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½êµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2���ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3���ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¶ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1������ר��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½é»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��ã¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã¹û¿î±ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½í·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹á´©ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾³ö®ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£è«ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿î±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ó¡¢½ì²äµä±ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����ê¶10�����ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´1���ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3���ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ñµã£ºê¶ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è£¬ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1�����龳���룬�ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ê¦ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã¿ï¿½òªè¡ï¿½ã³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½öµï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä½ì¾ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½îªë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1���龳���룬������è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2���������ä£ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·¨ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³µ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ß¶è¼ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3���ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½20xx��棩�ôµï¿½ò»ñ§ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¶¨î»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½îªï¿½ë½ïºãµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ä¿ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½20xx��棩ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ú¿î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬òªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5������ð¡ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½è¥ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½í»á·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ê«ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ú¿ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ë²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ê¾ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ô½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½òµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµäºï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½äµï¿½êµï¿½öºí½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½æ½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½小小竹排画中游导入篇三尊敬的各位老师:大家好!我说课的内容是人教版一年级语文上册56~57页《小小竹排画中游》。整个说课包括选题背景介绍、说教材、说教法学法、说教具学具准备、说教学程序、说课后作业、说板书设计、说教学评价8大局部。首先谈谈本节课的选题背景:识字教学既是语文教学的重要环节,又是语文学习的核心,其根本任务除了按照课标要求“能借助汉语拼音认读汉字”以外,还要注重引导学生交流识字方法,学会主动探究,使学生在互相启发中逐步进步识字才能。但在实际的教学中常常有这样的问题出现:〔1〕重拼读轻方法:〔2〕重结果轻探究;〔3〕重集体轻个体;基于以上分析^p,我们一年级组的老师决定开展识字教学的专题研究。群组成员在研究中尽力做到:〔1〕依靠专家指导、同伴互助、反思性理论等,寻求理论支撑,理解专题研究的核心,保证研究方向正确。〔2〕每位老师都要积极参与备课议课、练习设计、课堂观察,并写好观课报告,做到研有所获,解决实际问题等。《小小竹排画中游》是一首诗歌,短短三句,描写出了江南水乡的秀丽风光和丰富的物产。课文贯穿着一条明显的情感线索,易激起学生身临其境之感。小竹排顺流而下,“鸟儿唱,鱼儿游”表达了作者欢快的心情。课文对两岸树木、禾苗的描绘,饱含赞美的感情。全诗形象生动,语言优美,节奏感强,适宜学生诵读。根据课标的要求、教材的编写意图及学生的认知程度,本节课我拟定了以下教学目的:1、认识10个生字。会写1个字:王。2、正确、流利地朗读课文;背诵课文。3、理解课文内容,知道江南是祖国美丽富饶的地方,培养学生热爱家乡、热爱祖国的思想感情。教学难点:识字、朗读课文。教学有法、教无定法、贵在得法。本文是一首诗歌,诗句节奏鲜明,利于学生朗读。因此,教学中可以采用“关注兴趣,创设情境”的教学策略来激发学生学习的积极性。1、以情境导入,在反复练读和老师指导的朗读过程中认识生字,通过各种形式引导学生读和背,让他们体会到江南的美丽,激发学生热爱祖国,热爱家乡的思想感情。2、引导学生自主学习、自主探究学习生字的方法,充分发挥老师的主导、学生的主体作用,培养学生的自学生字的才能。一堂课要获得成功,必须做好充分的准备,课前我精心制作了多媒体课件、小竹排的教具,认真设计好了探究学习单等,为顺利完成学习任务做好了铺垫。为了突出重点、打破难点,努力构建以生为本的语文课堂,本节课我主要设计了以下教学程序:1、情境导入,激发兴趣。本环节通过创设游览美丽江南的情境,激发学生的学习兴趣,认识课文中的小竹排,解释学生心中的疑问,并且识记三个生字,学习任务有趣而又实效。2、初读课文,识记生字。在这个环节中,我先组织学生自读三遍课文,在此根底上引导学生同桌互读,让每个学生都有和小伙伴展示读的时机,然后通过集体读,检查学生总体朗读的情况。经过多种形式的朗读,学生根本上做到了正确、流利、然后进入识记生字这个环节。这个是我们这节课学习的重点。主要采取先在课文中圈读生字、拼音带读生字,去掉拼音想方法识记生字、自己练读后同桌互相检查、开火车集体检查读的形式。每个小环节紧紧相扣,学生在课堂上注意力要高度集中地完成每一步的学习任务,确保识记生字的有效性。3、再读课文,感受江南美。义务教育语文课程标准〔20xx年版〕对第一学段的朗读目的定位:学惯用普通话正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。为了较好地实现这一目的,我在这个环节中充分利用孩子形象思维丰富的特征,借助图画理解难点。再现画面使孩子眼前有美景,心中有画面,心中有真情,从而到达有感情地朗读课文这一目的。4、指导写字。义务教育语文课程标准〔20xx年版〕指出:每节课尽量安排写的指导和练习。一年级学生写字指导是重点,要求每个学生都姿势端正,书写标准。所以,本环节的写字指导,除了利用多媒体明晰地展示汉字的书写过程之外,还加强了写字、执笔姿势的指导和引导学生之间进展评价,让学生养成良好的书写习惯。5、课堂小结,拓展延伸。小朋友,这节课,我们一起通过学习课文,看到了祖国江南的美,其实,只要我们做个有心人,学会用一双亮堂的眼睛去观察、就会发现我们伟大的祖国处处有美景。课后你可以搜集有关江南风光的图片和照片张贴在教室里,大家共同欣赏。或者做一次小导游,介绍一处我们家乡的风光。还可以搜集有关描写江南的诗词,我们下节课一起来交流。设计三个层次的作业,可以有效地照顾不同层次的学生,促进学生对课文内容的理解,拓阔学生视野,训练学生才能,进步学生的综合语文素养。好的板书图示设计,可以对讲课的内容起到提纲挈领、画龙点睛的作用。本节课我的板书设计力求简明、概括、浓缩,突出教学重点难点,抓住教学内容的核心,促进教学目的的实现和教学任务的完成。小小竹排画中游小竹排流鸟儿唱鱼儿游树木密禾苗绿最后说说本课所用的学习评价,我主要采用师评、互评相结合的评价方式,注意对学生语言表达才能、逻辑思维才能、合作才能、学习习惯以及学习积极性的评价,以此来发挥评价的鼓励作用。总之,整节课我充分尊重学生的主体地位,充分发挥学习单的作用,引导学生自主学习,自主探究和发现,给学生提供一个交流和展示的平台,成为学习的主人。正确把握了难点,突出了重点,学生学得有趣、扎实!小小竹排画中游导入篇四��������1.