考点06翻译常考重点句型梳理及四字格专训春季高考英语冲刺总复习

考点06翻译常考重点句型梳理及四字格专训·模块一重点句型·模块二四字成语·模块三高考英语翻译中的常见错误·模块四20202022年春季高考真题特训·模块五2024届上海名校模考题特训模块一模块一重点句型考情分析高考英语中设立翻译题，是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中的汉译英多为简单句或简单的复合句，所考核的词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。历年考点近3年真题考点分布年份句子翻译考查重难点2023上海秋考as、which引导非限制性定语从句、现在完成时、宾语从句2023上海春考被动语态、状语从句、比较句型、therebe句型2022上海秋考非谓语、祈使句、状语从句、固定短语搭配、四字格意译2022上海春考句型：ithasbeen+时间段+since…、非谓语用法、强调句型、短语搭配2021上海秋考并列句、祈使句、非限制定语从句、四字格意译2021上海春考特殊句式、状语从句、定语从句、四字格的直译与意译年份句子翻译考查重难点2010形容词比较级；一般过去时；宾语从句；when引导的时间状语从句2011because引导的原因状语从句；时间状语从句；if引导的条状状语从句；定语从句；nolonger引导的倒装句2012一般过去时；It作形式主语引导主语从句；that/which引导定语从句；宾语从句；介词短语owingto2013一般过去时；as...as句型；which引导定语从句；时间状语从句nosooner...than；nosooner引导的倒装句2014形容词比较级；forfearthat引导的目的状语从句；while引导让步状语从句；It作形式主语引导主语从句2015If引导条件状语从句；介词+whom定语从句；inorderthat引导目的状语从句；what引导主语从句；现在完成时2016although引导的让步状语从句；themoment引导的时间状语从句；宾语从句2017春考非谓语动词；强调句型；比较级句型the+比较级+句子；therebe句型2017秋考It做形式主语；现在完成时；情态动词wouldrather2018春考祈使句；宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句2018秋考一般过去时；情态动词may；一般现在时和until引导时间状语从句2019春考强调句型；what引导的主语从句；whose引导的定语从句2019秋考How引导的感叹句；as引导的伴随状语从句；as...as句型；what引导的主语从句。2020春考As引导的方式状语从句；when引导的时间状语从句；it做形式宾语2020秋考substitute的用法；inorderthat引导的目的状语从句；when引导的时间状语从句；分词作状语及四字格翻译根据历年来的经验，上海高考中译英的考察点主要有以下十点：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、情态动词、词组及固定搭配、代词、介词、冠词等。本章主题将根据这十点及相关内容，具体叙述下上海高考英语中译英要翻译出“正确通顺句子”的技巧。上海高考翻译评分标准1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。据说新的微博用户注册时必须用实名的原因是保护网民的利益和提高网络的可信度。(register)Itissaidthatthereasonwhynewusersofmicroblogmustuserealnameswhentheyareregistering0.51.51istoprotectwebusers’interestsandimprovecredibilityofInternet.11知识点一：重点句型【知识梳理】1．倒装句型否定词及否定意思的短语位于句首Only+状语(介词、副词、从句)位于句首So/Such位于句首adj./adv./n./v.+as/though+S+V(让步状语从句)【典型例题】(Nolonger)【答案】Nolongerhasshekeptintouchwithussinceshewentabroadforfurtherstudy/education.(2013年高考）2.【答案】NosoonerhadshewatchedtheTVprogramontheextinctspeciesthanshemadeuphermindtojointhewildlifeprotectionorganization.2．Therebe句型常描述存在或有无的关系，有具体的时态和非谓语形式。Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todo...Thereisnodoubtthat...Thereisnosense/pointdoing...Thereisnopossibilitythat...Thereisnodenyingthat...【典型例题】pn)【答案】Isthereanypointliningupforthewholenightjusttobuyapairofsportsshoes?as译为“随着”as译为“正如”，用于非限制性定语从句as译为“虽然”表语／状语／谓语动词原形＋as＋主谓as…as像…一样…【典型例题】【答案】Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningachampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach.Asisintroducedinthebooklet/brochure/leaflet,thedriversheresharethehabitofpolitelygivingwayto/makingwayforpedestrians.Asthebrochureputit,allthedrivershereformthehabitofpolitelywaitingtillthepedestriansgo/cross(thestreet)first.4.形式主语或形式宾语it：常需要用形式主语来翻译的情况：It做形式主语（指代todo/doing/主语从句）（1）It’s+adj.+of/forsb.todosth.