名词性从句和定从 公开课教学设计

语法总复习1名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。词性成分从句名称N主语、宾语、表语、同位语主从、宾从、表从、同位从V谓语adj定语、表语定语从句adv状语状语从句主语从句1Whathesaidisinteresting.(疑问词和whether引导的一类)三个主要句式：2Itissadthatheisleavingus.（it形式主语）3=Thatheisleavingusissad.（That引导主语从句）宾语从句（放在V和Prep.后）1Hesaidthathehadfinishedthework.（陈述事实）2Heaskedwhethershecouldfinishthework.(疑问)主要句式3Hesuggeststhatshe(should)finishtheworktoday.建议命令请求+shoulddo4Iaminterestedinwhatheisdoing.(做介词的宾语)5Ifinditamazingthathehaswonthegame.(it当形式宾语)三.表语从句表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于抽象名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.详解一主语从句1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真可惜。（）b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（）d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎的窗户。（）2.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)It＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…注意：3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.错误表达：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.（3）Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.错误表达：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.（4）Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.错误表达：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?错误表达：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则无实意只是起到引导作用。例如：a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二宾语从句1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么。b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如：正确表达：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.错误表达：Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.6.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三同位语从句3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）英语名词性从句专项练习1．____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thisis___theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14._____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereKeys:1—5ABABC6—10AABAC11—15BBCAB16—20BCBAA语法总复习2定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，或整个句子。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略关系副词有：when,where,why,how定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。定语从句=限制性定语从句+非限制性定语从句（有，只有which）解题步骤：1找（先行词+定语从句）2还原（把先行词还原回定语从句中判断其成分）1、关系代词引导的定语从句(先行词还原回去在从句中当主语或者宾语的成分）1)who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Ishetheman______wantstoseeyou?（__________在从句中作______）Heistheman_________Isawyesterday.（___________在从句中作____）2)whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：Pleasepassmethebook_________coverisgreen.3)which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（句中作宾语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(句中作宾语)2、关系副词引导的定从（先行词还原回去在从句中当时间、地点、原因等状语的成分）关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why,how的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用（非限制性定语从句除外）Thereareoccasions_______onemustyield.Beijingistheplace_____________)Iwasborn.Isthisthereason________________herefusedouroffer?I'msurprisedtheway_________heworksouttheproblem.详解区分关系代词that和which都可以指物，that和Who都可以指人，其用法区别：1指物时，只用which的情况：a)有逗号（即：在引导非限定性定语从句时）Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b)有介词Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.只用that的情况序数词1the+最高级Only/same/last,/very2先行词有人有物3先行词是something/anything等不定代词4先行词是all/any/much/many5关系代词在从句中做表语ThefirstEnglishbook_______Ireadwas"ThePrinceandthePauper"byMarkTwin.Heistheveryman_______helpedthegirloutofthewater.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______thevisited.All______isneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything______hehadstolentothepolice.Heisnottheman_________heusedtobe.2指人时，只用who的情况①关系代词在从句中做主语Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.②先行词为those,people时Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.③先行词为all,anyone,ones,one指人时Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.④在Therebe句型中Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。Thestudentwhowaspraisedisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。Isthisthebookwhich(that)shewaslookingfor?3、名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词引导定语从句Shehaswrittenabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestofwhichisAsia.4、as,which引导非限定性定语从句的差别（1）由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。Asisknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect,think,suppose等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.(4)As的用法thesame…as;such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.区别thesame…that1HeaccidentallypickedthesamepenasIlostyesterday.2HeaccidentallypickedthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.定语从句语法专项练习习题精选用适当的关系词填空：1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake