基础英语稿高级三正文2016

LessonTheSadYoungRodW.HortonandHerbertW.LessonTheSadYoungRodW.HortonandHerbertW.1NoaspectoflifeintheTwentieshasbeenmorecommenteduponsensationallyromanticizedthantheso-calledRevoltoftheYoungerGeneration.slightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-agedcuriousquestioningsbytheyoung:memoriesofthedeliciouslyillicitthrillofthevisittoaspeakeasy,ofthebravedenunciationofPuritanmorality,andoffashionableexperimentationsinamourintheparkedsedanonacountryquestionsaboutthenaughty,jazzyparties,theflask-toting―sheikǁ,andthemoralstylisticvagariesofthe―flapperǁandthe―drugstorecowboyǁ.―Wereyoungreallysowild?ǁpresent-daystudentsasktheirparentsandteachers.―WasthereaYoungerGenerationproblem?ǁTheanswerstosuchinquiriesmustofnecessity―yesǁandnǁ—―yesǁbecausethebusinessofgrowingupisalwaysbyaYoungerGenerationproblem;―noǁbecausewhatseemedsowild,andimmoralinsocialbehavioratthetimecannowbeseeninperspectiveassomethingconsiderablylesssensationalthanthedegenerationofourjazzmad2Actually,therevoltoftheyoungpeoplewasalogicaloutcomeofconditionstheage.Firstofall,itmustberememberedthattherebellionwasnotconfinedtoUnitedStates,butaffectedtheentireWesternworldasaresultoftheaftermathoffirstseriouswarinacentury.Second,intheUnitedStatesitwasreluctantly1bysome—subconsciouslyifnotopenly—thatourcountrywasnolongerisolatedeitherpoliticsbysome—subconsciouslyifnotopenly—thatourcountrywasnolongerisolatedeitherpoliticsortraditionandthatwehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialorthegeographicalprotectionofourtwobordering3TherejectionofVictoriangentilitywas,inanycase,inevitable.TheboomingAmericanindustry,withitsgigantic,roaringfactories,itscorporateimpersonality,itslarge-scaleaggressiveness,nolongerleftanyroomforthecodeofpoliteandwell-bredmoralityfashionedinaquieterandlesscompetitiveage.Warornoasthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforouryoungpeopleacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationshiptothebustlingbusinessinwhichtheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.ThewaractedmerelyasaagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure,andbyprecipitatingyoungpeopleintoapatternofmassmurderitreleasedtheirinhibitedviolentwhich,aftertheshootingwasover,wereturnedinbothEuropeandAmericatodestructionofanobsolescentnineteenth-century4Thusinachangingworldyouthwasfacedwiththechallengeofbringingmoresuptodate.Butatthesametimeitwastempted,inAmericaatleast,toitsresponsibilitiesandretreatbehindanairofnaughtyalcoholicsophisticationandposeofBohemianimmorality.Thefaddishness,thewildspendingofmoneytransitorypleasuresandmomentarynovelties,thehecticairofgaiety,experimentationinsensation—sex,drugs,alcohol,perversions—wereallpartthepatternofescape,anescapemadepossiblebyageneralprosperityanda2fatiguewithpolitics,economicrestrictions,andinternationalProhibitionaffordedtheyoungthefatiguewithpolitics,economicrestrictions,andinternationalProhibitionaffordedtheyoungtheadditionalopportunityofmakingtheirillicit,andthemuch-publicizedorgiesanddefiantmanifestoesofthecrowdingintoGreenwichVillagegavethemapatternandaphilosophicdefensetheirescapism.Andlikemostescapistsprees,thisonelasteduntilthemoneyranuntilthecrashoftheworldeconomicstructureattheendofthedecadecalledpartytoahaltandforcedtherevellerstosoberupandfacetheproblemsofthe5TherebellionstartedwithWorldWarI.Theprolongedstalemateof19151916,theincreasinginsolenceofGermanytowardtheUnitedStates,andourreluctancetodeclareourstatusasabelligerentwereintolerabletomanyofidealisticcitizens,andwithtypicalAmericanadventurousnessenhancedsomewhatthestrenuousjingoismofTheodoreRoosevelt,ouryoungmenbegantoenlistforeignflags.InthewordsofJoeWilliams,inJohnDosPassos‘U.S.A.,―wantedtogetintothefunbeforethewholethingturnedbellyupǁ.Forservice,in1916—1917,wasstillaromanticoccupation.Theyoungmenofagein1917knewnothingofmodernwarfare.Thestrifeof1861—1865popularlybecome,inmotionpictureandstory,amagnolia-scentedsoapopera,theonehundred-days‘fracaswithSpainin1898haddissolvedintoaone-victoryatManilaandacinematicchargeupSanJuanHill.Furthermore,thereenoughhighschoolassemblyoratorsproclaimingthecharacter-formingforceofstrenuouslifetoconvincemorethanenoughotherwisesensibleboysthatservice3theEuropeanconflictwouldbeofgreatpersonalvalue,inadditiontotheEuropeanconflictwouldbeofgreatpersonalvalue,inadditiontobeingandexciting.Accordingly,theybegantojointhevariousarmiesinnumbers,the―itelletualǁintheambulancecorps,othersintheinfantry,marine,orwhereverelsetheycouldfindaplace.ThosewhowerereluctanttoserveaforeignarmytalkedexcitedlyaboutPreparedness,occasionallyconsideredtheNationalGuard,andrushedtoenlistwhenwefinallydidentertheconflict.tremendouswasthestormingofrecruitmentcentersthatharassedsergeantspleadedwithvolunteersto―gohomeandwaitforthedraftǁ,butsinceself-respectingpersonwantedtosufferthedisgraceofbeingdrafted,thecrazecontinued6Naturally,thespiritofcarnivalandtheenthusiasmforhighmilitaryweresoondissipatedoncetheeageryoungmenhadreceivedagoodtastetwentieth-centurywarfare.Totheirlastingglory,theyfoughtwithdistinction,butwasamuchalteredgroupofsoldierswhoreturnedfromthebattlefieldsinEspeciallywasthistrueofthecollegecontingent,whoseidealismhadledthemenlistearlyandwhohadgenerallyseenaconsiderableamountofaction.Tothem,wasbittertoreturntoahometownvirtuallyuntouchedbytheconflict,wherestilltalkedwiththenaïveFourth-of-Julybombasttheythemselveshadbeenguiltytwoorthreeyearsearlier.Itwasevenmorebittertofindthattheiroldjobshadtakenbythestay-at-homes,thatbusinesswassufferingarecessionthatpreventedopeningupofnewjobs,andthatveteranswereconsideredproblemchildrenanddesirablethannon-veteransforwhateverbusinessopportunitiesthatdidexist.4veryhomeswereoftenuncomfortabletothem;theyhadoutgrowntownandveryhomeswereoftenuncomfortabletothem;theyhadoutgrowntownandandhaddevelopedasuddenbewilderingworld-wearinesswhichneithertheynorrelativescouldunderstand.Theirenergieshadbeenwhippedupandtheirdestroyedbythewarandnow,insleepyGopherPrairiesalloverthecountry,werebeingaskedtocurbthoseenergiesandresumetheposeofself-Victorianinnocencethattheynowfelttobeasoutmodedasthenotionthatfightinghad―madetheworldsafefordemocracyǁ.And,asifhometownwerenotenough,thereturningveteranalsohadtofacethesodden,cynicismofVersailles,thehypocriticaldo-goodismofProhibition,andthepatriotismofthewarprofiteers.Somethinginthetension-riddenyouthofhadto―and,afterashortperiodofbitterresentment,it―gaveǁintheformofcompleteoverthrowofgenteelstandardsof7GreenwichVillagesetthepattern.SincetheSeventiesadwellingplaceforandwriterswhosettledtherebecauselivingwascheap,thevillagehadlongenjoyeddubiousreputationforBohemianismandeccentricity.Ithadalsoharboredmajorwriters,especiallyinthedecadebeforeWorldWarI,tosupportitsclaimbeingtheintellectualcenterofthenation.Afterthewar,itwasonlynaturalhopefulyoungwriters,theirmindsandpensinflamedagainstwar,Babbittry,―Puritanicalǁgentility,shouldflocktothetraditionalartisticcenter(wherelivingstillcheapin1919)topourouttheirnewfoundcreativestrength,toteardowntheworld,tofloutthemoralityoftheirgrandfathers,andtogivealltoart,love,58Soontheyfoundtheirimitatorsamongthenon-intellectuals.Asitbecameand8Soontheyfoundtheirimitatorsamongthenon-intellectuals.Asitbecameandmorefashionablethroughoutthecountryforyoungpersonstodefythelawtheconventionsandtoaddtheirownlittlematchstickstotheconflagrationbecameafad.Eachtownhadits―fastǁsetwhichprideditselfonitsalthoughinrealitythisself-consciousunconventionalitywasrapidlybecomingstandardfeatureofthecountryclubclass—anditslessaffluentimitatorsthroughoutthenation.Beforelongthemovementhadbecomeofficiallybythepulpit(whichdenouncedit),bythemoviesandmagazines(whichmadeattractivelynaughtywhilepretendingtodenounceit),andbyadvertisingobliquelyencourageditbysellingeverythingfromcigarettestoautomobileswithimpliedpromisethattheirownerswouldberenderedsexuallyirresistible).brothersandsistersofthewargeneration,whohadbeenplayingwithmarblesdollsduringthebattlesofBelleauWoodandChateau-Thierry,andwhohadnorealdisillusionmentorsenseofloss,nowbegantoimitatethemannersofeldersandplaywiththetoysofvulgarrebellion.Theirparentswereshocked,beforelongtheyfoundthemselvesandtheirfriendsadoptingthenewgaiety.Bymiddleofthedecade,the―wildpartyǁhadbecomeascommonplaceafactorAmericanlifeastheflapper,theModelT,ortheDutchColonialhomein9Meanwhile,thetrueintellectualswerefarfromflattered.WhattheyhadwasanAmericamoresensitivetoartandculture,lessavidformaterialgain,and6susceptibletostandardization.Instead,theirideashadbeengenerallyignored,theirbehaviorsusceptibletostandardization.Instead,theirideashadbeengenerallyignored,theirbehaviorhadcontributedtothatstandardizationbyfurnishingapatternBohemianismthathadbecomeasconventionalizedasaRotaryluncheon.Asatheirdissatisfactionwiththeirnativecountry,alreadyacuteupontheirreturnfromwar,nowbecameevenmoreintolerable.Flamingdiatribespouredfromtheirdenouncingthematerialismandwhattheyconsideredtobetheculturalbooberyoursociety.AnimportantbookrathergrandioselyentitledCivilizationintheStates,writtenby―thirtyintellectualsǁundertheeditorshipofJ.HaroldStearns,therallyingpointofsensitivepersonsdisgustedwithAmerica.Theburdenofvolumewasthatthebestmindsinthecountrywerebeingignored,thatartunappreciated,andthatbigbusinesshadcorruptedeverything.Journalismwasaadjuncttomoneymaking,politicswerecorruptandfilledwithincompetentscrooks,andAmericanfamilylifesodevotedtomakingmoneyandkeepinguptheJonesesthatithadbecomejoyless,patterned,hypocritical,andinadequate.Thesedefectswoulddisappearifonlycreativeartwereallowedtothewaytobetterthings,butsincethecountrywasblindanddeaftoeverythingtheglintandringofthedollar,therewaslittleremedyforthesensitivemindbutemigratetoEuropewhere―theydothingsbetterǁ.BythetimeCivilizationinUnitedStateswaspublished(1921),mostofitscontributorshadtakentheiradviceandwerelivingabroad,andmanymoreoftheartisticandwould-behadfollowedItwasintheirdefiant,butgenerallyshort-lived,Europeanexpatriationthat7leadingwritersoftheTwentieslearnedtothinkofthemselves,intheleadingwritersoftheTwentieslearnedtothinkofthemselves,inthewordsGertrudeStein,asthe―lostgenerationǁ.Innosenseamovementinitself,thegenerationǁattitudeneverthelessactedasacommondenominatorofthewritingoftimes.ThewarandthecynicalpowerpoliticsofVersailleshadconvincedthesemenandwomenthatspiritualitywasdead;theyfeltasstunnedasJohnAndrews,defeatedaestheteinDosPassos‘ThreeSoldiers,asrootlessaswanderingalcoholicsinTheSunAlsoRises.BesidesStein,DosPassos,Hemingway,therewereLewisMumford,EzraPound,SherwoodAnderson,Josephson,J.HaroldStearns,T.S.Eliot,E.E.Cummings,MalcolmCowley,manyothernovelists,dramatists,poets,andcriticswhotriedtofindtheirsoulsinAntibesandontheLeftBank,whodirectedsadandbitterblastsattheirnativeandwho,almosttoaman,driftedbackwithinafewyearsoutofsheertotakeupresidenceoncoastalislandsandinNewEnglandfarmhousesandproduceworksripenedbythetemperingofanolder,moresophisticated Foractuallythe―lostgenerationǁwasneverlost.Itwasshocked,uprootedfortime,bitter,critical,rebellious,iconoclastic,experimental,oftenabsurd,moremisdirected—butnever―lostǁ.Adecadethatproduced,inadditiontothelistedabove,suchfiguresasEugeneO‘Neill,EdnaSt.VincentMillay,F.Fitzgerald,WilliamFaulkner,SinclairLewis,StephenVincentBenét,HartThomasWolfe,andinnumerableotherscouldneverbewrittenoffassterile,evenasF.ScottFitzgeraldcalledthem,cursedtheirluckbutdidn‘tdie;escaped8voluntarilyreturned;flayedtheBabbittsbutlovedtheircountry,andinsodoingthevoluntarilyreturned;flayedtheBabbittsbutlovedtheircountry,andinsodoingthenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwritinginitsliterary(fromRhetoricandLiteraturebyP.JosephHorton Edwards: authors of Backgrounds AmericanLiteraryThought(1967),fromwhichthispieceisTheSadYoungMen:atermcreatedbyF.ScottFitzgeraldinhisbookAlltheSadYoungMentodescribethedisillusionedpost-WorldWarIyoungergeneration,especiallytheyoungwriterswholivedasexpatriatesinwestEuropeforashorttime.Theywerealsocalledthe―lostgenerationǁbyGertrudeflask-toting:alwayscarryingasmallflaskfilledwithwhiskyorotherstrongcrashoftheworldeconomicstructure:referringtotheGreatDepressioninU.S.history,thesevereeconomiccrisissupposedlyprecipitatedbytheU.S.stock-marketcrashof1929.TheAmericandepressionproducedsevereeffectsabroad,especiallyinRoosevelt:TheodoreRoosevelt(1859-1919),26thPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1901-1909).Hedrewconsiderablecriticismforhisglorificationofmilitarystrengthandhispatrioticfervor.AftertheoutbreakofWorldWarIheattackedWilson‘sneutralitypolicy;andwhentheUnitedStatesenteredthewarhepleadedvainlytobeallowedtoraiseandcommandavolunteer(1896- Publications:ThreeSoldiers;ManhattanTransfer;U.S.A.;DistrictColumbia,turnbellyup:tofinish,toend;atermborrowedfromfishing.Afish9floatsbellyupisfloatsbellyupisthestrifeof1861-65:theCivilWarbetweentheNorthern(Federal)andSouthern(Confederate)States,whichresultedinvictoryfortheformerandtheabolitionofslaveryfracaswithSpainin1898:theSpanish-AmericanWar(1898),abriefconflictbetweenSpainandtheUnitedStatesarisingoutofSpanishpoliciesinCuba.Itwas,toalargedegree,broughtaboutbytheeffortsofU.S.expansionists.OnMay7,aU.S.squadronunderGeorgeDeweysailedintotheharborofManila,PhilippineIslands,andinafewhoursthoroughlyde-featedtheSpanishfleet10.SanJuanHill:inEastCuba,nearthecityofSantiagodeCuba.Itwasscene(July,1898)ofabattleintheSpanish-Americanwar,inwhichTheodoreRooseveltandtheRoughRiderstookpart.11.NationalGuard:U.S.militia.InpeacetimetheNationalGuardisplacedunderstatejurisdictionandcanbeusedbygovernorstoquelllocaldistur-bances.Intimesofwarorotheremergencies,theNationalGuardisab-sorbedintotheactiveserviceoftheUnitedStatesandthePresidentiscom-12.Fourth-of-July:U.S.IndependenceDay,commemoratingtheadoptionoftheDeclarationofIndependence.Traditionally,ithasbeencelebratedwiththefiringofgunsandfireworks,parades,open-airmeetings,andpatriotic13.GopherPrairies:backward,undevelopedsmalltownsacrossAmericanheartlandlikeGopherPrairie,thefictionalsettingofMainStreet(1920)bySinclairLewis.SinclairLewis,inthePrefacetothenovel,observesthat―ThisisAmerica—atownofafewthousand,inaregionofwheatandcornanddairiesandlittlegroves.Thetownis,inourtale,called‗GopherPrairie,Minnesota.‘ButitsMainStreetisthecontinuationofMainStreetseverywhere.ThestorywouldbethesameinOhioorMontana,inKansasKentuckyorIllinois,andnotKentuckyorIllinois,andnotverydifferentlywoulditbetoldUpYorkorintheCarolinahills.ǁGopherPrairieismodeledonSaukCentre,Minnesota,wheretheauthorgrewup.14.―madetheworldsafefordemocracyǁ:TheexactquotationfromWilson‘sAddresstoCongress(April2,1917)is,―Theworldmustbemadesafefordemocracy.ǁ15.Napoleoniccynicism:Asconqueror,NapoleoncynicallyrearrangedwholemapofEurope.ThevictoriousalliesofWorldWarIdidthesameat16.countryclubclass:peoplerichenoughtojointhecountry17.ModelT:oneoftheearlyFordmotorcars,generallyregardedasthefirstwhosepriceandavailabilitymadecarownershippossibleforlargenumbersof18.theDutchColonialhomeinFloralHeights:DutchColonialhomereferstospacioushousesfollowingthestyleofDutchColonialarchitecture.FloralHeightsistheresidentialdistrictofthefictionalcityofZenithinBabbitt(1922)bySinclairLewis.GeorgeBabbitt,theeponymouscharacterofthenovel,hasagreen-and-whiteDutchColonialhomeinFloral19.Rotary(International):organizationofbusinessandprofessionalmen,founded(1905)byPaulPercyHarris,aChicagolawyer.BesidesRotaryclubsintheUnitedStates,otherbrancheswereestablishedinmanycountriesthroughouttheworld.Thenamewasderivedfromtheoriginalcustomofmeetinginrotationatthemembers‘placesof20.Mumford:LewisMumford(1895-1990),Americansocialphilosopher.Amonghisbooksare:TechnicsandCivilization;TheConditionofMan,andTheCityin21.Pound:EzraPound(1885-1972),Americanpoet,critic,andtranslator;extremelyimportantinfluenceintheshapingof20thcenturypoetry,heoneofthemostfamousoneofthemostfamousandcontroversialliteraryfiguresofthe20th—praisedasasubtleandcomplexmodernpoet,dismissedasanaiveegotistandpedant,condemnedasatraitorandreactionary.DuringWorldWarIIhebroadcastFascistpropagandatotheUnitedStatesfortheItaliansandwasindictedfortreason.Pound‘smajorworksare:HomagetoSextusPropertius;HughSelwynManberley,andthe22.Anderson:SherwoodAnderson(1876-1941),Americannovelistandstorywriter,bestknownforhisnovelWinesburg,23.Josephson:MatthewJosephson(1899-1978),NewYorkauthor,knownforatimeasamemberofthepost-warexpatriategroup.SomeofhispublicationsincludeZolaandHisTime;PortraitoftheArtistasAmerican;TheRobberBarons,24.Eliot:T.S.Eliot(1888-1965),Englishpoetandcritic.Oneofthemostdistinguishedliteraryfiguresofthe20thcentury,T.S.Eliotwonthe1948NobelPrizeinliterature.Someofhisimportantworksinclude:TheWasteland;MurderintheCathedral;TheSacredWood,25.Cummings:E.E.Cummings(1894-1962),Americanpoet.Amonghisvolumesofpoetryare:TulipsandChimneys;Is5,and9526.Cowley:MalcolmCowley(1898-1989),Americancriticandpoet.Heabroadinthe1920sandknewmanywritersofthe―lostgenerationǁ,aboutwhomhewroteinExile’sReturnandSecondFlowering.27.Antibes:aseasideresortontheFrenchRivierafavoredbywritersand28.LeftBank:leftbankoftheRiverSeineinParis,famousforitsopen-bookstalls.TheLatinquarter,thehauntofuniversitystudentsandteachers,isalsoontheleftbank.29. knowledgedasAmerica‘sgreatestplaywright,O‘NeillbroughttotheU.S.stageitsfirstseriousnativedrama.Amonghisfamousplaysare:BeyondtheHorizon;TheEmperorJonesHorizon;TheEmperorJones;DesireUndertheElms;TheIceman30.Millay:EdnaSt.VincentMillay(1892-1950),Americanpoet.Oneofthemostpopularpoetsofherera,Millaywasadmiredasmuchforthebohemianfreedomofheryouthfullifestyleasforherverse.Amongherpoemsare:Renascence;AFewFigsfromThistles;TheBalladoftheHarpWeaver;FatalInterview,31.Fitzgerald:F.ScottFitzgerald(1896-1940),Americannovelistandshortstorywriter.Fitzgeraldisconsideredtheliteraryspokesmanofthe―jazzageǁ—thedecadeofthe1920s.Amonghisfamousworksare:ThisSideofParadise;TheBeautifulandDamned;TheGreatGatsby;TalesoftheJazzAge;AlltheSadYoungMen,32.Faulkner:WilliamFaulkner(1897-1962),Americannovelist.AsawriterFaulkner‘sprimaryconcernwastoprobehisownregion,thedeepsouth.Hewasawardedthe1949NobelPrizeinliterature.Hisbest-knownnovelsare:TheSoundandtheFury;AsILayDying;Sanctuary;AFable,33.Lewis:SinclairLewis(1895-1951),Americannovelist.Probablythegreat-estsatiristofhisera,Lewiswrotenovelsthatpresentadevastatingpictureofmiddle-classAmericanlifeinthe1920s.In1930,LewisbecamethefirstAmericantowintheNobelPrizeforLiterature.Hisbest-knownnovelsare:MainStreet;Babbitt;Arrowsmith;ItCan’tHappenHere,34.Benét:StephenVincentBenét(1898-1943),AmericanpoetandPublications:HeavenandEarth;JohnBrown’sBody;BalladsandPoems,35.Crane:HartCrane(1899-1932),Americanpoet.Hepublishedonlytwovolumesofpoetry,WhiteBuildings(1926)andTheBridge(1930),duringhislifetime,butthoseworksestablishedCraneasoneofthemostoriginalandvitalAmericanpoetsofthe20th36.Wolfe:ThomasWolfe(1900-1938),Americannovelist.Hiswell-novelsare:Of36.Wolfe:ThomasWolfe(1900-1938),Americannovelist.Hiswell-novelsare:OfTimeandtheRiver;TheWebandtheRock,andYouCan’tGoHomeAgain.Whyweretheyoungergenerationofthe1920sthoughttobeWhatdoesthewritermeanby―thepatternofescapeǁ?(paraHowdidWorldWarIaffecttheyoungerInwhatwaysdidGreenwichVillagesetthepatternfortherevoltofyoungergenerationoftheWhywerethesewriterscalledthe―lostgenerationǁ?WeretheyreallyWhatisthewriter‘scentralthesis?WhereisitHowdoesthewriterdevelophiscentralthought?DoeshesupportopinionswithconvincingfactsandDotheindividualparagraphsorparagraphunitsrelatetothecentralofthewhole,anddevelopnewbutrelatedstagesofthedevelopingWouldyouconsiderparagraphs7and8asoneunit?Howdotheyeach10.Doyouagreewiththeconclusionsofthewriter?GiveyourLessonTheFutureoftheJ.B.1TowriteabouttheLessonTheFutureoftheJ.B.1TowriteabouttheEnglishinstandardandcosmopolitanpoliticalterms,usualLeft-Centre-Rightstuff,isalwayswastingtimeandtrouble.TheEnglishdifferent.TheEnglishareevenmoredifferentthantheythinktheyare,thoughmoredifferentthantheyfeeltheyare.Andwhattheyfeel—Englishnessagain—moreimportantthanwhattheythink.Itisinstinctivefeelingandnotrationalthatshapesandcoloursactualeventsin2Forexample,althoughtheEnglishseemtobesosharplydivided,indulginginplentyofloudpoliticalabuse,therearenothinglikesoCommunistsorneo-orpotentialFascistsinEnglandasthereareinmostcountries.Again,althoughtheEnglishseemtohavemorethantheirshareofprotestmarches,confrontationswithauthority,whatcouldbegintolooklikemurderousencounterinFranceorAmerica,ormightbeabloodystreetbattleinwouldinEnglandendattheworstinafewscufflesandarrests.ThisisbecausearefewerfanaticalbelieversamongtheEnglish,andatthesametime,belowthearguments,theabuseandthequarrels,thereisareservoirofinstinctivefellownotyetexhaustedthoughitmaynotbefillingup.Noteverybodycandrawonreservoir.NodoubtthereareinEnglandsomesnarlingshopstewardswhofreedomfortheworkerswhenwhattheyreallywantistobringthewholecrashingdown,togetherwitheveryguaranteeofliberty.NodoubtthereareemployerswhosmileattheTVcamerasanddeclarethatalltheyemployerswhosmileattheTVcamerasanddeclarethatalltheydesireisfriendliestrelationwiththeirworkforce,whenathearttheywouldliketotakeatothewholeidletroublesomemobofthem.Buttherearenotmanyoftheseeitherontheboardortheshopfloor,andtheyarecertainlynottypicalEnglish.cancerintheircharacterhaseatenawaytheir3TherealEnglish,whoare‗different‘,whohaveinheritedEnglishnessandnotyetthrownawaytheirinheritance,cannotfeelathomeinthecontemporaryrepresentingtheaccelerateddevelopmentofourwholeage.Itdemandsbigness,theyaresuspiciousofbigness.(AndthereisnownotonlyIndustrialbigness;therealsoScientificbigness,needingmoreandmoretodiscoverlessandless.)everythingcannotbedonebysmallishandreasonablyhumanenterprises.Noshipyardcanundertaketobuilda150,000-tonship,thoughwemaynotbeinourmindsifwewantsuchaship.ButitissafetosaythatwhileEnglishnessreluctantlyacceptbigness,itsmonstersareneverheartilywelcomed.TheylookrightinAmerica,itselfsolarge,butseemaltogetheroutofscaleinEngland.withthedemandforbignessgoesademandforsevereefficiency,oftenquitebutnotreasonable,thereforealientoEnglishness.Afurthernecessarydemand,tothemonsterwithhigherandhigherfiguresandlargerandlargerprofits,isenormousadvertisingcampaignsandbrigadesofrazor-keensalesmen.Finally,themonsterandallitsspokesmencomesamessage,endlesslyrepeated.Itrunsorlessasfollows:―Yououghttobehappy.Butyouarenothappy.Youcanbethough,ifyoubuywhatwearemakingforyou.ǁAndapostscriptmightbefromIago:―Putmoneyinthy4Iliketocallthis‗Admass‘,fromIago:―Putmoneyinthy4Iliketocallthis‗Admass‘,andwilldosofromnowon.IwillalsowhatthefutureoftheEnglishhangsupon,whileatthesametime,unlikeeverybodyelse,keepingwellclearofeconomics.Ithangsuponthefinalresultofbattlethathasbeengoingonforsomeyearsnowandthatexplainswhytheseemsoodd,eccentric,unsatisfactory,notonlyabroadbuttomanypersonsatItisabattlethatisbeingfoughtinthemindsoftheEnglish.ItisbetweenwhichhasalreadyconqueredmostoftheWesternworld,andEnglishness,ailingimpoverished,innopositiontoreceivevastsubsidiesofdollars,francs,andtherest,forpublicrelationsandadvertisingcampaigns.Thetriumphsofcanbeplainlyseen.Itoperatesintheoutervisibleworld,whereitoffersmoremorethings—formoreandmoremoneyofcourse—andcreatestheso-‗GoodLife‘.Againstthis,atleastsuperficially,Englishnessseemsapoorshow—afaintpencilsketchbesideaposterinfullcolour—belongingasitdoestotheinvisibleinnerworld,merelyofferingstatesofmindinplaceofthatvarietyofthings.Butthenwhilethingsareimportant,statesofmindareeven5Itiseasyto