2016年电子科技大学考研专业课试题翻译硕士英语

电子科技大学

2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：211翻译硕士英语

注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

PartIGrammar&Vocabulary(1x30=30Points)

Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrases

markedA.,B.,C.,andD.Pleasechoosethecorrectanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceand

writeyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

1.________impliesanactivechoicetoclingtosomething,notpassivelybeingcarriedalongout

ofinabilitytoimagineanythingelse.

A.TenancyB.TenacityC.TendencyD.Tenure

2.Theeliminationof________wasbelievedtobeaprerequisiteforanysuccessfulintercultural

exchange.

A.generalizationsB.judgmentsC.doubtsD.stereotypes

3.ThePentagonwasplanningtolauncha24-hoursatellitetelevisionchannelbasedinBaghdadto

makeiteasierto________thenewsmedia“filter”thatBushAdministrationofficialsbelieveis

misleadingthepublicbyemphasizingbadnewsabouttheoccupationofIraq.

A.circumnavigateB.circulateC.circumventD.curriculum

4.Thisclasswillprovideyouasaparentwithageappropriatesongsandactivitiestoenjoymusic

athomewithtoddlerthatwilldevelopcoordination,balanceand________relationshipskillsas

wellascommunicationandcooperation.

A.scrutinyB.spaciousC.stereotypeD.spatial

5.Itisa_____tosaythatthewomenwhoteachinIndiamustknowthelanguage,thereligion,

superstitionsandcustomsofthewomentobetaughtinIndia.Itoughttobetheverysamecase

forEngland.

A.truismB.genuineC.tenacityD.similarity

6.Thejust-concludedelectioninPakistanissimplya_____forcontinuingmilitaryrule,

accordingtoSeligHarrison,aleadingUSauthorityonSouthAsia,Afghanistanandtheregion.

A.inflectionB.façadeC.ambiguityD.fabrication

7.Astelevision,andtoanextenttheinternethave_____furtherthroughoursociety,theeffects

areperhapsmoresignificantthanevenwerealize.

A.perpetuatedB.pervasiveC.permanentD.permeated

8.There’sthisnewgirlcomingtomyschool,andIlikeheralot.Iwantto_____ourfriendship

beforeIstartaseriousrelationship.

A.cementB.limeC.clayD.concrete

第1页共11页

9.Therewassomuchpainthere,_______causedbybothsidesovertheyears.Ididn’twantto

hurtthem,northeyme,buttheharmhadbeendoneanditwasirreversible.

A.inappreciablyB.inadvertentlyC.inarticulatelyD.invisibly

10.StrengtheningregionaleconomiccooperationisatoppriorityformanyAsiancountries.

Interdependenceamongthesedifferentcountriesisbecomingstronger-thankstotheadoption

ofamoreopeneconomicmodel.Andnow,Asiancountriesaremakingeffortstopromote

regional________,andinturnrealizecommonprosperity.

A.integrationB.diversityC.competitionD.integral

11.Whenpeoplecan’texplainanewphenomenonusingtheirknowledge,theywillfirstlytryto

understandthenewphenomenausingthelogicreferenceof______.

A.comparisonB.analysisC.counterpartD.analogy

12.Ifyoumessup,it’snotyourparents’fault,sodon’t______aboutyourmistakes,learnfrom

them.

A.wonderB.worriedC.whineD.pester

13.Thesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkandeventually_______itinaprofitable

direction.

A.adaptB.controlC.installD.steer

14.Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow_______,particularlyin

westernEurope.

A.obscureB.obsoleteC.optionalD.overlapping

15.Frombusyhomemakerstoprofessionalpeople,manyAmericansenjoytheconvenienceof

prepackagedmealsthatcanbereadytoservein10minutesorless.Ontheotherhand,many

Americansrecognizethevalueof_______art.

A.cookieB.culinaryC.cuisineD.cook

16.Thechairmanoftheboard______onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthe

firmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.

A.compelledB.posedC.pressedD.tempted

17.Iamnot_______withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhave

nowhereelsetolive.

