人教版小学英语六年级下册小学英语语法知识

四川省乐山市马边县四川省乐山市马边县20192019429日小学英语语法学问4种时态：1ofte〔常常〕,never〔从不〕,,表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示，第三人称单数后，动词要在词尾加s〔或e，或变y为i再加eIoftengetupat7:00.Heoftengetsupat7:30.2am/is/are加动词ing形式表示，如:Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatishedoing?Heissinging.3tomorrownextweeknextyear等,am/is/are加goingto形式表示，如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtorideahorse.用will加动词原形表示，如：WhatwillyoudonextSunday?Iwillgoshopping.用am/is/are加动词ingWhataredoingtomorrowI’mgoingbowling.4,如:yesterday,lastnight等,表示过去某时发生的动作或状况。动词要用动词的过去式。如：Whowasfirst?Kenwasfirst.Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttoschool.形容词的比较级和最高级：1、单音节词：比较级加er,est.如：tall—taller—thetallest,Heistallerthanhisbrother.Tomisthetallestinhisclass.2more,最高级加themost.如：interesting---------moreinteresting---------themostinteresting,Musicisinterestingsubject.P.E.ismoreinterestingthanmusic..Scienceisthemostinterestingsubject.形容词变为比较级的变化规章〔〕一般状况下，在形容词的词尾直接加er。如:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)e结尾的形容词，在词尾直接加r，如：nice—nicer.late—later(3)以重读闭音节结尾，且er.如：big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词，先变yi,再加er。如：easy—easierheavy—heavierfunny—funnier〔2、局部形容词比较级的不规章变化：goodbetterbetterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morelittle—lessfar—farthering的变化规律：直接加ing，如：open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,…去掉词尾不发音的etake-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…〕重读闭音节的，双写最终的字母，加ing,如：sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,…主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律一样)1〕scook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…辅音字母加yy改为iworry-worries,carry-carries,…以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es.5〕have-has,…家庭、亲属和朋友：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好：与你的关系words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相关句:1)Ishe/sheToscousin? Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheist.Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.留意：1〕名词单复数，如：family-families;名词单数--复数规律:〔1〕1〕直接加s，如：boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i，+esbaby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,ffeffev+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5〕特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6)不变:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,…〔2〕名词全部格，说明是“谁的”如：mycousin’s,hisparents’它的构成规章：“’Mikesmother.+“Teacher’Da.假设是两人共有时，只在后者+“’s”,JimandTom’smother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的，两者都+s”,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词假设是无生命，全部格构成用of,amapofChina.一幅中国地图I一般过去时态定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。“主语+动词的过去式”用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Hewashereyesterday.Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning.Mymotherwasatworkyesterdayafternoon.Didyouhaveagoodtimelastsummer?表示过去常常或反复发生的动作。Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear.WhenIwasastudent,Ioftenlistenedtomusic.常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：一般过去式的用法：一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工厂工作。Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰见了他。IwenttotheTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我们去了天龙山。一般过去式构成：表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的根底上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规章动词和不规章动词。一般过去时的标志词: lastyear;lastnightyesterday(+morning,afternoon,evening)in+过去时间词:in1998…II过去式规章变化动词词尾+“ed”。 walk→walked〔走〕need→needed〔需要〕动词词尾为“e”“-d”。live→lived〔住〕like→liked〔宠爱〕动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时，去“y”加“ied”，假设是词尾为“元音字母+y”，只加“ed”。study→studied〔学习〕play→played〔玩耍〕原形动词词尾为重读闭音节时，先双写该辅音字母再+“ed”stop→stoppedIII过去式规章变化(一)不变1.cut cut 2.let let 3.put put 4read read 5．mustmust〔二〕改成a1.come came 2.become became3.beginbegan4.drink drank5.have had 6.run ran7. sitsat8.ring rang9.sing sang 10.swim swam11.givegave〔三〕改成ght1.think thought2.fightfought 3.bringbrought4.buybought5.catch caught6.teach taught〔三〕改成t1.keep kept2.sleep slept3.sweepswept4.feel felt5.spend spent6.learn learnt 7.meanmeant〔四〕改成ew1.blow blew 2.know knew 3.grow grew 4.draw drew5.throw threw 6.fly flew〔五〕改成o1.getgot 2.forgetforgot 3.write wrote 4.ride rode 5.drivedrove6.sell sold 7.tell told 8.stand stood 9.understandunderstood1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid6.findfound7.meetmet8.seesaw9.cancould10.shallshould11.willwould12.maymightgo went 14.see saw 15.wear wore时态时间标志口诀集锦一般现在时：“总常常有每没〔美眉^^〕复星周”总：alwaysusually等常常：often有：sometimes〔记住，“有”不是have，而是“有时”〕每：everyweek/month/year等没：never复星周：onMondays，onTuesdays等一般过去时：“昨天上个XX〔读作叉叉〕前，in加年份when字连”〔原创〕昨天：yesterday，后面可以加morningafternoon，evening等上个：last，后面可以加weekmonth，year等XX前：ago，前面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsagoin加年份：in2009/2008/1986/1220等，2010前全用一般过去时，2012前就都是过去时了，2012，世界末日？电影看多了。when字连：whenIwasachildwhen一般过去时。“明天下个XX后”明天：tomorrow，后面可以加morning，afternoon，evening下个：next，后面可以加week，month，year等XX后：afterin，后面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsafter2hoursin后加时间段表将来，如intwoyears。现