第一讲听音辨义

Chapter

1Pronunciation

and

Word

PowerI.

Vowels¡

glint,

glisten,

glitter,

gleam,

glareglow,

gloom¡

glint,

glisten,

glitter¡

gleam¡

glare,

glow¡

gloomi.短元音[i]¡A．表示“瘦小”，并由此引申为“脆弱、碎片、苗条、缩小”，等等：¡brittle

adj.crisp,fragile易碎的，脆弱的·Steel

without

any

carbon

in

it

at

all

would

be

tobrittle

to

use.¡drizzlen.&

v.to

rain

slightly蒙蒙细雨，雨·The

drizzle

of

the

afternoon

became

adownpour

in

the

early

evening.¡dwindle

v.reduce,shorten,lessen缩小·Sanctuaries

for

wildlife

have

dwindledalarmingly

in

the

last

decade.¡miniature

n.

&

adj.

very

small,

tiny微缩模型，缩影微型的¡

miniaturize

v.使小型化The

child

was

playing

on

the

floor

with

his

collectionminiature

farm

animals.¡minimize

v.

to

make

something

be

the

smallest最小化¡

minimization

n.最小限度，最低额The

polar

explorers

took

every

precaution

to

minimizethe

dangers

of

their

trip.¡minimum

n.

&

adj. the

smallest

amount最小值，最小的¡

minimal

adj.最小的The

temperature

reached

a

minimum

at

midnight.¡mizzle

n.

&

v.

to

rain

slightly蒙蒙细雨，小雨It

often

mizzles

in

spring.¡ripple

n.

&v.

tiny

wave涟漪，起波纹Throw

a

stone

into

still

water

and

watch

the

ripplesspread

in

rings.¡shimmer

n.

brief

twilight微光In

the

telescope

I

glimpsed

the

shimmer

of

a

far-distastar.¡shrink

v.

contract,shorten收缩，缩短¡

shrinkage

n.收缩，缩短Business

in

the

shop

has

shrunk

to

nothing

in

the

pastfew

years.¡skiff

n.

little

boat小船Each

morning

he

rowed

his

skiff

out

into

the

GulfStream

where

the

big

fish

was.¡slim

adj.

little,

thin苗条He

was

very

slim,

being

6

feet

tall

and

weighing

only130

pounds.¡splinter

n.&v.

sharpened

fragment尖片，碎片More

than

one

was

injured

by

the

splinters

of

stone.¡twig

n.

small

branch,

newly

coming-out

branch小枝，嫩枝His

old

hat

was

concealed

under

the

twigs

of

somesaplings.·kid

n.·chicken

n.·kitten

n.·bit

n.·chip

v.

(chop

v.)·¤¡B.表示“快速”，以及“快速的动作”：¡glimpse

n.&

v.have

a

quick

look

at瞥见，快速一瞥·The

glimpse

of

his

face,whichwas

all

that

Icould

get

in

so

brief

a

time,

confirmed

my

fears.¡glisten

v.flash,spark闪光·Theyoung

man’s

eyes

glistened

withamazement

as

he

heard

the

story

of

hisfriend’s

accident

in

the

boat.¡nimble

adj.swift,quick敏捷的；灵活的·They

were

so

nimble

that

it

was

almostimpossible

to

hit

them.¡skip

n.

&

v.

to

read

very

quickly

and

omit

someunimportant

descriptions跳读，跳跃In

reading

a

novel,

I

generally

skip

over

all

the

longdescriptive

passage.¡sprintn.

&

v.

to

run

to

the

end

at

top

speed以全速跑完全程，疾弛¡

sprinter

n.

跑选手He

is

the

best

sprinter

at

our

university

who

has

brokthe

school’s

record

three

times.¡swift

adj.

quick快速¡

swiftness

n.快速The

hawk

was

swift

in

action

when

it

saw

its

prey.¡wink

n.

