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2022届高考英语备考:语法考点与3年高考链接

一、时态和语态

【考点及解题技巧】

1.主从句时态应该保持一致,但如果宾语从句讲的是事实,用一般现在时。如:Hetold

methattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

2.瞬间动词不能和现在完成时连用,尤其含有for的短语。如:Hehasdiedforthree

years.(错句)。可改成Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.或者Hediedthreeyearsago.

或者Itisthreeyearssincehedied.

3.土兄在进行时与always,continually,forever等副词连用时,具有较重的感情色彩,

如表示赞许、厌烦、警告等。如:He'salwayscominglateforclass.

4.有些表示状态和感觉的动词一般不用于进行时态,如连系动词be;表示感情的love,

like,dislike,hate,prefer等;表示感知的hear,smell,feel等;表示认知的think(认

为),believe,remember,know等;表示从属关系和某些抽象概念的动词have,belong,

possess,equal,resemble等。如:Theyresembleeachotherinshape.

5."usedto+动词原形”表示过去的状态或者习惯性动作,并含有现在已经终止的意思;

TTnwould也可以表示过去的习惯,但比较强调过去的倾向。

6.在表示时间和条件的状语从句中,一般过去时常用来代替过去将来时。如:Wewould

notleavetheofficeuntilhecameback.

7.在口语中,有些系动词,如get,grow,become,turnout等,加上及物动词的

过去分词也可以构成被动语态。如:Wegotdelayedbecauseoftheholidaytraffic.

8.在SVO句型中,如果宾语是that引导的从句,尤其当主句的谓语动词是think,say,

believe,feel等词时,转换成被动语态有两种形式。如:Theysaidthathewasjealousof

hersuccess.(主动语态)—Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.—Hewassaid

tobejealousofhersuccess.

9.曲'及物动词+名词+介词”的动词短语被动语态有两种形式。如Theypaidno

attentiontotheproblem.(主动语态)—Noattentionwaspaidtotheproblem.—The

problemwasnotpaidattentionto.

10.有少数动词(cut,read,write,lock,sell,shut,wash,taste,feel)

的主动形式可以表示被动意义。如:Theseclotheswashwell.这些衣服经洗。Silkfeelsvery

soft.丝绸摸起来很软。

【小试牛刀】

1.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmemberstenperformancesinthelastthree

months.(2019江苏卷22)

A.givesB.hasgiven

C.havegivenD.give

2.AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smithinlovewiththe

peopleandculturethere.(2019江苏卷29)

A.wouldfallB.hadfallen

C.hasfallenD.fell

3.Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminalsby2022fortheBeijing

WinterOlympics.(2019江苏卷33)

A.willinstall

B.willhavebeeninstalled

C.areinstalled

D.havebeeninstalled

4.ItosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn't

manageit.(2019天津卷2)

A.hadhopedB.amhoping

C.havehopedD.wouldhope

5.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothe

villagelastweek.(2019天津卷8)

A.isgivenB.aregiven

C.wasgivenD.weregiven

6.1wassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplanin

thepasttwoyears.(2018江苏卷30)

A.hadbeencarriedoutB.wouldbecarriedout

C.isbeingcarriedoutD.hasbeencarriedout

7.Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbeemailingeachother,forwemore

convenientelectroniccommunicationtoolsbythen.(2018江苏卷31)

A.havedevelopedB.haddeveloped

C.willhavedevelopedD.developed

8.—Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround.(2018北京卷1)

一Hello,Peter.I'mBob.IjustonMonday.