�ì²äµäµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹á´©ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é£¬ö¼ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾³ö®ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ±è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£è«ê«í¼ï¿½ä²ï¿½ã¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ì¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2.��ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¼°è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¿ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ëµï¿½î¸å¡¶ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�����ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶12�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ«ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3���ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾­ï¿½é¡¢í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµè·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1�����ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½è£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¼°è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½êºí±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ì²ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã¶¨î»ï¿½ú£ï¿½1����ê¶ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ«ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½2���ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¼¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ß±ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ä¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ë°²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ø¹æ»®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ­ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ò»ïµï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ò»ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��ëµï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1.�ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£2.��ï·ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3.ע�����û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ôµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½4.��������ñ§ï°ï¿½õ¼ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��ëµñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³éµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á½­ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½é£¬ê¹ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ð³í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ñ§ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½1ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½?��������î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î¼ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½(�����ðµäºï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½)��î»ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡±ö®ï¿½ï¿½;��������ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ã¯ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ç»­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��î»ð¡ï¿½î¿í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��������ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½òºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»©»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½3����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½õªæ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´êµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò»ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµô¸ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯è¤ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½öµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1�����ç³ï¿½ï¿½å·é»ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¢ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµø¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½2���������ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!�ú¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ò²í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½3����ê±ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(1)��������������ê«ã¿ï¿½ä¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½!(2)ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡°ë³ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½üµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½è´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£(3)æ·î¶ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á½­ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸è³ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµäºï¿½ï¿½ç¡£ï¿½â¾°é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?������ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ë³ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½;�����������磬ð¡ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡°½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡±ï¿½ï¿½.������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½óªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿ªï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î³ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½?ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ê«ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论