&v.

blink眨眼，闪烁When

the

truck

driver

felt

sleepy,

he

stopped

by

the

siof

the

road

to

catch

forty

winks.¤¡C.表示“细心挑剔，批评，严厉”：¡rigid

adj.

strict,

stiff,

steel-like严格的，刚硬¡

rigidity

n.严格，坚硬，僵化She

brought

everything

she

did

into

conformity

withrigid

standards.¡rigor

n.

strict，stern严厉，严酷¡

rigorous

adj.严格的，严厉的，严酷的Many

settlers

could

not

stand

the

rigors

of

the

NewEngland

winters.¡stringent

adj.

strict严格的，迫切的¡

stringency

n.严格，紧迫Stringent

laws

are

needed

to

protect

the

consumers.¤¡D.表示“小气，吝啬”：¡mingy

adj.

unwilling

to

use

money吝啬的，卑鄙的My

grandmother

never

gives

me

anything

but

a

mingyten

shillings

at

Christmas.¡skimpy

adj.

close-handed,

insufficient吝啬的，不足的¡

skimp

v.节约使用They

were

forced

to

skimp

on

necessities

in

order

tomake

their

limited

supplies

last

the

winter.¡sting

v.

&

n.

thrust,

stab刺，刺痛¡

stingy

adj.小气的，吝啬的We

get

very

stingy

portions

of

food

for

school

dinners¡stint

v.save,economize紧缩节省·Money

was

short

in

those

days

and

the

familywere

stinted

of

all

the

things

that

made

lifeeasy

and

pleasant.¡thrift

n.saving,keeping

from

spending节节约¡

thrifty

adj.节约的·From

her

father,

Thatcher

learned

the

virtues

ofhard

work,

thrift,

and

independence.·◆ii.短元音和单元音¡短元音和单元音发音短促，节奏快，常在单词中体现“快速，锐利，有朝气”之意，如”¡slashv.

&

n.:

to

cut

suddenly

and

violently猛砍，严厉批评He

slashed

the

bark

off

the

tree

with

his

sword.¡snap

v.

&

n.:

to

bite

or

gnaw

suddenly

and

violently猛咬The

puppy

snapped

the

cookie

out

of

the

child’s

hand.¡snatch

v.

&

n.:

to

rob

suddenly

and

violently快速抢夺The

thief

snatched

the

handbag

and

ran

away.¡snip

v.:to

cut

suddenly

and

violently快速剪断With

a

snip

of

her

scissors

she

cut

a

hole

in

the

cloth.◆iii.长元音和双元音¡A．表示“衰弱”：¡decline

v.fall,break

up衰落，下降·During

the

crisis

years

the

production

of

coaldeclined

41.7

percent.¡feeble

adj.weak虚弱的，衰弱的·The

old

woman

is

too

feeble

to

do

her

ownshopping.¡frail

adj.weak,feeble虚弱的，脆弱的·There’s

only

a

frail

chance

that

he’ll

passhis

examination.¡shaky

adj.too

feeble

to

stand

steadily虚弱的，颤抖的，摇晃的·People

who

are

old

or

nervous

often

haveshaky

hands.¡wane

v.&

n.dwindle,decline衰落，衰退，月亏¡

The

moon

wanes

after

it

has

become

full.¡

¤¡B．表示“缓慢”：¡tardy

adj.slow,torpid拖拉的，迟缓的¡

tardiness

n.缓慢·You’ll

be

tardy

for

class

if

you

don’t

hurry.¡torpid

adj.paralytic,slow麻痹的，迟缓的迟钝的，蛰伏的¡

torpidity

n.麻痹·The

torpid

bear

had

just

come

out

of

his

caveafter

his

long

hibernation.·¤¡C.表示“和蔼”¡amiable

adj.

lovable,

kind亲切的，和蔼可亲的¡

amiability

n.和蔼，亲切His

amiable

disposition

pleased

all

who

had

dealingswith

him.¡cordial

adj.

warm

and

sincere热忱的，热心的¡

cordiality

n.诚实，诚恳The

hostess

gave

each

guest

a

cordial

greeting.¡genial

adj.

kind

and

friendly亲切的¡

geniality

n.亲切This

restaurant

is

famous

and

popular

because

of

thegeniality

of

the

proprietor

who

tries

to

make

everyonhappy.¡gracious

adj.

kind

and

friendly亲切的,高尚的She

welcomed

her

guests

in

a

gracious

manner.¤¡D．表示“谨慎”：¡cautious

adj.

careful

to

avoid

danger谨慎的，小心的My

mother

is

a

cautious

motorist;

she

never

does

anydangerous

driving.¡discreet

adj.

cautious,

careful谨慎的，小心的They

separated

at

her

doorstep

with

a

discreethandshake.¡heedful

adj.

mindful,

careful深切注意的，留心的¡

heed

n.注意Let

us

take

heed

and

be

on

our

guard

against

deception.¡wary

adj.

cautious,

careful,

prudent谨慎的¡

wariness

n.谨慎He

was

wary

and

reserved

in

his

reaction.◆iv.口形¡breeze和typhoon¡breeze

v.

&

n.

gentle

wind微风，和风The

breeze

came

in

through

the

window

and

it

wascooler

with

evening.¡typhoon

n.

a

kind

of

strong

wind台风¡

hurricane

n.飓风，狂风¡

gale

n.大风¡

squall

n.暴风，暴风雪This

period

corresponds

to

the

typhoon

season

inJapan.The

hurricane

blew

with

such

force

that

trees

wereuprooted.Hundreds

of

trees

were

blown

down

in

the

gale.¤civilian

和magnate¡civilian

n.ordinary

people平民·The

gas

has

been

used

for

civilian

riot

controlas

well

as

military.¡magnate

n.very

important

people巨头，富商，要人·That

did

not

make

him

the

top-paid

automagnate

by

any

means.·¤dwindle和amplify¡dwindle

v.reduce,lessen缩小·In

the

light

of

love,

everything

else

dwindledand

fell

away

from

her.¡amplify

v.enlarge，expand,magnify扩大·We

must

amplify

our

effort

by

working

a

lotharder.·¤feeble和robust¡feeble

adj.weak虚弱的，衰弱的·Instinct

told

him

that

to

be

feeble

before

her

wnot

helping

him.¡robust

adj.strong强壮的·Such

intense

exercises

could

only

be

enduredby

a

robust

person.·¤feminine

和masculine¡feminine

adj.:of,as

a

woman阴性的,女性的·With

your

kerchief

and

your

clothes

you

lookvery

feminine.¡masculine

adj.:of,as

a

man男性的,男子气概的·She

presented

a

combination

of

feminine

lookswith

a

masculine

mind.·¤meagre

和stout¡meagre

adj.thin,lacking

in

flesh瘦的，贫的·In

his

plain

old

suit

of

black,

he

looked

pale

anmeagre.¡stout

adj.strong,thick顽强的，勇敢坚定的·The

sea

was

surprisingly

rough,

and

the

stoutlittle

boat

lifted

high

on

the

waves.·¤peep和glare¡peep

v.&n.to

look

at

something

in

a

stealing

way偷看，窥视¡

keek

v.偷看，侦察¡

peek

v.偷看，匆忙看过¡

peer

v.窥视，凝视He

took

a

peep

at

the

back

of

the

book

to

find

out

the

answers

tothe

questions.¡glare

v.&n.to

look

at

something

with

an

open

eye怒目而视stare

v.盯着看，凝视gawk

v呆呆地看着gaze

v盯着看，凝视The

two

men

stood

glaring

drunkenly

at

each

other,

while

thecrowd

looked

on

with

amusement.¤sneak和stride¡sneak

v.&

n.to

act

like

a

thief,walk

in

a

stealingway偷偷地走，鬼鬼祟祟地做事¡

steal

v.¡

creep

v.He

sneaked

a

glance

at

the

grateful

woman.¡stride

v.&

n.to

walk

vigorously大步流星地走¡

pace

v.¡

walk

v.¡

stroll

v.The

tall

man

strides

rapidly

down

the

street.¤squeak和roar¡squeak

v.&n.to

cry

with

sharp

voice尖叫¡

screech

v.&

n.尖声叫喊，急刹车声¡

shriek

v.&n.尖声叫喊¡

scream

v.&n.尖声叫喊Can

you

hear

the

mice

squeaking?¡roar

v.&n.to

shout

loudly

like

lions

or

tigers咆哮¡

gnarl

v.&

n.咆哮¡

growl

v.&n.咆哮，发牢骚地说¡

snarl

v.&n.咆哮，吼叫，怒骂¡

bluster

v.&n.咆哮，怒吼His

amusing

performance

caused

a

roar

of

laughter

in

the

audience.¤stingy和bounteous¡stingy

adj.吝啬的，小气的¡

stintv.紧缩，节约·It

is

hard

to

support

a

family

on

that

stingysalary.¡bounteous

adj.慷慨的，大方的extravagant

adj.奢侈的，浪费的·She

distributed

gifts

in

a

bounteous

andgracious

manner.·

¤timid和audacious¡timid

adj.:fearful胆小的¡

timidity

n.胆小The

little

boy

was

timid

about

going

to

school

for

thefirst

time.¡audacious

adj.fearless,brave大胆的，勇敢的¡

bold

adj.大胆的¡

dauntless

adj.大胆的，不屈不挠的¡

valorous

adj.勇敢的，无畏的We

admire

the

audacious

feats

of

the

trapeze

artist.¤trickle

和gush¡trickle

v.滴流·Blood

trickled

from

the

wound.¡gush

v.涌出·He

kicked

open

the

cabin

door

and

the

watergushed

out.·¤whisper和vaunt¡whisper

v.&

n.低声耳语·I

did

not

dare

to

speak

aloud

or

even

whisper

toAlison

what

was

in

my

mind.¡vaunt

v.&

n.吹嘘自夸¡

exaggerate

v.夸大，夸张¡

boast

v.&

n.吹嘘自夸¡

braggadocio

v.&

n.吹嘘自夸·I

was

surprised

to

find

that

his

much-vauntedcar

was

old

and

of

a

rather

common

kind.·◆II.

Consonants¡i．爆破音[p,b]在词义上可体现“爆破、喷发如：¡blast

n.&

v.爆炸·In

June

bombs

blasted

in

the

famed

palace

ofVersailles

destroying

three

rooms

of

arttreasures.¡blow

up

v.:explode爆炸·The

engineer

blew

up

the

bridge

with

dynamite.¡burst

n.&

v.:break

out爆发·He

watched

the

bombs

bursting

in

the

air.¡puff

n.&

v.:burst

forth喷出·Smoke

puffed

up

through

the

crater

of

thevolcano.spatter

n.&

v.溅洒A

passing

lorry

spattered

mud

onto

my

new

coat.¡splash

n.&

v.溅The

diver

splashed

water

all

over

the

sunbathers.¡spout

n.&

v.喷管，喷出From

a

crack

in

the

rocks

spouted

a

stream

of

clearwater.¡spray

n.&

v.喷洒Insect

repellent

should

be

sprayed

onto

the

skin

todiscourage

mosquitoes.¡sprinkle

n.&

v.喷撒A

cart

went

by

sprinkling

water

onto

the

dusty

streets◆ii.

舌边音[l]在词义上体现为“边，侧和线”意，如：¡flank

n.&

v.侧面，侧翼包围You

are

going

to

be

the

left

flank

when

we

have

thebattle.¡lane

n.巷，小路He

found

the

way

to

the

little

lane,

and

knocked

at

thedoor

of

Jude’s

house.¡lateral

adj.:from

or

to

the

side

of侧面的，侧部For

the

lateral

movement

of

solids

we

need

to

specifymechanism.¡latitude

n.纬度，纬线Each

point

on

Earth

is

specified

by

geographic

latitudand

longitude.¡liaison

n.联络He

wondered

if

there

had

been

liaison

between

the

twogroups.¡limb

n.:leg,

arm

or

wing四肢，翼Her

heart

began

to

pound

and

new

life

came

into

herlimbs.¡linear

adj.线的，线性的Normal

or

linear

strain

is

defined

as

the

change

inlength.¡linkage

n.:

connection连接There

is

an

ever-increasing

need

for

the

linkage

ofcommunication

systems

on

various

continents.¡longitude

n.经度，经线Terrestrial

longitude

is

measured

in

degrees

east

orwest

of

the

Greenwich

meridian.◆iii.鼻音[n]可体现“否定”含义¡negative

adj.否定的，否定I

have

a

negative

opinion

on

the

value

of

this

idea.¡neglect

v.忽视，疏忽¡

negligent

adj.疏忽的,粗心大意的¡

negligence

n.疏忽¡

negligible

adj.可以忽略的It

seems

to

me

that

I

have

been

neglecting

my

duty.¡naught

n.零All

his

work

came

to

naught

when

the

fire

destroyed

the

house

hewas

building.¡null

adj.无效的¡

nullify

v.无效¡

nullification

n.无效,废弃,取消A

promise

obtained

by

force

is

legally

null.◆III.

Phonaesthemes¡

glint,

glisten,

glitter,

gleam,

glareglow,

gloom¡

glint,

glisten,

glitter,

gleam,

glareglow,

gloom¡i.sn-表示从鼻孔发出的音：¡sneeze

n.

&

v.喷嚏，打喷嚏When

you

have

a

cold,

you

sneeze

a

lot.¡sniff

n.

&

v.鼻吸声When

she

had

stopped

crying,

she

sniffed

and

dried

hereyes.¡snore

n.