（2）Itsohappenedthat…（3）It’sreported/believed/estimatedthat…（4）在含有某些形容词的句子中，如important,necessary,impossible,natural,mon,strange等。（5）It’slikelythat…（6）Itisthefirst/secondtimethat…havedone；Itwasthefirsttimethat…haddone;Itis(high/about)timethat…did；Itistimeforsb.todosth.（7）Itisuptosbtodosth.【典型例题】1.(2010年高考）（once）allagreethatoncetheconclusionoftheinvestigationisdrawn,itwillbemadeknowntothepublicassoonaspossible.(It)【答案】Itisadifficultproblemforhighschoolstudentswhethertheycanresistthetemptationofonlinegames.it做形式宾语（指代todo/doing/宾语从句）find/feel/think/consider+it+adj./n.+（forsb)+todosth./that…makeitaruletodo/that…雷打不动。。。【典型例题】ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletovolunteerintheorphanageeveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingthekidshowtopapercutandknit.ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanageasvolunteerseveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingthekidstodopapercuttingandweaving/knitting.It用于强调句型（陈述，一般疑问，特殊疑问）【典型例题】ItwasnotuntilthelatetwentiethcenturythatChineseathletesbegantosurprisetheworldwiththeirexcellentperformancesattheOlympics.5.名词性从句what句型，译为“……的是”Whatmattersis...Whatimpresses/surprises/interestssb.is...Whatsbbeconcernedaboutis...【典型例题】)【答案】Whatmakesthegameuniqueisthatithelpschildrenlearnhowtocopewithproblemsinreallife.2.(2019年秋考））【答案】WhatonearthhasmotivatedXiaoenthusiasm/initiativetomajorinelectronicengineering?6.状语从句while,when,before和since句型while...，....虽然…但是（仍旧）…...,while.........,而……......was/weredoing...when...did...正在...这时突然.........hadhardlydone...when...did...一......就......Itwillbe/was+时段before+句子Itis/hasbeen+时段since+一般过去时的句子【典型例题】【答案】Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork,shewasfilledwith【例题精讲】例1.(It)Itisclaimedthatweightlosspillshaveaneffectiveandimmediateeffectandareharmless/donoharmtoourbutitisfarfromthetruth/case.例2.(beupto)It'suptoyouwhatkindoflifeyouwillleadinthefuture.【课堂练习】1.myparents'satisfaction,thediningroomofthisapartmentoverlookstheCenturyParkoppositethestreetandsoitiswiththesittingroom.或者WhatmakesmyparentsreallysatisfyisthattheycanseetheCenturyParkfromthediningroomofthisapartment,socantheyfromthelivingroom.2.（WhatisworthmentioningisthatunderMrs.（Mr.）Wang’sinfluencehercolleagueslaynotasmuchemphasisontheirkids’performanceasontheireffort.模块模块二四字成语知识点二：四字成语【知识梳理】上海20102020英语高考翻译中的成语（四字结构）2012翘首以盼belookingforwardto2013耳熟能详befamiliarto2016有朝一日；欣喜万分someday;befilledwithjoy2017立竿见影haveaneffectiveandimmediateeffect2019秋判若两人；遥不可及2020春雷打不动；昙花一现makeitarule;itdidn’tlastlong/itlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime2020秋春暖花开warmspringesandflowersblossom2021春空无一人蜿蜒流淌emptywinding2021秋不期而遇meetbychance2022秋悠闲惬意细水长流carefree/relaxing/leisurelyandpleasant/fortableeasywaterflowingoutinatrickletakesalongtimetoexhaust【例题精讲】例1.(2012高考）dnsrae)Attheexhibition,thepany’ssalesmanagerdemonstratedthenew(typeof)electronictoys(witch/that)childrenwerelookingforwardto.例2.（2013高考）far)Theperformancebeganwithapieceofclassicalmusicwhichwasfamiliartopeopleintheirfifties.例3.(2016高考）（hope）Ireallyhopethatmyarticlewillbepublishedinanewspapersomeday.【课堂练习】1.（2016高考）Theen…)Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork,shewasfilledwith(2019春考）（whose）Thismuseumisnotwellmanaged,whoseexhibitsarecoveredwithdust,andtherearefewvisitors,soeverythingisbadlyinneedofimprovement.或Themuseumwhosemanagementisreckless,whoseexhibitsarepiledwithdustandwhoselobbyisdeserted,requiresimmediateimprovement.（2019秋考）与他学生时代相比，那位士兵简直判若两人。（How）Howdifferentapersonthesoldiernowisfromwhathewasatschool!4.（2019秋考）随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那位业余自行车手的夺冠梦想不再遥不可及。（normal）Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningachampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach.模块模块三高考英语翻译中的常见错误知识点三：高考英语翻译中的常见错误【知识梳理】Checklist1使用了正确的动词时态2使用了正确的名词单复数3使用了正确的特/泛指4根据中文选择对应的英语句型5确认理解并表达出了中文句子的含义6确认使用了括号中提供的关键词7确认动词搭配中的非谓语，介词等【例题精讲】例1.（2010年高考）（therebe）Atfirstsight,thereisnothingspecialaboutthewatch,butinfactitisamobilephone.例2.(2011年高考）IoftenmistakeHaiforhistwinbrotherbecausetheylooksosimilar/verymuchalike.【课堂练习】1.(2012年高考）由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing)Owingtobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.2.（2013年高考）舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate)Myunclesentmeacardyesterdaytocongratulate/congratulatingmeonmy18thturn)Whilemodernrichinmaterialresources,hasgivenconsumersmorechoices,italsoturnsmanyofthemintocrazyshoppers.Streetartistshavebroughtbrilliantcolorstooldneighborhoodswiththeircreativity.(witness)ThelatetwentiethcenturywitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofIn/During/Overthepastthreeyears,hehasmittedhimself/hasbeenmittedallthetimetoresearching/studyingtherelationship/connectionbetweenthetransmissionspeedofinformationandtherhythm/paceofhumanlife.(2018年春考）Theyinsistedthattheyweren'tguiltyofrobbing/robberyincourt.（2018年秋考）（1）Momsetsthealarmclockringingeverysixhoursasaremindertotakeherbaby'stemperature.（2）Momsetsthealarmclockfor(once)everysixhoursasaremindertotakeherbaby'stemperature.（3）Momsetsupanalarmclockwhichgoesoffeverysixhoursasaremindertotakeherbaby'stemperature.模块模块四20202022年春季高考真题特训2022年1月春考Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets72他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出了。(since)【参考答案】Ithasbeendecadessincehesaw/witnessedsuchaspectacularsunrise.Hehasn'tseensuchamagnificentsunrisesincedecadesago.Decadeshaspassedsincehelastwitnessedtheimposing/glorious/splendid/impressive/spectacularsunrise考察句型：ithasbeen+时间段+since…73小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来的丰收。(sow)【参考答案】XiaoZhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterday,hopingforagoodharvestintheingyear.XiaoZhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterdayinanticipationofagoodharvestintheingyear.XiaoZhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterday,expectingagoodharvestnextyearXiaoZhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterday,lookingforwardtoagoodharvestintheingyear.XiaoZhangsowedinthefieldyesterday,in(the)hopeofhavingagoodharvestfortheingyear.考察不规则动词变化：sowsowedsown(sowed)考察同一句中多个动词的非谓语用法。74鉴于打车不熟悉的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(afew)【参考答案】Giventhattherearequiteafewseniorswhoarenotproficientincellphonecabs,thepanyoffersarangeofservicestomeettheirneeds.Consideringthattherearequiteafewelderlypeoplewhoareunfamiliarwiththeusageoftaxihailingapps,thepanyhasprovidedaseriesofservicestomeettheirneeds.Given(thefact)that/Inconsiderationofthefactthat/In(the)lightofthefactthat/Inviewofthefactthat/Considering(that)quiteafewelderlypeople/seniorcitizensareunfamiliarwith/arenotfamiliarwith/arenotskilledintakingataxiwithmobilephone/usingmobilephonetotakeataxi,thispanyoffers/provides/presents/furnishes/affords/suppliesaseriesof/arangeof/anarayofservicestorespondto/caterto/meet/satisfy/serve/answeraddresstheirneeds/demands.考察句型：“鉴于…”considering…;giventhat…;......考察短语：“不在少数”quiteafew75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It)【参考答案】Itisbecauseof/dueto/owningtothecustomerorientedconceptthatthislonglostmunitymallhasbeenabletoreturntothepubliceye.Itwasduetotheimplementationofcustomerorientedphilosophythatthedeserted/desolatedmunityshoppingmallwasbroughtbacktothepubliceye.Itwasbecauseoftheimplementationofthecustomeroriented/customerbasedcustomerfirst"principle/philosophythatthislongfailing/almostdeserted/deadsilent/lifelessmunityshoppingmallreturnedtopublic'sattention/regainedpublic'sattention/camebacktothesightofthepublic.考察句型:“正是因为…”的强调句表达；itis/was…that…考察短语：“顾客为本”：customeroriented；“落寞已久”：longneglected/desolated/deserted;“重回大众视野”：regainpublicattention/backtothepubliceye.2021年1月春考Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets72.羽毛球馆空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？(howe)【答案及解析】Thebadmintoncourt/hall/gym/stadiumisempty,but/andhowethelight(s)is/arestillon?Or:Howethelightisstillonwhenthereisnobodyinthebadmintonstadium.Or:There'snobodyinthebadmintonstadium.Howesthelightisstillon?此句中包含四字语“空无一人”,这里需要注意howe和why的去区别，特别是在口语化的场景下大量使用howe代替why，但是注意两者语序的差别，why后面是部分到状语序，而why是陈述语序。73.我花了三天时间画了一幅风景画，庆祝曾祖父的一百岁寿辰。(take)【答案及解析】Ittookmethreedaystopaintalandscapetocelebratemygreatgrandfather’s100thbirthday.Or:Ittookmethreedaystopaintalandscapetocongratulateonmygreatgrand100thbirthday.Or:Ittakesmethreedaystodrawalandscapetocelebratemygreatgrandfatherbirthday.此句中的“风景画”翻译为landscape，在考纲词汇中，是其第二个意思。take作为花费的句型表达：Ittakes/tooksbsometimetodosth，用it形式主语，不定式作真正主语。此外"曾祖父"翻译为

greatgrandfather。74.在太空遨游一周后，载人飞船安全着陆，那一刻，原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(Theinstant)【答案及解析】Theinstantthemannedspaceshiplandedsafelyafterflyinginspaceforaweek,thequietlaunchcentreexplodedwithjoyfulcheers.Theinstantthemannedspacecraftlandedsafelyafteraweek’stravelintheuniverse,thepreviouslysilentlaunchingcenterburstintogreatjoy.Theinstantthemannedspacecraftlandedsafelyafteraweek’stravelin

space,thepreviouslysilentlaunchingcenter

burstintogreatjoy.此句中有四字语“安全着路”翻译为landsafely。“一片欢腾”翻译为burstintogreatjoy由于提示词有大写字母，实际考查“一......就“引导的时间状语从句，用assoonas作为基本用法。assoonas...可译为一……就……，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。

Hewilleandseeyouassoonashecan.

他一有空就来看你。Herushedhomeassoonashegotthegoodnews.他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。同时这个结构用四种变形：（1）一……就……还可以用on/upondoing

结构来表示OnarrivinghomehecalledupLester.=Assoonashearrivedhome,hecalledupLester.（2）immediately/instantly/directly

相当于assoonas，从句中用一般过去时态。Theyphonedherimmediatelytheyreachedhome.

他一到家马上就给她打了。

IrecognizedherinstantlyIcaughtaglimpseofher.

我一看见她就把她认出来了。Wecamedirectlywegotyourtelephone.

我们一接到你的就赶来了。（3）themoment/theminute/theinstant/thesecond

这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句。

Hesaidhe'dturnonTVthemomenthegothome.

他说他一到家就打开电视机。TellhimIneedtoseehimtheminutehearrives.

告诉他，他一到我就要见他。Thesecondthebellrang,thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom.

铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。（4）hardly/scarcely…when;

nosooner…than这两个短语都表示刚……就……，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时。

Hehadnosoonerstartedoutthanhefelthomesick.

他刚出发就想起家来。Hehadhardlystartedhisspeechwhensomeonerosetorefutehispoints.他刚开始发言，就有人站起来反驳他的论点。注意：当hardly,scarcely,nosooner

位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。Hardlyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorwokeherup.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒。Nosoonerwasthefrostoffthegroundthantheworkbegan.

地上的霜一消散,

人们就开始工作了。75.这条小溪蜿蜒流淌，陪伴着世代居住的村民，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(pany)【答案及解析】Theriverthatwindsitsway,inthepanyofthevillagerswhohavelivedthereforgenerations,haswitnessedtheongoingchangesinthevillage.Thewindingriverhaskeptthevillagers’panywhohavelivedhereforgenerationsandwitnessedtherapidchangesofthevillage.Thewindingstreamisinpanywiththevillagersallthetimewhohavelivedhereforgenerations,witnessingtherapidchangesofthevillage.注意此句中的四字语“蜿蜒流淌”winding。wind的作为名词是风的意思，作为动词就是“蜿蜒前进”。“日新月异”

