Unit1课文填空语法点任务单-高中英语人教版选择性

JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”1.Cholerausedtobeoneofthe(feared)diseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,(show)（引导从句）howitcouldbeovere.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.theearly19thcentury,whenoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecame(frustrate)becausenooneknew（引导从句）topreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobeeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriashegavebirth.,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。2.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedays(have)twocontradictorytheoriesto（作成分）explain（引导从句）howcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthat（引导从句）badaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthat（引导从句）cholera(cause)byaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,hestillneededproof.(consequent),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthat（引导从句）intwoparticularstreets（作成分）thecholeraoutbreakwassoseveremorethan500peoplediedintendays.He（determine)tofindoutwhy.关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。3.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces(引导从句)allthosewho（引导从句）diedhadlived.Thereweremultiple(die)nearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)(have)nodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepub7CambridgeStreet.They(give)freebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthat(引导从句)thewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthat(引导从句)thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthat(引导从句)shehadIt(deliver)toherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethat(引导从句)thepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepump(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thedisease(stop)initstracks.斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。4.Thetruthwasthat(引导从句)thewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump(infect)bywaste.Moreover,Snowwas(late)abletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwater(pany)inLondon.SomepaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThames(引导从句)waspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewho(引导从句)drankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosedrankpureor(boil)water.事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。5.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,waterpaniesbegan(clean)waterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,(数百万人）peoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.(fortunate),wenowknowhow(引导从句)topreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedtheway(引导从句）scientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snow(consider)thefatherofmodernepidemiology.经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰・斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。defeat[dɪˈfiːt]:n.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜辨析defeat,beat,win打败defeat/beat+sb(对手)赢得win+sth(a/the+game/match/race/election等)，不加人usedtodo过去常常做某事beusedtodoing习惯于oneofthe+adj最高级.+可数名词复数fearv.害怕；恐惧n.担忧；害怕feared动词过去分词作定语Britainn.英国；不列颠Britishn.英国人；adj.英国的；英国人的doctorn.医生physiciann.内科医生surgeonn.外科医生operationn.手术surgeryn.外科手术overeovercameovereconquerv.克服；占领；征服getover克服；恢复；原谅illadj.有病的；坏的=sickn.问题，困难；病人illnessn.疾病=sickness=diseasecausev.导致；引起=leadto=resultin=contributeton.原因；动机；目标severeadj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的；激烈的severelyadv.严重地;严厉地diev.死亡；消失(dieddead)deathn.死亡；终止deaths死者deadadj.死了的；没精打采的dyingadj.临终的；垂死的inthe+序数词century在...世纪时dozensof几十；许多hundredsof几百；许多thousandsof几千millionsof几百万diefrom=dieof因...死；死于frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的frustratevt.挫败；使沮丧frustrationn.懊恼；沮丧frustratingadj.令人沮丧的befrustratedwith对......感到沮丧preventv.阻止preventionn.preventableadj.可预防的；可阻止的preventfromintime后来；及时ontime准时riseto上升；升迁；risetofame成名risetopower得势；掌权attendthemeeting/activity/school/conference出席；参加attendto照顾；注意givebirthto分娩bringup养育；提出onceandfor彻底地；一劳永逸地；=onceandaway=conclusivelyingeneral总之；通常=generally=inmain=inshort=inconclusioncontradictoryadj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的becontradictoryto与......相矛盾contradictvt.反驳；相抵触；相矛盾contradictionn.矛盾；反驳；不一致incontradictionto与......截然不同contrastn.差异；对比infectv.传染；感染infectionn.传染病；感染（infections）infectiousadj.传染的infectedadj.受感染的subscribeto同意；订阅subscriptionn.订阅；认购；订阅费proofn.证据;证明;检验provevt.证明；结果是；证实consequently=therefore=hence=accordingly=thus=asaresultofinvestigatev.调查；研究investigationn.So+adj.+that太.....以至于bedeterminedtodo下决心做某事findout找出；查明figureout解决；算出；弄清楚multiple['mʌltɪpl]:adj.数量多的;多种多样的multi多的/多元的multiculture多元文化multiplyvt.使增加、繁殖beginby以......开始beginwith以.....开始；开始于tobeginwith首先begintodo开始做某事（还没做）begindoing开始做某事（正在进行）livingadj.活着的lifen.生命；生活livesn.生命（复数）pumpn.水泵；抽水机v.抽出suspect[sə'spekt]:v. 怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象suspicionn.怀疑；猜疑；不好的预感suspiciousadj.可疑的；令人怀疑的suspectsbofdoingsth怀疑某人做某事betoblame负有责任(toblame主动表被动）beblamedfor被责备Itseemsthat......seemtobe/seemtodoseemlike好像（跟名词）beabletodoenablesbtodoasaresultof=onaccountof=becauseof=dueto=byreasonofannouncev.宣布announcementn.handlen.把手；拉手柄vt.操纵interventionn.介入；出面；干涉intervenev.出面；介入interveneinstop...inone’stracks使停止；突然止步linkn.联系；纽带；vt.把...连接起来belinkedto与...有联系alinkbetween....and.......与...之间的联系casen.案例；病例；情况；事实rawadj.生的；原始的rawmaterial原材料rawmeat生肉belikelytodo有可能做=tendto=beinclinedto=squinttowardspure adj. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的；纯净的；完全的；十足的purelyadv.完全地；纯粹地purity