&

v.打鼾If

you

sleep

on

your

back

with

your

mouth

open

you’relikely

to

snore.¡snort

n.

&

v.喷鼻息“You

can’t

come

in

here.”

John

snorted

at

thedoorman,

“We’ll

soon

see

about

that¡snuff

n.

&

v.鼻吸声He

snuffs

up

salt

and

water

to

cure

a

cold.¤¡一些以sn-开头的词带有不愉快的联想¡snare

n.&

v.陷井，诱捕·The

advertisement

is

a

snare

forinexperienced

people.¡sneak

n.&

v.鬼鬼祟祟做事·The

man

sneaked

about

the

barn

watching

fora

chance

to

steal

the

dog.¡sneer

n.&

v.冷笑,讥笑,嘲笑·She

constantly

sneers

at

his

efforts

to

improhimself.¡snide

n.&

adj.卑鄙勾当；伪造的,不诚实的·Joyce

was

a

snide

little

punk

who

enjoyedworking

at

crossing-purpose.¡snippy

adj.暴躁的,傲慢的·Cindy

had

been

more

than

usually

snippy.¡snob

n.势利的人¡

snobbish

adj.势利的¡

snobbery

n.势利·Being

a

snob,

he

was

always

trying

to

get

toknow

members

of

the

nobility.¡snoop

n.&

v.窥视，窥探·They

had

snooped

him

for

days.¡snub

n.&

v.故意怠慢,责骂,冷落慢待·Jane

snubbed

Brian

by

turning

her

back

on

himand

walking

away.·

¤¡

snake

n.¡

snail

n.¡

sneak

v.

&

n.·

◆ii:gl-表示“光线”¡gleam

n.&

v.闪烁,隐约地闪现The

moonlight

gleamed

on

the

river.¡glimmer

v.发出闪烁的微光Now

the

raft

was

passing

the

few

glimmering

lights

of

the

distantvillage.¡glare

n.&

v.眩目的光,显眼,怒目而视The

sun

glared

out

of

the

blue

sky.¡gloom

n.&

v.阴暗,阴沉In

the

gloom

of

the

thick

forest,

they

nearly

lost

their

way.¡glaze

n.&

v.上釉The

moon

lay

on

the

glazed

snow

of

backyard.¡glossy

adj.:smooth

and

shiny光滑的，有光泽的Everything

looked

so

glossy,

and

clean

and

ordered.◆iii:sl-开头的词与“滑动”有关¡slick

adj.光滑的·The

slick

floor

brought

me

down

in

a

heavy

fall.¡sleek

adj.圆滑的·He

himself

is

as

sleek

as

a

miller’s

rat.¡slime

n.soft,sticky

mud滑的粘土·But

you

dragged

the

entire

race

into

the

slime.¡slippery

adj.光滑的，滑溜的·Much

of

the

ride

was

through

rainy

and

slipperyroad.¡sloppy

adj.湿滑的The

melting

snow

made

the

roads

very

sloppy.¡slush

n.:

melting

snow,

soft

mud烂泥Next

day

his

luggage

arrived

through

the

slush.¡sludge

n.

thick,

greasy

mud软泥Fluid

sludge

can

be

sold

to

farmers

for

spreading

ontheir

fields.¡sledge

n.雪橇The

dogs

pulled

the

sledges

over

the

ice

and

thesledges

carried

equipment.¡sly

adj.:

keeping

or

doing

things

secretly狡猾的The

sly

cat

stole

the

meat

while

the

cook’s

back

wasturned.◆iv:fl-与“火焰、光”有关¡flame

n.火焰,光辉,光芒·Love

isn’t

a

bunch

of

coals

that

can

be

blownby

an

bellows

into

a

flame

at

any

time.¡flare

n.&

v.闪光,闪耀；发火，生气·Once

more

Athens

flared

into

importance

asthe

head

of

a

confederation.¡flash

n.&

v.闪光,闪现,·A

lighthouse

was

flashing

in

the

distance.¡flicker

n.&

v.:burn

or

shine

unsteadily闪烁These

lights

flickered

continuously

like

traffic

lights

which

havgone

mad.¡flamboyant

adj.辉耀的,华丽的¡

flamboyance

n.华丽,火焰They

lived

in

that

flamboyant

hotel

with

nothing

to

do.¡inflame

v.:become

red,angry,overheated燃烧；激怒¡

inflammation

n.怒火,发火,燃烧Our

lack

of

response

seemed

to

inflame

the

colonel.¡conflagrate

v.:to

cause

to

start

burning燃烧,着火¡

conflagrant

adj.燃烧的,炽热的¡

conflagration

n.大火,大火灾,突发By

the

time

they

arrived

at

the

woods,

it

has

already

beenconflagrated

into

ash.◆v.

sta-表示“站立，固定不变”¡stable

adj.稳定的¡

stability

n.¡

stabilize

v.This

is

a

basic

requirement

for

the

stable

economic

liof

the

Chinese

people.¡stagnant

adj.:unchanging,inactive停滞的,迟钝的¡

stagnatev.使淤塞,使停滞¡

stagnation

n.停滞Without

imagination

and

love

of

adventure

a

societysoon

becomes

stagnant

and

begins

to

decay.¡staid

adj.沉静的；呆板的Her

thought

was

staid

and

solely

adapted

to

a

conditio¡stale

adj.不新鲜的,陈腐的·The

stale

literary

phrase

showed

that

the

manhad

been

educated

at

a

mission

school.¡stanch

v.止流,止血·I

thought

it

my

duty

to

help

stanch

these

leaks.¡staunch

adj.:trustworthy,loyal,firm可靠忠实的；坚定的·He

always

was

the

truest,

staunchest

old

chapin

the

world.¡stanchion

n.:

upright

post

for

supportingsomething支柱One

of

the

commonest

foundations

is

a

concrete

columnor

a

steel

stanchion.¡static

adj.静态的,静力的We

find

that,

though

static

for

several

years,

the

maris

now

expanding.¡stationary

adj.固定的；不动的Wait

until

the

bus

is

stationary

before

you

get

off.¡statue

n.雕像The

old

man

sat

on

the

bench,

still

as

a

statue.¡

stare

v.¡

◆vi.以-mum结尾的常词表示“数量”¡maximum

n.&

adj.最大量（的）；最大值（的）¡minimum

n.&

adj.最小量（的）；最小数（的）；最低限度（的）¡optimum

n.最佳值,最佳的¡

optimal

adj.最佳的,最理想的¡

optimize

v.使最优化¡

optimization

n.最佳化,最优化¡

◆vii.一些以-ush结尾的词与“水”有关¡flush

n.&

v.奔流,冲洗,晕红·The

lavatory

won"t

flush.¡gush

n.&

v.:burst,flow

out

suddenly涌出喷出；流出·Clear

water

gushed

into

the

irrigational

channe¡rush

n.&

v.匆促,冲进,急流¡

clash¡

crash¡

smash·

◆viii.-unk

的发音常常产生不愉快的联想¡flunk

n.&

v.失败,考试不及格Since

he

has

often

been

absent

from

class,

he

wasflunked

in

many

courses.¡funk

n.&

v.怯懦,恐惧,臭味The

little

child

was

left

home

alone;

he

was

in

a

funk.¡junk

n.垃圾¡punk

n.:worthless

stuff废物I

doubt

whether

I

am

something

like

punk

as

he

callsme

frequently.¡skunk

n.臭鼬¡

◆ix.-er表示反复动作，连续动作，拟声动作¡batter

v.连打¡chatter

v.喋喋不休¡quiver

v.颤动，抖动¡wander

v.徘徊¡waver

v.来回摆动¡whisper

v.低语，作沙沙声¡spatter

v.泼洒,溅污¡glimmer

v.微光,闪光¡

◆x.居于词尾的辅音连缀[-bl],[-dl],fl],[-gl],[-sl]和[-zl]常常带有“或“隆隆”的声响¡whistle

n.&

v.口哨,汽笛¡babble

n.&

v.:to

speak

like

a

child儿语,胡言乱语潺潺声She

babbled

on

about

her

dead

son.¡rustle

n.&

v.:make

a

gentle,light

sound

like

dryleaves沙沙声The

wind

rustled

the

dead

leaves.¡snuffle

v.:to

make

sound

by

the

nose用鼻音讲¡rumble

n.&

v.:make

a

deep,heavy,continuoussound隆隆声The

truck

rumbled

through

the

street.¡grumble

n.

&

v.抱怨,咕哝,嘟囔She

has

nothing

to

grumble

about.¡tinkle

n.