A.concernedB.compatibleC.considerateD.complied

18.Agoodeducationshouldtrainstudentstothinkforthemselves.However,mostofthemare

trainedinthetechniqueofexaminationunder______.

A.dulyB.dutyC.duressD.obligation

19.Onlythosestudents____thinksthebestcanbeacceptedbythisuniversity.

A.whoB.heC.thatD.what

20.Theticketseach______10dollars.

A.costB.costsC.iscostingD.arecosting

21._______,Iamalittleshy.

A.TotellyouthetruthB.Tellingyouthetruth

C.TobetoldthetruthD.Beingtoldthetruth

22.Wewatchedcarefully________thehouse.

第2页共11页

A.duringshewalkedagainstB.duringshewalkedtowards

C.whileshewalkedagainstD.whileshewalkedtowards

23.Tomoryou_____thejob.

A.isgoingtodoB.aregoingtodo

C.isdoingD.hasdone

24.Itisnotwhatyousaidbutwhatyoudid____matters.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.why

25.Never_____anythingmoreimportantbefore.

A.thereisB.hastherebeenC.therehadD.therehasbeen

26.Hewasshivering_____cold.

A.withB.onC.inD.by

27.____youeatthecorrectfoods_____beabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.

A.Onlyif;willyouB.Onlyif;youwill

C.Unless;willyouD.Unless;youwill

28.Hedidn’thearthenews,_______.

A.sodidn’tIB.sodidIC.neitherdidID.nordidn’tI

29.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_____inhis

lectures.

A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.tointerest

30.Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____allday.

A.rainedB.RainsC.hasrainedD.israining

PartIIReadingComprehension(2x25=50Points)

Inthissectiontherearethreereadingpassagesfollowedbyquestions.Pleasereadthepassagesand

thenwriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

PassageOneHowaFrenchmanisrevivingMcDonald'sinEurope

A.WhenDenisHennequintookoverastheEuropeanbossofMcDonald'sinJanuary2004,

theworld'sbiggestrestaurantchainwasshowingsignsofrecoveryinAmericaand

Australia,butsalesinEuropeweresluggishordeclining.OneexceptionwasFrance,where

MrHennequinhaddoneasterlingjobasheadofthegroup'sFrenchsubsidiarytosellmore

BigMacstohiscompatriots.Histaskwastoreplicatethissuccessinall41oftheEuropean

countrieswhereanti-globalisers'favouriteenemyoperates.

B.SofarMrHennequinisdoingwell.LastyearEuropeansalesincreasedby5.8%andthe

numberofcustomersby3.4%,thebestannualresultsinnearly15years.Europeaccounted

for36%ofthegroup'sprofitsandfor28%ofitssales.Decemberwasanespeciallygood

monthascustomerstooktoseasonalmenuofferingsinFranceandBritain,andtoa

promotioninGermanybasedonthegameofMonopoly.

C.MrHennequin'srecipeforrevivalistobemoreopenabouthiscompany'soperations,tobe

第3页共11页

“locallyrelevant”,andtoimprovetheexperienceofvisitinghis6,400restaurants.

McDonald'sisblamedformakingpeoplefat,exploitingworkers,treatinganimalscruelly,

pollutingtheenvironmentandsimplyforbeingAmerican.MrHennequinsayshewantsto

engageinadialoguewiththepublictoaddresstheseconcerns.

D.Heintroduced“opendoor”visitordaysineachcountrywhichbecamehugelypopular.In

Polandalonesome50,000visitorscametoMcDonald'sthroughthevisitors'programme

lastyear.TheNutritionInformationInitiative,launchedlastyear,putdetailedlabelson

McDonald'spackagingwithdataoncalories,protein,fat,carbohydratesandsaltcontent.

Thedetailsarealsoprintedontray-liners.