rapidchanges。此外就是提示词pany是名词，因为考纲里给的就是名词，我们首先想到的就是短语：keepsb’spany（变形为keeppanyofsb）或者inpanywith。这里个别人用pany动词，不过其可以作为动词是词典里面的用法，超出考纲范围，更为重要的是同学们还学到动词acpany表示陪伴，很少用到pany作为动词。这个作为名词，表示“陪伴”属于熟词生义现象。2020年1月春考Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets72. 我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate)Wereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialectWereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheeffort(that)theyhavemadetopreservetheShanghaidialect.Weappreciateitdeeply/alot/verymuchthattheyhavemadetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialect.分析：①非常：放前面可以用really/deeply/truly，放在句式句可用deeply/alot/verymuch②感谢：appreciate考纲主要给出了2种用法a.欣赏；赏识；重视——appreciatesb./sth.appreciateforeignliterature欣赏到外国文学原著Herfamilydoesn'tappreciateher.她的家人不重视她。b.感激；感谢；欢迎【本句翻译为此种用法，不可用Weappreciatethemfortheireffort......】appreciatesth.appreciateherhelp感激她的帮忙appreciatedoingsth.Idon'tappreciatebeingtreatedlikeasecondclasscitizen.我不愿被人当作二等公民。appreciate(sb.)(doing)sth.Wewouldappreciateyoulettingusknowofanyproblems.如有任何问题，请告诉我们。③上海方言为专有名词，前面必须加the，即：theShanghaidialect73.正如这本小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。(As)Asisintroducedinthebooklet/brochure/leaflet,thedriversheresharethehabitofpolitelygivingwayto/makingwayforthepedestrians.Thedriversherehaveagoodhabitofpolitelywaitingtillthepedestriansgo/cross(thestreet)first,asisintroducedinthisbooklet.①小册子可以写作：booklet/brochure/leaflet②正如小册子介绍的那样可写作：Asisintroducedinthebrochure或Asthebrochureputsit【更为地道，主语人、物均可】③as引导非限定性定语从句，也可放在开头或结尾74.每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(arule)ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletovolunteerintheorphanageeveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingthekidsskills/craftslikepapercuttingandweaving/knitting.Thosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingtheorphanstodopapercuttingandknitting.ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanageEveryWednesdayasvolunteerstoteach/show/demonstrate/instructthechildrenhowtocutpaperandknit.75.这首歌在今年艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。(when)Thesongbecame/wasahit/causedasensationforitsjoyful/cheerfulrhythmandwittystylewhen(itwas)firstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitisjustlikeaflashinthepan.WhenfirstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,thissongcausedasensationbecauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/foritscheerful*melodyandicstyle,butitdidn’tlastlong/butitlastedonly(for)averyshorttime/period.模块模块五2024届上海名校模考题特训汉译英（整句）1．（2023秋·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）艺术家与AI最大的区别在于：前者是将灵魂献祭给画布（canvas），而后者只是按照用户需求办事。（mand）(汉译英)【答案】Thebiggestdifferencebetweenanartistandartificialintelligenceisthattheformerdevoteshis/hersoultocanvaswhilethelatterissimplyattheuser’smand.【详解】考查表语从句，时态，固定短语和主谓一致。分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“某物与某物最大的区别”是thebiggestdifferencebetween...and...，“艺术家”是artist，AI是artificialintelligence，“前者是将灵魂献祭给画布，而后者只是按照用户需求办事”处理为表语从句，“前者”是theformer，“将……献祭给……”是devote...to...，theformer是单数，因此devote用第三人称单数，“灵魂”是soul，“画布”是canvas，“后者”是thelatter，“只是”是simply，“按照用户需求办事”是beattheuser’smand，thelatter是单数，因此be动词用is，前后者之间为对比，用并列连词while连接句子。