2022届 高考英语一轮复习 真题的角度分析阅读理解

2021高考英语真题的角度分析阅读理解

阅读理解的题型：

1.直接信息题

例子：2020-甲卷

Takeaview,theLandscape（风景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlie

Waite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandard

oftentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybest

photographyoftheBritishlandscape.Takeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionfor

photographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.

1.WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?

A.Writers.B.Photographers.

C.Painters.D.Tourists.

2.归纳概括题（对文中的多个信息点进行总结）

例子：2021-甲卷

PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding（繁育）programme,haswelcomedthearrivalof

arareblackrhinocalf（犀牛幼崽）.WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31.Shebecame

the40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththe

newarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity（圈养）.

PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:"Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelighted

towelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She*shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplay

andexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It*sstillalittle

toocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthat

thelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.'1

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobomthisyearatthereserve,butitistoo

earlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.

ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisima

andweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbomatthe

reserveandstilllivethere.

6.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?

A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary,

B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces..

C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers,

D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.

3.语义转换题

例子：2021-乙卷

HostelAlessandroPalace

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceis

fun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.

There'salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.

2.Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostel

DesArtistes.

4.数字计算题

例子：

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugely

uneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymany

people,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200

languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,of

whichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位数）of

speakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeople

thanthat.

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400.

C.About2,400.D.About1,200.

阅读理解干扰项的设置方法

1.偷换概念

把原文中的限定词去掉或者换成别的词，使得干扰项看似很接近，实则大相径庭。

例子：2021-甲卷

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistoo

earlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.

ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaand

weighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserve

andstilllivethere.

AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslow

as5500,givingtherhinosa"criticallyendangered"status.

7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?

A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

此题中的C选项就是典型的偷换概念，原文中只是说WorldWildlifeFund说了一个观

点，并没有说WorldWildlifeFund.和PortLympneReserve在合作.

2.张冠李戴

例子：2020.北京

(1)Checkoutabook.

Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,you'llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhatever

you5relookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.Viasuchnetworks,libraries

sharetheirbookswitheachotherthroughtheuseofdeliveryavehicles.Oncethebookyou've

requestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubye-mail,soyoucanpickit

up.

36.Publiclibrariesconnectedbyacooperativenetworkbenefitreadersby__.

A.sharingtheirbooksontheInternet

B.givingaccesstoonlinereadingatalibrarybranch

C.sendinganeededbooktoalibrarybranchnearby

D.makingthecheckoutproceduresdiverse

如果此题选择A选项，则忽略了题目问的对象，即readers；因为A选项的动作是library

发出的，B选项才是针对readers的

2021-甲卷

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythan

boystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性另ij）are“really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudy

foundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildren

whoare"really,reallysmart.,,Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouraged

andgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.

此题中的A选项就是张冠李戴,原文中说的是membersoftheirgender同性别的其他人，

选项中说的是他们自己，对象就不一致。

3.未发生的事情当做已经发生

4.文不对题（答非所问）

比如题目问的是需要推理的某一信息，而选项的确给出了文章的一个细节事实，但不符

合题目要求。

例子：2021-乙卷

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotionalintelligence.Many

peoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson's

makeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mental

stability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontribute

tosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.

12.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson\mind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.

此题中的c选项就是答非所问，题目问的是对情商的误解，而c在原文中的确有，但它

回答的是情商的内容。

5.无中生有

例子：2021-甲卷

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reall

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewill

seethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.

Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅

力），andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."

14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors*concepts.

D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.

此题中的BCD在定位段均是无中生有。

6.正反混淆

例子：2021-乙卷

HotelandHoslelDesArtistes

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystation

andifsclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providing

youwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,

youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.

3.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.Ifs

inconvenientlylocated.

此题中的D选项就和原文相反，原文地理位置优越，而D说地理位置差。

2021-乙卷

“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,Mshelaughed."He'sinterestedinthemusic,feeling

everynote,andIhavetosay:'Turn,turn!'"RobertisthebestpageturnerI'vehadinmyentire

7.WhyisMsRaspopova'shusband“theworsepageturner”？

A.Hehasverypooreyesight.B.Heignorestheaudience.

C.Hehasnointerestinmusic.D.Heforgetstodohisjob.

此题中的C选项就和原文相反。

7.过分绝对

例子：2019-3

"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook/saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyand

fashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenare

notjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.MOfcourse,onlyaretoday'stop

WesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashion

arethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,

MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.

25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?

A.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.

C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.

例子：2020•天津

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesame

wayspotlights（聚光灯）areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesection

ofastage;similarly,a"spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbe

usefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattract

customers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthe

menu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directed

soundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.

36.Directedsoundcanbeusedfor

A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenusB.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstage

C.differentchoicesofmusicforbusinessesD.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer

8.扩大范围

9.因果倒置

10.常识判断（并不是符合常识即为正确答案，一定看原文中）

11.偏离中心

例子2020-天津

Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifference

betweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihave

neverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwho

hadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.

Together,thesedeephumanurges（驱策力）countformuchmorethanambition.Galileo

wasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningTowerat

Pisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousand

askedindiscontent,"Why?Why?Why?"

36.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?

A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.

B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.

C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.

D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.

此题中的B选项就是偏离主题，从第一段能看出文章重点想探讨好奇和不满足于现状对

成功的影响，而非探讨科学家们有什么特征。

12.变换词性

阅读理解正确选项的设置特点

1.换词法（同义替换）

例子：2021.乙卷

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethat

suchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itis

ourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）from

whichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothhead

andheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

最后一段在说hope希望，即展望未来

2.简化语言法

例子：2021-乙卷

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotionalintelligence.

Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesir