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PrivateHomeownerDrinkingWaterIssuesPresenterMr.BrianOram,ProfessionalGeologistWilkesUniversity
GeoEnvironmentalSciencesandEngineeringDepartment
CenterforEnvironmentalQualityWilkesBarre,PA18766(570)408-4619
WaterTreatmentdisinfectioncationexchangeanionexchangefiltrationadsorptiondemineralizationpHadjustmentoxidationMatchthepollutantwiththecorrectprocess!DoWeNeedtoTreat
theWater?EvaluateExistingSource-Construction,Location,andWaterQuality
IsMaintenanceNeeded?
IdentifyandRepairSystemDeficiencies
PollutionControlMeasures-wellcap,controldrainage,andchangeland-uspractice
Treatment-POU,POE,orotherTheLastControlMeasureisTreatmentEvaluateWell
ChangeWellCapDisinfection
ShockChlorinationMayworkforsmallnumbersofcoliformbacteria.Shouldbeconductedafterallwellrepairs,flooding,
orproblemswithelevatedbacterialcounts.Aftershock
disinfection–retestingfortotalcoliform,standardplatecount,andnuisancebacteriamaybeneed.Iron/Nuisance
BacteriaPeriodicshockwelldisinfectionsDroptabletschlorinatorsChlorinefeedsystemOzonetreatmentUVtreatment–maybepossible
probablyClassAUnit(turbidity,hardness,iron,manganeseissues)WholeHouseTreatmentPointofEntry(POE)continuouschlorinationIssues:ChlorineDemandBacterialLevelsOtherWaterQualityproblemslike:iron,sulfur,andodorsAlkalinityandpHofwatermayneedadjustmentU-VTubeU-VSterilizerTheSelectionofUVUnitsystemdependsonthefollowing:GeneralWaterQualityTurbidityHardnessIronandManganeseBacterialLevelsSourceWaterTypeandOverallWaterQuality?Http://OzoneSchematicofSoftenerWaterSoftener
DoNotRemoveAlltheWaterHardness!
RESIN(SodiumOrPotassium)RawWater(SodiumorPotassium)Calcium&MagnesiumAndotherMultivalentcationsTreatedWaterIonExchange:SodiumforCalcium&MagnesiumRechargewithBrineRESIN(Calcium&Magnesium)WasteWater(SodiumorPotassium)Calcium&Magnesiumand
othermultivalentcationsBrineCarbonFiltrationUsesRemoveman-madeorganicchemicalsRemovemiscellaneoustastesandodorfromwater–assumingnobacterialproblemsRemoveradongasfromwater
MaintenanceCarbonmustbereplaced routinelyAcid(CorrosiveWater)Control
WaterLimestonechipsorcalciteGravelIronRemovalFormandconcentrationisimportantOxidized=visible,orangestainReduced=colorlessRemovalMethodsWaterSoftener
nobacterialproblem
Chlorination/FiltrationOxidizingFilter
nobacterialproblemOzoneHydrogenSulfideHotwateronly?Adjustwaterheatertoatemperatureof160Ffor12to24hoursandthenflushremoveorreplacerodinheater(WarrantyIssues)CarbonFiltration-nobacterialproblem
Chlorination/ContactTank/Filtration
Aeration-nobacterialproblem
Oxidizingfilter-manganesegreensand
nobacterialproblemAttheSinkPointofUse(POU)ReverseOsmosisforcewaterthroughmembraneremovesmanycontaminantsDistillationheatwatertoboilingcondensevaporionsleftbehindenergyintensiveHeatSourceCoolingWaterRawWaterTreatedWaterSteamTypicallythesearesmallcarbon-blockfiltersthatwillremoveparticles,reduceodorsandtasteproblems,andhavealimitedexchangecapacityforhardnessandtracemetals.UnitsareratedforWaterthatmeetsDrinkingWaterStandards
NotforWaterwithLevelsabovetheDrinkingWaterStandard
BeforeYouBuyTreatmentEquipment
GettheFacts-NottheSalesPitchHaveyourwatertestedbyareputableaccredited,approved,and/orcertifiedlabDon’trelyonin-homewatertestresults.Don’trelyonfreewatertests.Consultunbiasedwaterqualityexpertsandgetmultiplequotesforasystem.
ExploreAllAlternativesWellRehabilitation,Newsource,LocalPollutionControl,MaintenanceTipsforBuyingTreatmentEquipmentSeekreputablecompaniesthathavebeenaroundAskforcustomerreferencesResearchcompanyhistoryBewareofhardsaletechniques(scaretactics)AskaboutmaintenancerequirementsGetadetailedwarrantyLookforNSFandWQAcertificationsEPAcertificationmeansnothingGeteverythinginwriting!Ifitsoundstoogood-itis!SampleNo.1TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 2/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 1mg/L 10mg/LpH 6.7 6.5to8.5**Hardness 100mg/L 6gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 0mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation?Shockchlorinationandretesting,possiblecontinuousdisinfectionSampleNo.2TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 150/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 1mg/L 10mg/LpH 6.7 6.5to8.5**Hardness 100mg/L 6gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 0mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation?Short-Term:ShockTreatmentandRetestingLong-Term:PossiblyChlorinationorUVlightorOzoneSampleNo.3TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 0/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 1mg/L 10mg/LpH 6.8 6.5to8.5**Hardness 34mg/L 2gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 7.0mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation?OxidizingfilterorOzoneSampleNo.4TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 0/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 1mg/L 10mg/LpH 7.0 6.5to8.5**Hardness 154mg/L 9gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 0.5mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation?WatersoftenerSampleNo.5TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 0/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 3mg/L 10mg/LpH 5.1 6.5to8.5**Hardness 17mg/L 1gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 0mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation
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