A.startB.havestarted

C.startedD.hadstarted

9.Susanhadquitherwellpaidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhood

whenIvisitedherlastyear.(2018北京卷4)

A.isworkingB.wasworking

C.hasworkedD.hadworked

10.China'shighspeedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthe

pastfewyears.(2018北京卷7)

A.aregrowingB.havegrown

C.willgrowD.hadgrown

二、情景对话

【考点及解题技巧】

1.情景对话是以书面形式考查学生英语口头交际能力和逻辑思维的一种题型。

2.情景对话考查学生是否在一定的交际情境中,对所谈事及说话人之间的关系做准确

的反应。

3.把话题设置在一个情境中,考查学生在特定的情景中运用语言的能力。

4.掌握一些常用的口语交际用语和习惯用语。

5.学会应用语境分析全篇对话。

6.在一个语境中具有一定的推断能力。

7.通过整个对话,跳过空缺处,快速把全篇通读一遍,了解其整体结构,把握对话的

内容及语境。

8.从四个选项中或者方框中选择合适的选项补全对话。

9.更多关注核心词汇、重点短语和写作句式。

10.在高三复习过程中不断积累固定短语,在固定短语中可能没有生词,但是作为短语

就不知所云,更不用说运用在情景当中。如:havebutterfliesonone'sstomach紧张,忐

忑不安;(as)coolasacucumber非常冷静,泰然自若;forthetaking供自由拿取;offthetop

ofone'shead不假思索地,信口地;flyoffthehandle发火,失去控制。

【小试牛刀】

1.—Let'stakeacoffeebreak.(2019江苏卷35)

_We'vebeenworkingforhours.

A.Whybother?B.Whatfor?

C.Yougotmethere.D.Yousaidit.

2.—Iguessyouwanttogotoplaytennis.(2019天津卷1)

一.That'sexactlywhatIwasthinkingtoo.

A.Ididn'tgetitB.It'suptoyou

C.YouneverknowD.Youreadmymind

3.—Mysongotafullscholarshiptohisdreamuniversity!(2019天津卷6)

—Wow,!What'shegoingtostudy?

A.goodforhimB.goforit

C.whatacoincidenceD.allthebest

4.—Youknowwhat?I'vegotaNewYearconcertticket.(2018江苏卷28)

—Oh,You'rekidding.

A.sowhat?B.goahead.

C.comeon.D.whatfor?

5.—Whathappened?Yourbossseemsto.(2018江苏卷35)

一Didn'tyouknowhissecretaryleakedthesecretreporttothepress?

A.beoverthemoonB.laughhisheadoff

C.beallearsD.flyoffthehandle

6.—Wasn'tJoansupposedtobeherebynow?(2018天津卷1)

一.Shewillbehereinabouttwentyminutes.

A.AllrightB.Don'tworry

C.NowonderD.Enjoyyourself

7.一I'mmovinginafewdaysandIwonderifyoucouldhelp.(2018天津卷5)

一.Justletmeknowwhen,andI'llbethere.

A.YoubetB.Itdepends

C.ForgetitD.Nokidding

8.——WhatdoesthestuffonyourT-shirtmean?

—It'snothing.Justsomething.(2017江苏卷33)

A.asclearasday

B.offthetopofmyhead

C.undermynose

D.beyondmywildestdreams

9.—GoingtowatchtheWomen'sVolleyballMatchonWednesday?(2017江苏卷

35)

—!Willyougowithme?

A.YouthereB.Youbet

C.YougotmeD.Youknowbetter

10.——Albert'sbirthdayisonnextSaturday,andI'mplanningasurprisepartyforhim.

—.I'llbringsomewine.(2017天津卷1)

A.SoundslikefunB.Itdepends

C.JustaminuteD.Youarewelcome

三、介词(短语)

【考点及解题技巧】

1.要认真掌握好常用介词的主要用法及动词与介词的搭配,这是高考的重点,也是难

点。

2.在具体的题目中,要首先判断考查方式,是考查介词辨析,还是带介词的定语从句

中的介词的选用,判断后再做具体分析。

3.介词分类:(1)简单介词;(2)合成介词,如into,throughout,within;(3)短

语介词,如becauseof,accordingto,insteadof;(4)双重介词,frombehind,till

after,inbetween;(5)分词介词,Wincluding,concerning,considering(就...而

论);(6)兼类介词(由形容词转换而来,如like,unlike,opposite)(.

4.介词短语的作用:定语、状语、表语和补足语。

5.必须掌握相同或相似概念的表示时间的介词(短语)的区别:in/on/at;since/for

/from;in/after;intheend/attheendof/bytheendof;between/amongo

6.表示地点位置的介词(短语)的辨析:in/on/to;in/into;through/across;inthe

corner/onthecorner/atthecorner;beside/besides;besides/except/but/exceptfor;

exceptfor/exceptthat/exceptwhen/exceptwhere。

7.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别:bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严

格/bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格;beabsentfrom缺席/beabsentin不在这里而在;be

afraidof担心/beafraidfor为...担心;beangrywithsb.对某人生气/beangryat或

aboutsth.因某事而生气;bepopularwithsb.受...欢迎/bepopularfor因....而流行;be

goodat擅长于/begoodto对...友好或态度好/begoodfor对....有益;bedifferent

from与...不同/bedifferentto不关心;befamiliarwith精通,熟悉/befamiliarto为....

熟知。

8.with复合结构:with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定

式。

9.with复合结构句法作用:(1)定语;(2)状语可表示伴随/原因/时间/条件/结果。

10.容易混淆的含介词固定搭配的词组:(1)差一冠词,大相径庭。如infrontof/inthe

frontof;inchargeof/inthechargeof;outofquestion/outofthequestion;attable/atthe

table。(2)有无介词,意义不同。如knowsb./knowaboutsb.;shootsb./shootatsb.;search

sb./searchforsb.;believesb./believeinsb.o(3)画蛇添足,误加介词。如servethe

people为人民服务(易加for);marrysb.与某人结婚(易加with);followme跟在我后面/

跟我学(易加behind);goabroad出国(易加to)。(4)母语思维,误用介词。如becaught

intherain(易用by);setanexampletosb.(易用for);leaveforNanjing(易用to);doa

favorforsb.(易用to)。

【小试牛刀】

1.Favorablepoliciesaretoencourageemployees'professional

development.(2019江苏卷27)

A.ineffectB.incommand

C.inturnD.inshape

2_alltheproblems,severaloftheplayersproducedexcellent

performances.(2019天津卷5)

A.AccordingtoB.Insteadof

C.InadditiontoD.Inspiteof

3.China'ssoftpowergrowstheincreasingappreciationandunderstanding

ofChinaglobally.(2018江苏卷33)

A.inlinewithB.inreplyto

C.inreturnforD.inhonorof

4.一Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.

—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesday

afternoon.(2018北京卷14)

A.forB.on

C.inD.at

5.Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthe

went.(2018天津卷11)

A.atfirstB.afterall

C.aboveallD.atrandom

6.Determiningwhereweareoursurroundingsremainsanessentialskill

foroursurvival.(2017江赫卷32)

A.incontrasttoB.indefenseof

C.infaceofD.inrelationto

7.—WhatdoesthestuffonyourT-Shirtmean?

—It'snothing.Justsomething.(2017江苏卷33)

A.asclearasday

B.offthetopofmyhead

C.undermynose

D.beyondmywildestdreams

8.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealivingfishingindustry.

(2017北京卷35)

A.atB.in

C.onD.by

9.WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwill

betreesthatareover1,000yearsold.(2017天津卷12)

A.amongB.against

C.behindD.below

10.Moreefforts,asreported,intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply

sidestructuralreform.

A.aremadeB.willbemade

C.arebeingmadeD.havebeenmade

四、词汇辨析

【考点及解题技巧】

1.根据定义法找词义:提示词为thatis…,refersto...,isreferredtoas...,is或

arecalled,定语从句,同位语从句等,可根据其后面的已知信息来推断前面生词的词义。

2.根据重述(扩展)法找词义:提示词为thatis...,or...,putinanotherway...o

3.根据句中提供的举例或类比来判断答案,提示词为forexample,forinstance,such

as,like,eg.等。

4.根据题干中的介词或副词寻找与其成为正确搭配的词为答案。

5.根据上下文相关信息的暗示找出答案。

6.根据用词特点来选词:要考虑到词的褒贬色彩,动词的及物与不及物,主动与被动

的用法,动宾搭配等。

7.仔细辨析近义词的细微差别,找出最合适的答案。

8.辨析相似词的词义,找出正确答案。

9.根据句中所提供的同义词或反义词来判断答案。

【小试牛刀】

1.Nowadaysthefortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.

(2019江苏卷26)

A.priorityB.potential

C.proportionD.pension

2.Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,man'sintelligence

andcreativity.(2019江苏卷34)

A.resemblingB.reflecting

C.reviewingD.restoring

3.Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadea(n)onour

livesinmanyways.(2019天津卷7)

A.statementB.impact

C.impressionD.judgment

4.Kidsshouldn'thaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymightthethings

theysee.(2018江苏卷22)

A.indicateB.investigate

C.imitateD.innovate

5.Thethatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspired

scientiststoexploretheouterspace.(2018天津卷6)

A.adviceB.order

C.possibilityD.invitation

6.Ittookhimalongtimetotheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.

(2018天津卷8)

A.displayB.acquire

C.teachD.test

7.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpyour

yearahead.(2017江赛卷30)

A.shapeB.switch

C.stretchD.sharpen

8.—Canyoutellusyourforhappinessandalonglife?

一Livingeverydaytothefull,definitely.

A.recipeB.record

C.rangeD.receipt

9.Hedidn'teasily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadvicefora

worthycause.

A.approachB.wrestle

C.compromiseD.communicate

10.I'mgoingtoadvantageofthistourtoexplorethehistoryofthecastle.

A.putB.make

C.takeD.give

五、非谓语动词

【考点及解题技巧】

1.表达将来要发生的事情时通常用不定式作主语,而表达一般情况、习惯性动作时用

动名词作主语。

2.在用it作形式主语的句子中通常用不定式作真正主语,但值得注意的是在个别情况

下用动名词。如Itis/wasnouse/gooddoingsth.;Itis/wasnotanyuse/gooddoingsth.;

Itis/wasoflittleuse/gooddoingsth.。

3.表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等意思的名词作主语时,其表^常用不定式。

4.动名词作表语,表示抽象概念,指“身份、职业”等。

5.动名词作表语时可以和主语互换。如MyjobisteachingsTeachingismyjob.而现

在分词帮助构成进行时则不能和主语互换。如I'mteaching.

6.interest,excite,astonish,surprise,puzzle,disappoint,encourage,move,

shock,inspire等及物动词用作表语时,要看其与主语的关系。如果是主动关系,则用ing

形式,表示主语的特征;如果是被动关系用done形式表示主语的状态。如Thenewswas

astonishing.Wewereastonished(bythenews).

7.跟不定式作宾语的及物动词有afford,agree,dare,decide,expect,fail,hope,

intend,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish。星R动名词作宾

语的及物动词可组成个顺口溜:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想,避免错过继续练,否

认完成就欣赏,禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。另外要特别关注以下几个词后接不定

式和动名词的区别:remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop»

8.不定式有否定式nottodo;有进行式tobedoing;有完成式tohavedone;有被动

式tobedone。

9.分词作状语在意义上相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、让步的意义时

常放在句首;表示结果、行为方式和伴随状语时常放在句末。

10.现在分词常表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态;而动名词则表示所修饰成分的用途、

性质等。试比较:asleepingchild(Thechildissleeping表示状态)甜睡的孩子;asleeping

car(acarforsleeping表示用途)卧车。

【小试牛刀】

1.theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtouse

smartphones.(2019江苏卷30)

A.ToenjoyB.Enjoying

C.TohaveenjoyedD.Enjoy

2.China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountriesitsrolein

internationalaffairs.(2019江苏卷32)

A.recognizingB.beingrecognized

C.toberecognizedD.recognized

3.tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthe

future.(2019天津卷4)

A.LearnB.Learned

C.LearningD.Havinglearned

4.Mostcollegesnowofferfirstyearstudentsacoursespeciallytohelp

themsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.(2019天津卷10)