&

v.叮当作响All

was

quiet

and

still

except

for

the

distant

tinklinpiano.¡jangle

v.:

to

make

a

heavy

and

intolerable

sound刺耳响The

front

door

bell

jangled

sharply.¡mumble

v.

to

say

something

indistinctly喃喃而语,咕哝He

mumbled

something

to

me

but

I

could

not

hear

whathe

said.¡giggle

v.

to

laugh

like

a

girl格格地笑The

girls

were

giggling

in

class.◆xi.以-ump结尾的词与笨重和粗笨有关¡rump

n.臀部¡bump

n.堆存处¡hump

n.隆起物¡lump

n.堆¡stump

n.树桩，残干¡chump

n.肉块，木块¡

◆IV.

Chinese

Association¡acquaintance

n.相识，熟人¡

acquaint

v.使熟悉¡

Does

it

ever

occur

to

you

to

use

your

sight

to

see

into

theinner

nature

of

a

friend

or

acquaintance?¡acrimonious

adj.尖刻的，刻薄的¡

acrimony

n.刻薄，激烈¡

There

is

an

acrimonious

on-air

exchange

between

thecandidate

and

the

anchorperson.¡adjacent

adj.邻近的,接近的¡

adjacency

n.接近,毗连¡

His

house

is

adjacent

to

mine.¡agenda

n.议程¡altruism

n.利他主义,利他¡

altruistic

adj.利他的,无私的¡

All

revolutionary

work

calls

for

enthusiasm

and

altruis¡ambition

n.野心,雄心¡

ambitious

adj.有雄心的,野心勃勃的¡bandage

n.绷带¡banish

v.:

to

force

to

leave

a

country

or

place

byofficial

decree流放,驱逐,消除·The

spy

was

dishonorably

banished

from

the

land.¡barren

adj.不生育的,不孕的,贫瘠的¡

Nothing

can

grow

in

this

barren

land.¡bellicoseadj.:

warlike

in

manner

or

temperament好战的,好斗的¡

The

boys

found

it

hard

to

get

along

with

Tom,because

he

always

said

some

very

bellicosethings.¡boor

n.农民,粗野的人¡

boorish

adj.农民的,乡土气的,粗野的¡

He"s

an

absolute

boor,

not

knowing

how

to

bepolite.¡brevity

n.短暂，简短¡catalyst

n. 化剂¡The

offer

of

a

new

job

provided

just

the

catalyst

sheneeded.。¡charlatan

n.:a

quack

or

fraud假内行，庸医，骗子¡

That

charlatan!

I

lost

thousands

of

dollars

because

Ifollowed

his

advice.¡choke

v.窒息，哽住·

A

coin

went

down

his

throat

and

he

started

to

choke.¡commence

v.to

begin;start开始,着手¡

The

mass

meeting

commenced

in

Tiananmen

Square

at8

o"clock.¡condescend

v.:to

be

willing

to

lower

one’s

status谦逊,屈尊¡

Mr.

Smith

sometimes

condescends

to

help

his

wife

withthe

housework.¡curse

v.诅咒,咒语¡

She

cursed

him

for

ruining

her

life.¡dangle

v.摇摆The

leaves

dangled

in

the

wind.¡deluge

n.洪水When

the

snow

melts,

the

mountain

stream

becomes

a

deluge.¡dodge

v.避开,躲避He

dodged

the

falling

rock

and

escaped

unhurt.¡elation

n.happiness得意洋洋,兴高采烈¡

elate

v.使兴高采烈,使得意My

mother

was

filled

with

elation

when

I

got

this

good

job.¡elope

v.私奔,潜逃,出走Alan

and

Lucy

eloped

against

Lucy"s

parents"

wishes

last

week.¡emollient

n.&

adj.润肤剂；润肤的，使皮肤柔软的，缓和的¡

emolliate

v.软化，使柔软The

two

sides

decide

to

adopt

the

emollient

approach

of

adiplomatic

mediator

to

settle

the

dispute.¡fatigue

n.疲乏,疲劳We

were

all

suffering

from

fatigue

at

the

end

of

ourjourney.¡ferment

n.

&

v.发酵，骚动When

wine

is

fermented

it

gives

off

bubbles

of

gas.¡fertile

adj.肥沃的,富饶的,能繁殖的¡

fertility

n.肥沃,丰产¡

fertilize

v.施肥,使丰饶A

large

area

of

desert

was

reformed

to

turn

to

fertilesoil

in

the

northwest

region.¡flirt

v.调情，玩弄I

don‘t

like

going

to