E.MrHennequinalsowantspeopletoknowthat“McJobs”,thelow-paidmenialjobsat

McDonald'srestaurants,aremuchbetterthanpeoplethink.Butsomeofhiseffortshave

backfired:lastyearhesparkedacontroversywiththeintroductionofa“McPassport”that

allowsMcDonald'semployeestoworkanywhereintheEuropeanUnion.Politicians

accusedthefirmofaploytomakecheaplabourfromeasternEuropemoreeasilyavailable

toMcDonald'smanagersacrossthecontinent.

F.Tostayintouchwithlocalneedsandpreferences,McDonald'semployslocalbossesas

muchaspossible.ARussianisrunningMcDonald'sinRussia,thoughaSerbisinchargeof

Germany.Thegroupbuysmainlyfromlocalsuppliers.Four-fifthsofitssuppliesinFrance

comefromlocalfarmers,forexample.(SomeoftheFrenchfarmerswhocampaigned

againstthecompanyinthelate1990ssubsequentlydiscoveredthatitwas,infact,buying

theirproduce.)AndithirescelebritiessuchasHeidiKlum,aGermanmodel,aslocalbrand

ambassadors.

G.InhispreviousjobMrHennequinestablisheda“designstudio”inFrancetospruceuphis

company'sdrabrestaurantsandadapttheinteriortolocaltastes.Thestudioisnow

mastermindingimprovementseverywhereinEurope.Healsosetupa“foodstudio”,

wherecooksdevisenewrecipesinresponsetolocaltrends.

H.GivenFrance'sreputationasthemostanti-AmericancountryinEurope,itseemsoddthat

McDonald'srevivalinEuropeisbeingledbyaFrenchman,usingideascookedupinthe

Frenchmarket.ButFranceisinfactthecompany'smostprofitablemarketafterAmerica.

ThemarketwhereMcDonald'sisweakestinEuropeisnotFrance,butBritain.

I.“FixingBritainshouldbehispriority,”saysDavidPalmer,arestaurantanalystatUBS.

Almosttwo-thirdsofthe1,214McDonald'srestaurantsinBritainarecompany-owned,

comparedwith40%inEuropeand15%inAmerica.Thecompanysuffersfromthe

volatilityofsalesatitsownrestaurants,butcanrelyonsteadyincomefromfranchisees.So

itshouldsellasmanyunderperformingoutletsaspossible,saysMrPalmer.

J.M.MarkWiltamuth,ananalystatMorganStanley,estimatesthatEuropean

company-ownedrestaurants'marginswillincreaseslightlyto16.4%in2007.Thisisstill

lessthaninthelate1990sandbelowAmerica's18-19%today.Butitismuchbetterthan

beforeMrHennequin'sreign.HeisalreadybeingtippedasthefirstEuropeancandidatefor

thegroup'stopjobinIllinois.NobodywouldcallthataMcJob.

第4页共11页

Questions1-6DothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinPassageOne?

TRUEifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

1.McDonaldwasshowingthesignofrecoveryinallEuropeancountriesexceptFranceafter

DenisHennequintookofficeasthebossofEuro-markets.

2.Startingfromlastyear,detailedlabelsareputonMcDonald’spackaginganddetailed

informationisalsoprintedontray-liners.

3.Franceissaidtobethemostanti-AmericancountryinEurope,buttheideasoftheopen

“door”visitingdaysand“McPassport”areinventedintheFrenchmarket.

4.BritainpossessestheweakestMcDonaldmarketamongEuropeancountriesand

approximately1214McDonald’srestaurantsarecompany-owned.

5.AccordingtoDavidPalmer,arestaurantanalystatUBS,DavidHennequinshouldtreatthe

problemaboutMcDonaldinBritainasthemostimportantthing.

6.DavidPalmersuggestedthatthemanagementofMcDonalodinItalyshouldsellasmany

itsoutletswhichlosemoneyinbusinessaspossibleforrevival.

Questions7-10ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritethemonyouranswersheet.

7.Theword“sterling”inline3ofParagraphAmeans__________.

A.difficult

B.menial

C.terrible

D.excellent

8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsontheaccusationofMacDonaldisNOTTRUE?

A.Ittendstomakepeoplefat.

B.Itsoperationsareveryvague.

C.Ittendstoexploitworkers.

D.Ittendstotreatanimalscruelly.

9.WhichofthefollowingmeasurestakenbyDenisHennequinproducedundesiredresult?

A.“FoodStudio”scheme.

B.“OpenDoor”visitordays.

C.The“McPassport”scheme.

D.TheNutritionInformationInitiative.

10.WhatdidDenisHennequindosoastorespondtolocaltrends?

A.setupa“FoodStudio”.

B.establisheda“DesignStudio”.

C.hiredcelebritiesaslocalbrandambassadors.

D.employedlocalbossesasmuchaspossible.

第5页共11页

PassageTwoHowprivateuniversitiescouldhelptoimprovepublicones

A.TherearemanyrichGermans.In2003privateassetsareestimatedtohavebeenworth€5

trillion($5.6trillion),halfofwhichbelongstotherichesttenthofthepopulation.Butwith

moneycomesstinginess,especiallywhenitcomestogivingtohighereducation.America

devotestwiceasmuchofitsincometouniversitiesandcollegesasGermany(2.6%ofGDP,

against1.1%)mainlybecauseofhigherprivatespending—andbiggerdonations.

B.Nextyear'sfiguresshouldbelessembarrassing.InNovemberKlausJacobs,a

German-bornbillionairelivingabroad,announcedthathewoulddonate€200mtothe

InternationalUniversityBremen(IUB)—thebiggestsuchgiftever.ItsavedtheIUB,

Germany'sonlyfullyfledgedprivateandinternationaluniversity(with30programmesand

1,000studentsfrom86countries)frombankruptcy.Itmayalsosoftenthecountry'sstill

rigidapproachtohighereducation.

C.Germanhighereducationhaslongbeenalmostentirelyastate-runaffair,notleastbecause

universitiesweremeanttoproducetopcivilservants.After1945theGermanstateswere

putincharge,decidingonsuchdetailsasexaminationandadmissionrules.Reformsinthe

1970smadethingsworsebystrengthening,inthenameofdemocracy,alayerof

bureaucracyintheformofcommitteesofself-governance.

D.Tuitionfeeswerescrappedinthenameofaccessforall.Butever-risingstudentnumbers

thenmetever-shrinkingbudgets,sothereformsbackfired.Todaythenumberofcollege

drop-outsisamongthehighestintherichworld,makingtertiaryeducationaneliteactivity:

only22%ofyoungGermansobtainadegree,comparedwith31%inBritainand39%in

America.Germanuniversitiescomelowinworldrankings,sogoodstudentsoftengo

abroad.

E.Inthe1980sitwashopedthatprivateuniversitiesmightmakeadifference.

Witten-HerdeckeUniversity,foundedin1980,wasthefirst.TeachingatIUB,whichwill

changeitsnametoJacobsUniversitysoon,beganin2001.Today,thereare69

(non-faith-based)privateinstitutionsofhigherlearning,upfrom24adecadeago.Thereis

growingcompetition,particularlyamongbusinessschools.

F.Atthesametimethestateshavebeenintroducingprivateenterpriseintohighereducation.

In2003LowerSaxonyturnedfiveuniversitiesintofoundations,withmoreautonomy.

Othershavewonmorecontrolovertheirownbudgets.Somestateshavealsostartedto

chargetuitionfees.AndinOctoberajuryannouncedthewinnersofthefirstroundofthe

“excellenceinitiative”—anationalcompetitionamonguniversitiesforextracash.

G.Yetallthishasledtoonlysmallimprovements.Privateuniversitieseducateonly3%of

Germany's2m-oddstudents,whichmaybewhytheyfindithardtoraisemoney.Italso

explainswhymanyfocusonlucrativesubjects,suchastheBuceriusLawSchoolin

Hamburg.Othershavecometodependonpublicmoney.Onlyrecentlyhaverich

individuals'foundationsmadebiginvestments,asatIUBorattheHertieSchoolof

GovernanceinBerlin.