A.designedB.designing

C.todesignD.beingdesigned

5.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,theexpected

numberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.(2018江苏卷26)

A.havingexceededB.toexceed

C.exceededD.exceeding

6.alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

(2018北京卷3)

A.TravelB.Traveling

C.HavingtraveledD.Traveled

7.DuringtheMidAutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogethera

meal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.(2018」匕京卷6)

A.shareB.toshare

C.havingsharedD.shared

8.Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018

北京卷10)

A.usedB.touse

C.usingD.use

9.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph.(2018天

津卷7)

A.takingB.taken

C.beingtakenD.take

10.Ididn'tmeananythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn't

helpit.(2018天津卷12)

A.toeat;totryB.eating;trying

C.eating;totryD.toeat;trying

六、形容词和副词

【考点及解题技巧】

1.修饰复合不定代词nobody,anybody,anyone,anything,nothing,some,

every等时,形容词放在后面修饰。

2.以a开头的形容词一般只能作表语。如afraid,alone,alike,awake,asleep,

alive等。

3.大部分形容词加ly可构成副词,但friendly,lonely,lovely,likely,lively等仍

为形容词。

4.有些词有两种副词形式,但意义不同。如late迟到/lately近来;hard努力地/hardly

几乎不;sharp用于钟点的后面表示"整"/sharply急剧地;free免费/freely自由地;just正好/

justly公正地;close亲密的,靠近的/closely认真地,仔细地;deep(具体)/deeply(抽

象);high(具体)/highly(抽象);wide(具体)/widely(抽象)。

5.有些以ly结尾的词既是形容词,又是副词。如daily,weekly,monthly,early

等。

6.多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限观形年色国材,如twobeauUfullargeold

brownandwhiteGermanglassbeermugs»

7.farther较远,更远;further进一步。elder指兄弟姐妹中的长者,eldest指兄弟姐妹

中最大的,older指年龄"大如Nofurtherdiscussionisnecessary.没有必要作进一步讨

论。Hiseldestsisteristenyearsolderthanhe.他的大姐姐比他大十岁。

8.原级比较分为肯定句as...as;否定句notso/as...as;thesame...as,一般接名词、

介词或相关短语;AistoBwhat/asCistoD。如Readingistothemindwhat/asexercise

istothebody.读书对思想,好比运动对于身体一样。

9.比较级比较常用结构:"比较级+than"和"not...than/lessthan";"比较级+and+比较级"

在句中可作定语、表语和状语,表示“愈来愈”;“the+比较级…,the+比较级”表示“越……

越……\

10.比较级形式表示最高级含义:"比较级+than+anyother+可数名词单数、theother+

复数名词、anyoftheother+复数名词”结构表示“比同一范围的任何一个人或物都……”,如:

Tomismuchclevererthananyotherstudentinhisclass.

【小试牛刀】

1.Unliketraditionalgyms,appbackedgymsofferpeopleoptionsto

exercise.(2019江苏卷28)

A.casualB.regular

C.flexibleD.tight

2.Adog'seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitisestablished.

(2019天津卷15)

A.properlyB.widely

C.originallyD.temporarily

3.Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanageristoinvestin

sufficienttrainingforhisstaff.(2018江苏卷34)

A.keenB.reluctant

C.anxiousD.ready

4.OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smartphonesdefeatedPCsin

sales.(2017江苏卷29)

A.controversialB.contradictory

C.confidentialD.conventional

5.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomical

incidents.Butexplanationsarehardtofind.(2017江苏卷34)

A.alternativeB.aggressive

C.ambiguousD.apparent

6.—IwanttoseeMr.White.Wehaveanappointment.(2017天津卷3)

一I'msorry,butheisnotatthemoment,forthemeetinghasn'tended.

A.busyB.active

C.concernedD.available

7.Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemoststatementsofhow,

andonwhatbasis,dataarecollected.

A.explicitB.ambiguous

C.originalD.arbitrary

8.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,ifyouaretraveling

athighspeed.

