老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第二编语法突破专题十形容词和副词北师大版

专题十形容词和副词1.(2021·全国甲卷，45)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!答案：better其后的连词than暗示要用比较级形式，故填better。2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，59)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the(hot)thespring!答案：hotter此句含有一个“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型，意为“越……，越……”。由thecolder和设空前的the可知，此处应用hot的比较级。故填hotter。3．(2020·天津高考，7)AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon'thavetoreadthebookifwedon'twantto,asitis(option)．答案：optional句意：根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。作表语，用形容词形式。故填optional。4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，68)Asthesmallboatmoved(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.答案：gently句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，68)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.答案：higher根据设空后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，61)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraininghardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.答案：so此处是so...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词hard。7．(2019·浙江高考，65)Schooluniformsare(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.答案：traditional此处形容词作表语，用来说明主语schooluniforms的特点。故填traditional。8．(2021·全国乙卷，短文改错)What'smore,doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.答案：mentally→mental此处应用形容词mental作定语修饰名词relaxation。故将mentally改为mental。9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.答案：interesting→interestedbecomeinterestedin“变得对……感兴趣”。故将interesting改为interested。10．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.答案：coolly→cool连系动词look后跟形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。一形容词1．形容词的作用形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征。在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语以及状语。Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundus.Shecanbereallystubborn.Ifounditdifficulttocalmdown.[注意]①有些形容词通常作表语，不能像普通形容词那样作前置定语，这样的形容词称为表语形容词，表语形容词作定语时需后置，如alive,alone,asleep,alike,afraid,awake,ashamed,sure。Heisthegreatestwriteralive.Heistheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.②有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，这样的形容词称为定语形容词，如golden,wooden,silken,live,elder,former,latter,front,back,outer。2．形容词在句中的位置(1)单个形容词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之前；两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，排列顺序一般应考虑以下两种情况：①和被修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词位置更靠近名词。JaneEyreisamovingEnglishnovel.②音节少的形容词在前，音节多的形容词在后。Ihaveasmallbutbeautifulroom.(2)多个形容词排序常见形容词顺序归纳为口诀如下：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful、interesting...)＋大小、长短、高低形容词＋形状、年龄、新旧形容词＋颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词＋用途、类别形容词＋中心名词。可以简单地记为：“县官行令宴国才(限冠形龄颜国材)。”TheoldladywantstobuyabeautifulredChinesesilkdressforherdaughterasapresent.TheyboughtacharmingbigroundnewblackFrenchwoodenwritingdesklastyear.(3)单个形容词作定语时，在下列情况之下，形容词应放在被修饰词之后。形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything等时应后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereisnothingdangeroushere.3．倍数表达法的句式倍数表达法主要有以下5种：(1)...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...(2)...倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...(3)...倍数＋thesize/length/weight/heightof...(4)...倍数＋thatof...(5)...倍数＋what...[注意]表示倍数的词始终在前面。①我们的新房子是旧房子的三倍大。Ournewhouseisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimesthesizeoftheoldone.②2017年的汽车产量比2016年的产量大六倍。Theoutputofcarsin2017isseventimesthatof2016.＝Theoutputofcarsin2017isseventimeswhatitwasin2016.二副词1．副词的作用副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。Hegotupearlythismorning.Thebuildingtherelooksverysmall.[注意]有些副词可修饰名词，用以加强语气。常用的这类副词为quite,rather,even等。Weheldquiteapartylastweekend.Evenachildwon'tbelievesuchastoryyoutold.2．副词的分类时间副词now,today,recently,late,soon,yet频率副词often,always,usually,seldom,frequently地点副词away,abroad,anywhere,downstairs,home,here,there方式副词clearly,carefully,badly,quietly,quickly程度副词almost,(a)little,much,very,rather,quite,fairly,deeply疑问/连接副词when,where,why,how否定副词not,hardly,scarcely,rarely,never3．副词在句中的位置时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。但always,seldom,often,never,rarely等副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和be动词之后。Theywillgotheretomorrow.Ioftengotoschoolatseveninthemorning.Mybrotherisseldomlateforschool.[注意]①enough作为副词时总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。Thebookiseasyenoughforlittlekids.②enough作形容词时，可置于名词之前或之后。