H.Publicuniversities,meanwhile,stillhavenotbeengrantedmuchautonomy.Thereisless

directcontrol,butfarmore“administeredcompetition”:anewbureaucracytocheckthe

第6页共11页

achievementofcertaingoals.Thismightallbeavoidedthroughpricecompetition,but

tuitionfees,now€1,000ayearonaverage,arefixedcentrallybyeachstate.The

excellenceinitiativeisameredropinthebucket.

I.ThatiswhyMr.Jacobs'sdonationmatters.Forthefirsttime,Germanywillhaveaprivate

universityworththenameandwithasolidfinancialfooting(ifitkeepsupitsacademic

performance,thatis:Mr.Jacobshaspromisedtodonate€15mannuallyoverthenextfive

yearsandanother€125min2011toboosttheendowment,butonlyifthingsgowell).Ifit

works,otherrichGermansmaybetemptedintoinvestinginhighereducationtoo.

J.Evenso,privateuniversitieswillplayasmallpartinGermanhighereducationforthe

foreseeablefuture.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpublicuniversitiesshouldbeprivatized.But

theyneedmoreautonomyandanincentivetocompetewithoneanother—whetherfor

students,staffordonors.Withluck,Mr.Jacobs'sgiftwillnotonlyinduceotherGerman

billionairestofollowsuit,butalsohelptopersuadethestatestosettheiruniversitiesfree.

Questions11-16DothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinPassageTwo?

TRUEifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

11.Mr.Jacob’sdonationtotheIUBismorelikelytoresultinafirmerapproachtothe

managementofGermanhighereducation.

12.Germanhighereducationisamainlystate-runaffairprimarilybecauseuniversitieswere

intendedtotraintopcivilservants.

13.ThereformsinthesectorofGermantertiaryeducationinthe1970sproducedtheopposite

resulttotheonewhichitintended.

14.TheBuceriusLawSchoolinHamburgoffersprofitablebusinessopportunitiesforits

studentstomakemoneyfortuitionfees.

15.Mr.Jacobwouldliketodonate€125millionannuallyoverthenextfiveyearstoIUBon

theconditionthatthingsgowell.

16.PrivateuniversitieswillcontinuetoplayasmallroleinGermanhighereducationforquite

alongperiodoftimeinthefuture.

Questions17-18ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritethemonanswersheet.

17.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesaboutGermanhighereducationisNOTtrue：

A.Thenumberofstudentsdropoutinthetertiaryeducationisoneofthehighestamongthe

richcountriesintheworld.

B.Theuniversitieshaveahigherpositioninthescaleoftheworldconcerningthenumberof

studentsobtainingadegree.

C.Thepublicuniversitiesexercisefairlylessautonomyandtheyalsoexperiencemore

“administrateredcompetition”。

第7页共11页

D.Thecompetitionamongtheprivateuniversitiesisbecomingincreasinglytoughanditis

especiallytrueofbusinessschools.

18.Theword“scrapped”inthefirstlineofthefourthparagraphmeans___________.

A.raised

B.lowered

C.charged.

D.cancelled

PassageThreeThenatureofgenius

A.Therehasalwaysbeenaninterestingeniusesandprodigies.Theword'genius',fromthe

Latingens(=family)andtheterm'genius',meaning'begetter',comesfromtheearly

Romancultofadivinityastheheadofthefamily.Initsearliestform,geniuswas

concernedwiththeabilityoftheheadofthefamily,thepaterfamilias,toperpetuatehimself.

Gradually,geniuscametorepresentaperson'scharacteristicsandhenceanindividual's

highestattributesderivedfromhis'genius'orguidingspirit.Today,peoplestilllooktostars

orgenes,astrologyorgenetics,inthehopeoffindingthesourceofexceptionalabilitiesor

personalcharacteristics.

