初中英语八年级下册Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years Section A Grammar focus -4c 教学课件

Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionAGrammar-4cObjectivesTolearntheusageofforandsinceTousetheGrammarFocussentencestocreatesimpleconversationToreviewthepresentperfecttenseTolearnnewword:hometown

温故知新1.Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?

I’vehaditforthreeyears.2.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset?

He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.3.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?

Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven’t playedforawhilenow.ReviewGroupWorkYou’rehavingayardsale.Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?

新课讲解Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I'vehaditforthreeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset? He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven'tplayedforawhilenow.GrammarFocusHaveALk1.—Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?—I’velivedherefortwentyyears.2.Yes,I’vebeenheresince1976.3.Hehasjustboughtanewhouseinthecity,buteversincehemovedin,hehashadtroublewithcarsandtheirowners.4.Wehaven’tseeneachothersincelastweek.5.MyparentsandIhavebeeninHongKong

fortwodays.

6.—Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?—I’vehaditforthreeyears.7.Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years.8.Yes,I’vehaditforsevenyears.9.Amyhashadherfavoritebookforthreeyears.10.Amyhashadthetoybearsinceshewasababy.11.Amy’smomhashadtheoldbreadmaker

formorethantenyears.12.I’vehadthismagazineforacoupleofmonths.13.I’vehadthemsinceIwasachild.14.Mymom’shaditforalongtimebutitstillworks.15.Althoughhehasnotplayedwithhisoldtoys

foralongtime,hestillwantedtokeepthem.16.Forexample,hehasownedatrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.17.Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.Fillintheblanks.1.—Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?—I’velivedhere____twentyyears.2.Yes,I’vebeenhere_____1976.3.Hehasjustboughtanewhouseinthecity,butever_____hemovedin,hehashadtroublewithcarsandtheirowners.4.Wehaven’tseeneachother______lastweek.5.MyparentsandIhavebeeninHongKong____twodays.

forsincesincesinceforgoReady?6.—Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?—I’vehadit____threeyears.7.Jeffhashadhisbike____morethan10years.8.Yes,I’vehadit____sevenyears.9.Amyhashadherfavoritebook____threeyears.10.Amyhashadthetoybear______shewasababy.forforforforsince11.Amy’smomhashadtheoldbreadmaker____morethantenyears.12.I’vehadthismagazine____acoupleofmonths.13.I’vehadthem_____Iwasachild.14.Mymom’shadit___alongtimebutitstillworks.15.Althoughhehasnotplayedwithhisoldtoys___alongtime,hestillwantedtokeepthem.forforsinceforfor16.Forexample,hehasownedatrainandrailwayset_____hisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.17.Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayed____awhilenow.sincefor现在完成时：

表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词一般疑问句：have/has…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.Revision1.现在完成时动词构成have/has+v过去分词助动词否定haven’thasn’t疑问Haveyou…?Hashe…?常与下列时间状语连用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，

never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。动词构成：have/has+v过去分词havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(现在我不饿)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.nowpast2.现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1)IhavestudiedEnglishsincelastyear.

我从去年开始学习英语。2)ShehaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears.

她住在北京已经五年了。注意:come,go,leave,arrive,buy,lose,receive,join,die,和marry等动词所表示的动作是一时的,不能延续的,

故不能与for…,since…等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过,这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。3.现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下：

Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)

我已经打扫过我的房间了。

Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)

我上周打扫了我的房间。

Theyhave

boughtadictionary.(Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.)

他们买了一本字典。注意:

现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如:yesterday,last,year,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenshecamein等)连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等)连用。

(1).for+表示一段时间的短语

(2).since+表示过去时间点的词语

(3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.Ihavebeenateacher______ayear.Hehasbeenatthisschool_______1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_______wecametothisschool.forsincesince现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在,不能是具体的过去时间。everjustalreadyyete.g.Haveyou_____beentoJapan?Ihave_____finishedmyhomework.Ihavefinishedmyhomework______.

Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework____.B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.already“已经”;yet“仍然,还”

这两个副词常常用于完成时态,其中already

常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:Jimhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Motherhasn’tcomehomeyet.妈妈还没回来。Haven’tyoureadTheCalloftheWild

yet?你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？

现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in1990，lastSunday等）。

一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：have/has+V过去分词现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Have

you

read

that

story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）

I

have

bought

two

apples．

我买了两个苹果。

（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）

4.在现在完成时中

ever,

never,

just,

already,

yet在用法和意思上有什么区别？

在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中，ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。I

have

already

finished

my

homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。

He

has

just

had

his

meal．他刚吃过饭。Have

you

ever

sung

this

English

song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？

They

haven’t

started

yet.他们还没有身。

We

have

never

heard

of

it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。(1).

Have(has)

been

in

意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr.

Brown

has

been

in

Shanghai

for

three

days.

布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

They

have

been

in

Canada

for

five

years.

他们到加拿大有五年了。

5.have

been

in,

have

been

to

与have

gone

to

的用法

(2).

Have(has)

been

to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just,

ever,

never

等连用。I’ve

just

been

to

the

post

office.

我刚才去邮局了。

Have

you

ever

been

to

Hangzhou?

你曾经去过杭州吗？Mary

has

never

been

to

the

Great

Wall.

玛丽从未去过长城。

(3).

Have(has)

been

to

后面可接次数，

表示去过某地几次。如：I've

been

to

Beijing

three

times.

我去过北京三次。

They

have

been

to

that

village

several

times.

他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(4).

Have(has)

gone

to

意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如:—Where

is

Tom?

汤姆在哪里？

—He

has

gone

to

the

bookshop.他到书店去了。例如：HehasgonetoHongKong.他到香港去了。(他已前往香港,或在途中,或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)Hehas

been

toHongKong.他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港,现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解)for和since在现在完成时中的应用for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）for后须接“时间段”

HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点”

HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.

他从1999年开始学英语。（3）二者可以转换

for+一段时间=since+一段时间+agoHehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.

他到这儿已经有五个星期了。如：HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。(4)since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。（5）现在完成时常用句型：①Itis(hasbeen)+时间段+since+时间状语或从句ItisfourdayssincelastFriday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。IthasbeentwoyearssinceJimcametoBeijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。②Thisisthefirst(second…)timethat+从句

句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：ThisisthefirsttimethatJennyandDannyhavebeentoChina.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。ThisisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenKaren.这是我第三次见到Karen。（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延

续性动词的否定式连用。如:Ihaveboughtthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(×)Ihavehadthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(√)Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwomonths.(√)Ihaven'theardfromhimfor3weeks.(√)非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换leave—beaway borrow—keepbuy—have begin/start—beondie—bedead finish---beovergetup—beup,comehere—behere,join—beon+组织机构/beamember组织机构,gothere—betherebecome—be,comeback—bebackfallasleep—beasleep,getto/arrive/reach—be(in),leave—beawayfrom,gettoknow—knowgo(get)out—tieout，puton—wear,catchacold—haveacoldgetmarried—bemarriedfallill—beillTheoldmandied4yearsago.—Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.Itis4yearssincetheoldmandied.—Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.—HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.—Ihavehadthebookfor5days.如：（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用howlong提问。—Howlonghaveyouhadthisbook?

这本书你买多久了?—Foraweek./Sinceaweekago.

买一周了。JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.__________________________________2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.________________________________________________________________Rewritethesentencesusingfororsince.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.Theyareveryhungrybecausetheyhaven’thadtheirmealfortenhours.4a3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009._______________________________4.IknowAnna.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.___________________________________5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.____________________________________Ihavehadacamerasince2009.IhaveknownAnnaforthreeyears.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.1.I______________(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto____(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They_______________ (neverown)anypets,butthey____________(alwayswant)tohaveadog.3.We__________(have)apianosincelastNovember.We_________(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedalwayswanthavehadbought4b4.CathyandAmy_____________(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They______(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.5.Thismuseum__________(be)hereforover20years.It_____(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.haven’tbeenmisshasbeenisFillinthequestionsandasktwostudents.Thencompletethechart.1.Doyouhavea(n)_________?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)__________?Howlonghaveyouownedit?ThingsHowlongTonyfavoritebookfortwoyearsbasketballsincehewas10yearsoldstudent1student24c

巩固提升一、单项选择。

1.MissLiuhastaughtEnglish______shecamehere.A.sinceB.asC.whenD.for2.Tenyearshaspassed______theCCTVeventPeopleWhomovedChinatookplacein2002.

A.when

B.