Wehaven'tenoughtime/timeenoughtoprepareforthemeeting.三形容词与副词的比较级和最高级1．比较级和最高级的基本构成(1)规则变化续表(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2．比较级和最高级的用法(1)比较级的用法①“比较级＋than”，表示一方超过另一方。Ourschoolisbetterthanthatone.②“less＋原级＋than”，表示一方不及另一方。Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.③“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”，表示“越……，越……”。Thehigherthetemperatureis,thegreaterthepressureis.④“比较级＋and＋比较级”，表示“越来越……”。Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.[注意]比较级可以被even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,any,rather,no,agreatdeal,byfar等修饰。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.(2)与比较等级相关的常用表达①moreBthanA＝lessAthanB“与其说A不如说B”。Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.＝Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.②morethan“不仅仅……”；nomorethan＝only“仅仅，只不过”；notmorethan“至多，不超过”。Languageismorethanatoolwithwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.③no＋比较级＋than...“都不”，是对两者的共同否定，且侧重前者；而not＋比较级＋than...“不及”，表前者不如后者。JosiespeaksChinesenomorefluentlythanherbrother.Idon'trunfasterthananyoneelseinmyclass.(3)最高级的用法①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高级可被序数词以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等词语所修饰。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.ThisisbyfarthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Inaddition,singingingroupshelpedpeoplefeel(little)stressed,enhancedtheirmoodandincreasedtheirconfidence,socialskillsandfeelingofwell－being.答案：less根据后面的“enhancedtheirmood...feelingofwell－being”可知，合唱帮助人们缓解压力，即帮助人们感受到更少的压力，故用副词little的比较级less，修饰其后的形容词“stressed”。2．How(consider)andwonderfulofyoutoremembermybirthday!答案：considerate句意：您真的很体贴，还记得我的生日！how后面接形容词，构成感叹句。3．Inthe2014PISArankings,whichmeasuresglobaleducationalstandards,Thaistudentsperformedbelowtheglobalaverageandmuch(bad)thanthosefrompoorerVietnaminsubjectslikemathsandscience.答案：worse根据后文中than的提示可知，设空处应为比较级，bad的比较级为worse。4．AsArtificialIntelligencebecomes(increasing)complicated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.答案：increasingly修饰动词短语becomescomplicated，应该使用副词作状语。5．Whatthetreatyaimstodoistopreventthe(commerce)andmilitaryuseofthecontinent.答案：commercial句意：该条约的目的是防止该大陆被用于商业和军事用途。commercial“商业的”与military“军事的”并列，共同修饰use“用途”，故填commercial。6．(hope),itwilllowerthenumberofpeoplehitandkilledbycarsinthecity.答案：Hopefully句意：希望此举能减少该市被汽车撞死的人数。hopefully为副词修饰整个句子，置于句首。故填Hopefully。7．Afteralltheworkhadbeendone,weheadedhome,(tire)buthappy.答案：tired句意：所有工作完成之后，我们回家了，虽然疲劳但是开心。说明句子主语we的特征，所以用形容词作状语。8．Idon'tthinkwhathesaidis(relevance)tothetopicwearediscussing.答案：relevantrelevant“有关的，贴切的”。berelevantto“与……相关”，固定搭配。9．TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met)isoneoftheworld's(large)artmuseums.答案：largest句意：大都会艺术博物馆是世界上最大的博物馆之一。根据“oneofthe＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”的结构可知，此处使用largest。10．EmperorQinshihuangmadethesevenmajorstatesintoone(unite)countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.答案：united设空处修饰名词country，应用形容词，表示“统一的国家”。故填united。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Wecouldseeveryclearastrangelightaheadofus.答案：clear→clearly修饰动词see应用clear的副词形式。2．Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.答案：earlier→early由句子中的副词often可知，是一个经常发生的动作，无比较的对象，故需用原级。3．Theyhavealsoboughtsomegardeningtools;beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.答案：beside→besidesbeside是介词，根据句意和beside后面的逗号可知，此处应用副词besides(而且，此外)。4．Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.答案：difference→different名词kinds前应该用形容词作定语，differentkindsof...“不同种类的……”。5．Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.答案：freely→freebefreefrom“免于，不受……的影响，没有……的影响”，固定搭配。Ⅲ.短文改错(2021·甘肃省天水市第一中学高三第五次考试)I'vebeenplayingvolleyballsincethreeyearsbefore.Itstartedwhenateachersetupvolleyballclubinourschool,hopethatmorestudentswouldjoininthesport.Theclubwasverypopularthatmanystudentssignedupforit.Tobehonestly,atthattimeIjustfollowedthemwithoutthinking.WepracticedtogetheroneverySaturdaymorning.However,someofthestudentssoonbegantogetboringanddroppedoutoftheclub.SoIfoundIwasquiteenjoyingitandIcarryon.Aftertrainingforsometime,Iwasselectedfortheschoolteam.WhatexcitedandproudIwas!答案：I'vebeenplayingvolleyballsincethreeyearseq\o(before,\s\do8(①ago)).Itstartedwhenateachersetupeq\o(∧,\s\do8(②a))volleyballclubinourschool,eq\o(hope,\s\do8(③hoping))thatmorestudentswouldjoininthesport.Theclubwaseq\o(very,\s\do8(④so))popularthatmanystudentssignedupforit.Tobeeq\o(honestly,\s\do8(⑤honest))，atthattimeIjustfollowedthemwithoutthinking.Wepracticedtogethereq\o(eq\o(on,＼),\s\do9