B.Theconceptofgeniusandofgiftshasbecomepartofourfolkculture,andattitudesare

ambivalenttowardsthem.Weenvythegiftedandmistrustthem.Inthemythologyof

giftedness,itispopularlybelievedthatifpeoplearetalentedinonearea,theymustbe

defectiveinanother,thatintellectualsareimpractical,thatprodigiesburntoobrightlytoo

soonandburnout,thatgiftedpeopleareeccentric,thattheyarephysicalweaklings,that

there'sathinlinebetweengeniusandmadness,thatgeniusrunsinfamilies,thatthegifted

aresoclevertheydon'tneedspecialhelp,thatgiftednessisthesameashavingahighIQ,

thatsomeracesaremoreintelligentormusicalormathematicalthanothers,thatgenius

goesunrecognisedandunrewarded,thatadversitymakesmenwiseorthatpeoplewithgifts

havearesponsibilitytousethem.Languagehasbeenenrichedwithsuchtermsas

'highbrow','egghead','blue-stocking','wiseacre','know-all','boffin'and,formany,

'intellectual'isatermofdenigration.

C.Thenineteenthcenturysawconsiderableinterestinthenatureofgenius,andproducednot

afewstudiesoffamousprodigies.Perhapsforustoday,twoofthemostsignificantaspects

ofmostofthesestudiesofgeniusarethefrequencywithwhichearlyencouragementand

teachingbyparentsandtutorshadbeneficialeffectsontheintellectual,artisticormusical

developmentofthechildrenbutcausedgreatdifficultiesofadjustmentlaterintheirlives,

第8页共11页

andthefrequencywithwhichabilitieswentunrecognisedbyteachersandschools.

However,thedifficultywiththeevidenceproducedbythesestudies,fascinatingastheyare

incollectingtogetheranecdotesandapparentsimilaritiesandexceptions,isthattheyare

notwhatwewouldtodaycallnorm-referenced.Inotherwords,when,forinstance,

informationiscollatedaboutearlyillnesses,methodsofupbringing,schooling,etc.,we

mustalsotakeintoaccountinformationfromotherhistoricalsourcesabouthowcommon

orexceptionalthesewereatthetime.Forinstance,infantmortalitywashighandlife

expectancymuchshorterthantoday,hometutoringwascommoninthefamiliesofthe

nobilityandwealthy,bullyingandcorporalpunishmentwerecommonatthebest

independentschoolsand,forthemostpart,thecasesstudiedweremembersofthe

privilegedclasses.Itwasonlywiththegrowthofpaediatricsandpsychologyinthe

twentiethcenturythatstudiescouldbecarriedoutonamoreobjective,ifstillnotalways

veryscientific,basis.

D.Geniuses,howevertheyaredefined,arebutthepeakswhichstandoutthroughthemistof

historyandarevisibletotheparticularobserverfromhisorherparticularvantagepoint.

Changetheobserversandthevantagepoints,clearawaysomeofthemist,andadifferent

lotofpeaksappear.Geniusisatermweapplytothosewhomwerecognisefortheir

outstandingachievementsandwhostandneartheendofthecontinuumofhumanabilities

whichreachesbackthroughthemundaneandmediocretotheincapable.Thereisstillmuch

truthinDrSamuelJohnson'sobservation,'Thetruegeniusisamindoflargegeneral

powers,accidentallydeterminedtosomeparticulardirection'.Wemaydisagreewiththe

'general',forwedoubtifallmusiciansofgeniuscouldhavebecomescientistsofgeniusor

viceversa,butthereisnodoubtingtheaccidentaldeterminationwhichnurturedor

triggeredtheirgiftsintothosechannelsintowhichtheyhavepouredtheirpowersso

successfully.Alongthecontinuumofabilitiesarehundredsofthousandsofgiftedmenand

women,boysandgirls.

E.Whatweappreciate,enjoyormarvelatintheworksofgeniusortheachievementsof

prodigiesarethemanifestationsofskillsorabilitieswhicharesimilarto,butsomuch

superiorto,ourown.Butthattheirmindsare,notdifferentfromourownisdemonstrated

bythefactthatthehard-wondiscoveriesofscientistslikeKeplerorEinsteinbecomethe

commonplaceknowledgeofschoolchildrenandtheonceoutrageousshapesandcoloursof

anartistlikePaulKleesosoonappearonthe