A.eventuallyB.strangely

C.merelyD.especially

9.Inthisarticle,youneedtobackupgeneralstatementswithexamples.

A.specificB.permanent

C.abstractD.universal

10.Itismoreimportantthatsheshouldbefreesheshouldlivealuxurious

life.

A.thanB.that

C.morethanD.thanthat

七、短语动词和动词词组

【考点及解题技巧】

1.同一个短语动词在初高中阶段的不同意思。

2.常见的短语动词辨析。

3.注意短语动词中动词本身的意思以及后面的介词的意思,有的需要延伸义。如:

breakdown出故障;cometo(oneself)苏醒。

4.注意短语动词中动词本身的意思以及后面的副词的意思,有的需要延伸义。如:come

across碰见;takeafter相像。

5.注意短语动词中动词本身的意思以及后面+副词+介词的意思,有的需要延伸义。如:

putupwith容忍,忍受;doawaywith消除,去掉。

6.考查同根短语动词的辨析。

7.考查同根介词或副词的短语动词的辨析。

8.考查"动词+名词”构成的动词词组的辨析。如takeplace=happen;loseheart=feel

discouragedo

9.考查“动词+名词+(特殊)介词”构成的动词词组的辨析。如makeuseof利用;giverise

to引发。

【小试牛刀】

1.Morewindpowerstationswilltomeetthedemandforcleanenergy.

(2019江苏卷24)

A.takeupB.clearup

C.holdupD.springup

2.Kateheardaman'svoiceinthebackground,butshecouldn'twhathe

wassaying.(2019天津卷9)

A.setasideB.takeback

C.makeoutD.keepoff

3.DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicproject

whichaclearroadmapandtimetable.(2018江苏卷25)

A.callsforB.callson

C.callsoffD.callsup

4.AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyheas

shewassoconfidentaboutherskills.(2018天津卷3)

A.gaveinB.dressesup

C.brokeinD.turnedup

5.WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahasthebestinherasadoctor.

(2017江赫卷25)

A.heldoutB.broughtout

C.pickedoutD.givenout

6.Mr.andMrs.Brownwouldliketoseetheirdaughter,getmarried,and

havekids.(2017天津卷5)

A.settledownB.keepoff

C.getupD.cutin

7.Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavethankstothe

comfortableclimateorbusinesscreation.

A.fallenoffB.takenoff

C.turnedoffD.leftoff

8.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotheopportunitytojoin

sportsteams.

A.gainadmissiontoB.keeptrackof

C.takeadvantageofD.giveriseto

9.Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutfinallysheher

opiniononthesubject.

A.gavevoicetoB.keptaneyeon

C.turnedadeafearofD.setfooton

10.Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I'malwaystoobusytoa

conversationwithher.

A.carryonB.breakinto

C.turndownD.cutoff

八、名词从句

【考点及解题技巧】

1.一般情况下,只要是从句,用陈述句语序。

2.用it作形式主语,常用句型有(1)lt+be+形容词(true,obvious,good,natural,

surprising,wonderful,funny)+that从句。(2)lt+be+名词词组(agoodthing,a

pity,nosurprise,nowonder,anhonor)+that从句。(3)It+be+过去分词(said,

reported,thought,believed,expected,decided,arranged,announced)+that

从句。

3.考查宾语从句的热点在于(1)that可以省略;当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语

从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略;由it作形式宾语时,that不可省略。

(2)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有say,see,know,tell,show,think,

consider,discover,imagine,besure,becertain,beafraid,beglad等。

4.在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式

宾语。

5.由that引导的宾语从句仅能直接跟在except,in,but,besides等少数几个介

词后作宾语。有时在that从句前加形式宾语。如Youmayrelyonitthateverythingwillbe

readybyMonday.

6.当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,assume等时,如果宾语从句是

否定式,通常将主句谓语改为否定式而将宾语从句变为肯定式。如Idon'tthinkthatwetwo

havemetbefore.

