新教材2023高中英语Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionSectionIILearningAboutLanguage课件新人教版选择性必修第三册

SectionⅡ

LearningAboutLanguage

直接引语和间接引语一、概念直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。例:Hesaid,“Itistoolate.”间接引语:用自己的话转述他人的话,多数情况下以宾语从句的形式呈现。例:Hesaidthatitwastoolate.二、直接引语和间接引语的转换规则1.人称的变化【观察思考】▶Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”→Shesaidshewashungry.▶Mumsaidtome,“Youcancleanyourbedroomtomorrow.”→MumtoldmethatIcouldcleanmybedroomthenextday.▶MrSmithsaid,“Heisagoodworker.”→MrSmithsaidthathewasagoodworker.【探究总结】(1)直接引语中的第一人称(如I、me、my、mine、we、us、our、ours)变为间接引语时应与主句中的________保持一致。

(2)直接引语中的第二人称(you、your、yours)变为间接引语时,应与主句中的________保持一致,若主句中无宾语,可根据上下文确定一个宾语。

(3)直接引语中的第三人称(he、him、his、she、her、hers、it、its、they、them、their、theirs)变为间接引语时,人称不变。答案:

(1)主语(2)宾语人称变化规则一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。【应用实践】句型转换。①Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthat________likeditverymuch.

②Hesaidtome,“Youtoldmethisstory.”→Hetoldmethat________hadtold________thatstory.

③Hesaidtome,“She'sleftherbookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethat________hadleft________bookinmyroom.

答案:

①he②Ihim③sheher2.时态的变化【观察思考】▶“Iamverygladtovisityourschool,”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshewasverygladtovisitourschool.▶Peoplesaid,“Wewereshockedbythenewsphotoofadeadpolarbear.”→Peoplesaidthattheyhadbeenshockedbythenewsphotoofadeadpolarbear.▶Tomsaid,“I'll

doitafterclass.”→Tomsaidthathewoulddoitafterclass.▶Theboysaid,“I'mlearningEnglish.”→TheboysaidthathewaslearningEnglish.▶Mothersaid,“Ihavenotwashedyourshirt.”→Mothersaidthatshehadnotwashedmyshirt.▶Theboysaid,“IhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforewatchingTV.”→TheboysaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforewatchingTV.【探究总结】(1)如果主句是一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句在时态方面要做相应的变化。具体变化见下表:直接引语间接引语一般现在时①______一般过去时②______一般将来时③______现在进行时④______现在完成时⑤______过去完成时⑥______答案:

(1)①一般过去时②过去完成时③过去将来时④过去进行时⑤过去完成时⑥过去完成时(2)下面几种情况,直接引语变间接引语时,时态不发生变化:①直接引语如果是科学真理、名言警句或谚语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。②直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。③如果主句是一般现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态通常不变。【应用实践】句型转换。①Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”→Tomsaidthatthey________________tothepopmusic.

②Theexpertsaid,“Wehumanbeingscansavethepolarbearsfromextinction.”→Theexpertsaidthatwehumanbeings________________thepolarbearsfromextinction.答案:

①werelistening②couldsave③Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”→Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomen________equalunderthelaw.

④“Itookthelittlebirdhome,”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshe________________thelittlebirdhome.

⑤MrLisaid,“I'llleaveforShanghai.”→MrLisaidthathe________________forShanghai.

答案:

③are④hadtaken⑤wouldleave3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化【观察思考】▶Thelawyersaid,“Iwillcomethismorning.”→Thelawyersaidthatshe/hewouldgothatmorning.▶Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.▶Shesaid,“Itisnineo'clocknow.”→Shesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.▶Bobsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”→Bobsaidthathissisterhadbeenherethreedaysbefore/earlier.▶Davidsaid,“Ihaven'tseenhertoday.”→Davidsaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.▶Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”→Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.▶Shesaid,“I'llgotheretomorrow.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext/followingday.▶Thecaptainsaid,“Theywillarrivethedayaftertomorrow.”→Thecaptainsaidthattheywouldarriveintwodays'time.▶Shesaid,“Icameheretoseethedoctorthedaybeforeyesterday.”→Shesaidthatshehadgonetheretoseethedoctortwodaysbefore/earlier.【探究总结】用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this①______

these②______

时间状语now③______

ago④______

today⑤______

yesterday⑥______

tomorrow⑦______

thedayaftertomorrow⑧______

thedaybeforeyesterday⑨______

tonightthatnightlastnightthenightbeforenextweekthenext/followingweekthismorningthatmorning地点状语here⑩______

方向性动词come⑪______bringtake答案:

①that②those③then④before/earlier⑤thatday⑥thedaybefore⑦thenext/followingday⑧intwodays'time⑨twodaysbefore/earlier⑩there⑪go【应用实践】句型转换。①MrLisaid,“Thisismyseat.”→MrLisaidthat________washisseat.

