跨文化商务沟通WK9-Intercultural-Communication课件

跨文化商务沟通WK9InterculturalCommunicationContentsCommunicationStrategies

-Non-verbalCommunication(Continue)InterculturalCommunicationDefinition&FeaturesCulturalBarriersCompetenceCommunicationStrategiesDefinition -TwoApproaches (Psycholinguistic&Sociological/Interactional)Approaches

*P-Thepotentiallyconsciousplansforsolvingwhattoanindividualpresentsitselfasaprobleminreachingaparticularcommunicationgoal *S-AmutualattemptoftwointerlocutorstoagreeonameaninginsituationswhererequisitemeaningstructuresdonotseemtobesharedFaceTheoriesBrown&Levinson

-3BasicNotions (Face/FaceThreateningActs/PolitenessStrategies) -2CategoriesofFACE *Positive-thedesireofeverypersonthathisideasshouldbelikedandadmiredbyothers *Negative-thedesireofeverycompetentadultpersonthathisactionsshouldnotbeimpededbyothersFaceTheoriesScollon&Scollon

-3PolitenessSystems (Deference/Solidarity/HierarchicalPolitenessSystem)

-2Strategies

*Involvement-

thecommunicatorsareoncommonground,andattendtoinvolvinganindividualasanormal,contributingorsupportingmemberofsociety

*Independence-

individualityofthecommunicators,andcanberealizedbyusingformalnamesandtitles,makingminimalassumptionsPolitenessPrincipleDefinition

Politenessisrealizedlinguisticallybymeansofvariousstrategiesacrosscultures.Faceisinvested,somethingthatcanbelost,andmustbeconstantlyattendedtoininteractionFunction MaintainthesocialequilibriumandthefriendlyrelationswhichenableustoassumethatourinterlocutorsarebeingcooperativeinthefirstplaceCooperativePrincipleCooperativePrinciple

Makethecontributionsuchasisrequired,atthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeordirectionoftheconversationalexchangeinwhichpeopleareengaged4Maxims(Quality/Quality/Relation/Manner)InterculturalCommunicationEdwardT.Hall(1959)InterculturalCommunication(ICC) Communicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures

Includes: -InterracialCommunication -InterethnicCommunication -InternationalCommunication -InterculturalCommunication -Contra-culturalCommunicationInterculturalCommunicationModelInterculturalCommunicationEncoding(inCodeSystemA)ResponseDecoding(inCodeSystemA)Decoding(inCodeSystemB)ResponseEncoding(inCodeSystemB)ChannelChannelSendingSenderfromCultureAReceiverfromCultureBFeedbackMessageMessageFeatures

-Itisauniversalphenomenon. -Ithasbeengoingonforyears. -Itisacommondailyoccurrence.

Elements Physical/Cultural/Perceptual.Motivational/Experiential/Emotional/Linguistic/Nonverbal/CompetitionInterculturalCommunicationCulturalBarriers

-Assumptionofmoreculturalsimilarities -Languagedifferences -Misinterpretofnonverbalcommunication -‘Stereotypes’&Preconceptionsabout“FOREIGNERS” -Evaluatewhat“foreigners”doandsaybeforereallyunderstandingthem

-AnxietyorstressfeelingofinteractingwithforeignersleadstoinaccurateconclusionsInterculturalCommunicationInterculturalCommunicationCulturalBarriers

-Language -ColorTerms -AnimalTerms -PlantTerms -Numbers -ReligionCulturalBarriers

-ThoughtPatterns -Stereotypes -Prejudice -Discrimination -Ethnocentrism -CultureShock -TabooTopicsCulturalShockItmeansafeelingofconfusionoranxietyarisenaftermovingtoorencounteringpeoplefromanotherculture.KalveroOberg(1954) (4Stages)

BasedonOberg’s,5stagesdefined:CulturalShock1.ExcitingandNew2.Frustrated

3.RelaxandLaugh5.Adjusted4.RejectionandRegressionThoughtPatterns

HolisticThinking(High-context)

-Thinkingfromtheperspectiveofthewhole,withalltherelevantpartstakenintoaccount

AnalyticThinking(Low-context) -Thinkingbydividingthewholeintoconstituentsorpartstoanalyzethefeaturesorrelationsbetweentheparts

ICCcomprisestheknowledgeofwhentospeak,whennottospeak,aboutwhat,withwhom,whereandinwhatmannertotalk,andtheabilityto“accomplisharepertoireofspeechacts,totakepartinspeechevents,andtoevaluatetheiraccomplishmentbyother”(Hymes,1972:277).InterculturalCommunicationCompetence

Components -MichaelCanaleandMerrillSwain -4indispensablecomponents

*Linguistic *Sociolinguistic *Discourse *StrategicCompetence