7.考查表语从句的热点是当主语是reason时,表语从句用that引导,不要误用

because,如ThereasonwhyIplantogoisthatshe'llbedisappointedifIdon't.

8.可跟同位语从句的常用名词有:fact,idea,news,belief,hope,conclusion,

thought,opinion,discovery等。

9.whether可引醇主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,而if只能引导宾语从

句。

10.that引导定语从句时,在从句中担任成分而that引导同位语从句时,在从句中不担

任成分。如Thenewsthathegotthereistrue.句法分析(1)get为vt.,that在从句中

担任get的宾语,所以是定语从句,句意:“他在那里得到的消息是真实的。"(2)get为

vi„that在从句中不担任成分,所以是同位语从句,句意:“他到达那里的消息是真实的。”

【小试牛刀】

1.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidenceplasticisfindingitswayintothe

humanbody.(2019江苏卷25)

A.whatB.that

C.whichD.where

2.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichiswearrived.(2018江赫

卷21)

A.whereB.when

C.whyD.how

3.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.(2018北京卷11)

A.howB.when

C.whereD.why

4.Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopefor

thebest.(2018北京卷15)

A.howB.which

C.thatD.what

5.Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.

(2018天津卷9)

A.whomeverB.wherever

C.whoeverD.whatever

6.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,half

ofitusedtocharge.(2017江苏卷26)

A.thatB.which

C.whatD.how

7.Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKite

Festival.(2017北京卷23)

A.whateverB.whoever

C.whomeverD.whichever

8.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetreelinedstreet,notknowingshewas

heading.(2017北京卷26)

A.whyB.where

C.howD.when

9.SheaskedmeIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmitted

thatIhadn't.(2017天津卷4)

A.whenB.where

C.whetherD.what

10.Itisoftenthecaseanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.

A.whyB.what

C.asD.that

九、定语从句

【考点及解题技巧】

1.当先行词是人的时候,用关系代词who(主语),whom(宾语),whose(定语)

和that(主语或宾语)引导定语从句。

2.当先行词是物的时候,用关系代词whose(定语),that(主语或宾语)和which

(主语或宾语)引导定语从句。

3.当先行词是表示时间的词,用关系副词when(状语)引导定语从句。

4.当先行词是表示地点的词,用关系副词where(状语)引导定语从句。

5.当先行词是reason,用关系副词why(状语)引导定语从句。

6.不能用which引导只能用that的三种情况:(1)先行词是all,nothing,anything,

everything,something;(2)先行词里面有形容词最高级;(3)先行词被万rst,last,

little,only,few,much修饰。

7.非限制性定语从句不能用that和why引导。

8.当先行词是两个并列的名词且分别表示人和物时,修饰这两个名词的定语从句要用

that引导。

9.关系代词(5个)和关系副词(3个)中只有作宾语的whom,that和which可以

省略。

10.as可以引导限制性定语从句,主要用于“such...as”和“thesameas”结构中,在从

句中作主语、宾语和表语。as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,如果修饰整个主句时,从句

可以放在主句之前、之后或者插在之间,而which只能放在后面。

【小试牛刀】

1.Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofcoming

true.(2019江苏卷21)

A.whichB.what

C.whenD.that

2.Theirchildisatthestageshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfull

sentences.(2019天津卷11)

A.whyB.where

C.whichD.what

3.SelfdrivingisanareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesame

startingline.(2018江苏卷23)

A.thatB.where

C.whichD.when

4.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.(2018北京卷

5)

A.whichB.who

C.asD.that

5.Kate,sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgoneto

workinAustralia.(2018天津卷2)

A.whomB.that

C.whoseD.her

6.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgram,oneofpurposesisto

relieveworldwidestarvation.(2017江苏卷28)

A.whichB.its

C.whoseD.whom

7.Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsfor

greatinventions.(2017北京卷31)

A.thatB.as

C.whereD.when

8.Myeldestson,worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthe

moment.(2017天津卷9)

A.thatB.whose

C.hisD.who

9.Manyyoungpeople,mostwerewelleducated,headedforremote

regio

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