②MissZhaosaid,“Theseproblemsareeasy.”→MissZhaosaidthat________problemswereeasy.

③Shesaid,“Ihaven'tfinishedmyworktoday.”→Shesaidthatshehadn'tfinishedherwork________________.答案:

①that②those③thatday④Tomsaid,“IwillvisittheGreatWalltomorrow.”→TomsaidthathewouldvisittheGreatWall________________________.

⑤Bobsaid,“Mywifereturned40minutesago.”→Bobsaidthathiswifehadreturned40minutes________.

⑥Shesaidtome,“I'llbringtheboysheretohelpyouthisafternoon.”→Shetoldmethatshewould________theboys________tohelpme________________.答案:

④thenext/followingday⑤before/earlier⑥taketherethatafternoon4.句式变化【观察思考】▶Tomsaidtome,“IhavebeentoJapantwice.”→TomtoldmethathehadbeentoJapantwice.▶Hesaid,“Doyouknowthereasonforglobalwarming?”→Heaskedif/whetherweknewthereasonforglobalwarming.▶“WhyhasEarthgotwarmerandwarmer?”heasked.→HeaskedwhyEarthhadgotwarmerandwarmer.【探究总结】(1)如果直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,常变成由连接词________引导的宾语从句,该词在从句中不作成分,在口语中可以省略。主句谓语saidto常改为told。

(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或附加疑问句时,间接引语中常用________或________引导。主句谓语said常改为________。(3)直接引语是特殊疑问句时,变为间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词引导,并将疑问语序变为________语序。其余成分的变化遵循直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。

答案:

(1)that(2)ifwhetherasked(3)陈述【应用实践】句型转换。①Hesaid,“Iwillbedoingmyhomeworkthen.”→Hesaid________hewouldbedoinghishomeworkthen.

②“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.→Heasked________Ihadseenhertheweekbefore.

③“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.→Heaskedme________Ihadbeenthosedays.

答案:

①that②if/whether③where三、祈使句变间接引语1.基本变化规则【观察思考】▶Shesaidtous,“Pleasehavearest.”→Sheaskedustohavearest.▶Theoldmansaid,“Don'tsmokeinthehall.”→Theoldmantoldmenottosmokeinthehall.【探究总结】引述祈使句多采用“动词+宾语+带________的不定式”结构,如果祈使句为否定句,在不定式的前面加________或never。

答案:

tonot【应用实践】句型转换。①“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting,”hesaid.→Hetoldme________________careful________________handwriting.

②“Don'ttakeoffyourcoats,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetoldthechildren________________takeoff________coats.

③Fathersaid,“Don'tstayuplate,Lily.”→FathertoldLily________________stayuplate.

答案:

①tobewithmy②nottotheir③notto2.谓语动词的变化【观察思考】▶Fathersaidtome,“Openthewindow.”→Fathertoldmetoopenthewindow.▶“Nevercomehereagain!”theofficersaidtothevillagers.→Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.▶“Let'sgooutforawalk,”hesaidtous.→Headvisedustogooutforawalk.▶“Pleasepassmethatbook,”shesaidtoJohn.→SheaskedJohntopassherthatbook.【探究总结】(1)如果直接引语中的祈使句表示命令,变为间接引语时,引述动词需用________、________、command等。

(2)如果直接引语中的祈使句表示建议、劝告,变为间接引语时,引述动词需用________。

(3)如果直接引语中的祈使句表示请求,变为间接引语时,引述动词需用________、beg、request等。

(4)如果直接引语中的祈使句中有please或willyouplease,变为间接引语时,需将其去掉。答案:

(1)tellorder(2)advise(3)ask巧记祈