故答案为Thebiggestdifferencebetweenanartistandartificialintelligenceisthattheformerdevoteshis/hersoultocanvaswhilethelatterissimplyattheuser’smand.2．（2023秋·上海·高三上海交大附中校考开学考试）这个小程序在图书馆的应用要归功于那个致力于搞科学研发的学生。（credit）【答案】Theapplicationofthisminiprograminthelibraryiscreditedtothestudentswhoarededicatedtoscientificresearchanddevelopment.【详解】考查固定短语、时态和定语从句。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，“这个小程序在图书馆的应用”翻译为Theapplicationofthisminiprograminthelibrary，“归因于”翻译为becreditedto，“学生”为students，作宾语，同时为定语从句的先行词，在定语从句中作主语，致力于为bededicatedto，后接scientificresearchanddevelopment“科学研发”作定语。故翻译为Theapplicationofthisminiprograminthelibraryiscreditedtothestudentswhoarededicatedtoscientificresearchanddevelopment.3．（2022秋·上海浦东新·高三校考期中）在公共交通工具上，应戴好口罩，与同乘者保持距离。（distance)(汉译英)【答案】Youshouldwearamaskandkeepadistancewithfellowpassengersonpublictransport.【详解】考查短语和情态动词。wearamask戴口罩；keepadistancewith与……保持距离；fellowpassengers同车的人；publictransport公共交通。情态动词should，表示“应该，应当”，后接动词原形。根据句意，故翻译为Youshouldwearamaskandkeepadistancewithfellowpassengersonpublictransport.4．（2023秋·上海·高三上海市进才中学校考阶段练习）这些难民们靠吃剩饭挣扎求生，亟需国际力量驰援。(desperate)【答案】Theserefugeesarestrugglingtosurvivebyeatingleftoverfood,andtheyaredesperateforinternationalassistance.【详解】考查动词和形容词。根据汉语提示，该句中表示“这些难民”用theserefugees；表示“挣扎求生”用struggletosurvive，此处表示现在正在发生，故使用现在进行时；表示“靠吃剩饭”用byeatingleftoverfood；同时表示“亟需……”用固定短语bedesperatefor；表示“国际力量驰援”用internationalassistance。故翻译为Theserefugeesarestrugglingtosurvivebyeatingleftoverfood,andtheyaredesperateforinternationalassistance.5．（2023秋·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）要是没有过硬的专业知识，求职者不可能在竞争激烈的就业市场上立足。（It）(汉译英)【答案】Itisimpossibleforjobseekerswithoutsolidprofessionalknowledgetohaveafootholdinthepetitivejobmarket.【详解】考查代词it，不定式和时态。分析句子可知，根据句意，描述事实用一般现在时，用固定句型：Itis+adj.+forsbtodosth.，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，形容词用impossible表示“不可能的”，jobseeker“求职者”，可数名词，表示泛指用复数，介词短语withoutsolidprofessionalknowledge“没有过硬的专业知识”作后置定语修饰jobseekers，动词不定式to后使用haveafoothold表示“立足”，状语inthepetitivejobmarket表示“在竞争激烈的就业市场上”，故答案为Itisimpossibleforjobseekerswithoutsolidprofessionalknowledgetohaveafootholdinthepetitivejobmarket.6．（2023秋·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）考虑到带纸质书太麻烦，我决定在这次旅行途中听音频书。（Given）(汉译英)【答案】Giventhatitistroublesometocarryprintedbooks,Idecidedtolistentoaudiobooksduringmytrip.【详解】考查短语、时态和状语从句。Given(that)译为：考虑到……；鉴于；如果……，引导的是条件状语从句。“做某事是麻烦的”用短语itistroublesometodosth.，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式“带纸质书”翻译为carryprintedbooks，从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，所以从句翻译为：Giventhatitistroublesometocarryprintedbooks。主句主语“我”是I，“决定做某事”用短语decidetodosth.；“听”用短语listento；“音频书”翻译为audiobook；“在这次旅行途中”翻译为duringmytrip。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为Giventhatitistroublesometocarryprintedbooks,Idecidedtolistentoaudiobooksduringmytrip.7．（2023秋·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）一座城市的视觉魅力某种程度上可以影响其宜居性。（appeal）(汉译英)【答案】Thevisualappealofacitycanaffectitslivabilitytosomeextent.【详解】考查短语和情态动词。“一座城市的视觉魅力”翻译为Thevisualappealofacity，在句中作主语；“可以”用情态动词动词can，后接动词原形；“影响其宜居性”翻译为affectitslivability；“某种程度上”用短语tosomeextent。根据句意，故翻译为Thevisualappealofacitycanaffectitslivabilitytosomeextent.8．（2023秋·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）直到那个替补在场上踢了几分钟后，人们才发现，这支球队缺乏的是活力、配合和积极性。(Notuntil;主语从句)(汉译英)【答案】Notuntilthesubstituteplayedinthefieldforseveralminutesdidpeoplefindwhattheteamlackedwasvigor,cooperationandinitiative.【详解】考查名词、部分倒装和主语从句。表示“替补”应用名词substitute；表示“缺乏”应用动词lack；表示“活力”应用名词vigor；表示“配合”应用名词cooperation；表示“积极性”应用名词initiative。根据题目要求，表示“直到……才……”应用notuntil引导时间状语从句，且将notuntil置于句首，句子用部分倒装；表示“这支球队缺乏的是活力、配合和积极性”应用what引导主语从句。故翻译为：Notuntilthesubstituteplayedinthefieldforseveralminutesdidpeoplefindwhattheteamlackedwasvigor,cooperationandinitiative.9．（2023秋·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）那个移植手术的具体方案已经修改完毕，就等那个外科医生的批准。(subject)(汉译英)【答案】Thedetailedscheme(project)ofthetransplantoperationhasbeenrevisedandsubjecttothesurgeon’sapproval.【详解】考查名词、动词、形容词以及时态。表示“移植”应用名词transplant；表示“方案”应用名词scheme/project；表示“修改”应用动词revise；表示“外科医生”应用名词surgeon；表示“批准”应用名词approval。根据题意，表示“等……的批准”应用短语besubjectto，意为“从属于；处于……中；使服从”。表示“已经修改完毕”应用现在完成时态，由于scheme/project与revise是被动关系，故用被动语态。故翻译为：Thedetailedscheme(project)ofthetransplantoperationhasbeenrevisedandsubjecttothesurgeon’sapproval.10．（2023秋·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习）原来他人的期望未必就是压力，也可以是使人前进的动力。(turnout)(汉译英)【答案】Itturnsoutthatothers’expectationsarenotnecessarilypressure,butcanalsobeadrivingforceforonetogoforward.【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。表示“原来”句型为Itturnsoutthat…；表示“他人的期望”翻译为others’expectations，作从句的主语；表示“未必就是压力”翻译为benotnecessarilypressure；表示“也”应用also；表示“使人前进的动力”应用beadrivingforceforonetogoforward，can后跟动词原形；陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为Itturnsoutthatothers’expectationsarenotnecessarilypressure,butcanalsobeadrivingforceforonetogoforward.11．（2023秋·上海·高三上海市大同中学校考开学考试）你能想象吗，这支乐队的演唱会门票竟然卖到了天价，体育馆外竟然还上演了粉丝之间的全武行。(imagine)(汉译英)【答案】Canyouimaginethattheconcertticketsofthisbandweresoldatanextremelyhighprice/astronomicalprice/skyhighpriceandthattherewasevenafightbetweenfansoutsidethestadium.【详解】考查固定短语和宾语从句。此处主语为you，表示“想象”应用动词imagine，can后跟动词原形；后跟that引导的宾语从句；从句表示“这支乐队的演唱会门票”主语为theconcertticketsofthisband；表示“售卖”应用动词sell，与主语构成被动关系；表示“天价”翻译为atanextremelyhighprice/astronomicalprice/skyhighprice；第二句宾语从句为therebe句型；表示“粉丝之间的全武行”应用afightbetweenfans；表示“体育馆外”应用outsidethestadium。结合语境可知为一般过去时。故翻译为Canyouimaginethattheconcertticketsofthisbandweresoldatanextremelyhighprice/astronomicalprice/skyhighpriceandthattherewasevenafightbetweenfansoutsidethestadium.12．（2022秋·上海嘉定·高三校考期中）国庆假期里为减少浪费，不少酒店推出了“不提供一次性牙刷”的创新举措。(offer)（汉译英）【答案】(1)ToreducewasteduringtheNationalDayholiday,manyhotelstookinnovativestepsofnotofferingdisposabletoothbrushes.(2)DuringtheNationalDayholiday,inordertoreducewaste,manyhotelsinnovatedbynotofferingdisposabletoothbrushes.【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。“国庆假期里”可译为duringtheNationalDayholiday，“为减少浪费”可用动词不定式或固定短语inordertodosth.表达，作目的状语，即译为toreducewaste或inordertoreducewaste；“推出……的创新举措”亦可理解为“通过做某事的方式来创新”，故可译为takeinnovativestepsofdoingsth.或innovatebydoingsth.，故“不提供一次性牙刷”应用动名词短语形式表达，作宾语，即notofferingdisposabletoothbrushes；根据句意，本句应用一般过去时，表示已发生的动作，故“不少酒店推出了“不提供一次性牙刷”的创新举措。”可译为manyhotelstookinnovativestepsofnotofferingdisposabletoothbrushes./manyhotelsinnovatedbynotofferingdisposabletoothbrushes。故“国庆假期里为减少浪费，不少酒店推出了“不提供一次性牙刷”的创新举措。”可译为ToreducewasteduringtheNationalDayholiday,manyhotelstookinnovativestepsofnotofferingdisposabletoothbrushes./DuringtheNationalDayholiday,inordertoreducewaste,manyhotelsinnovatedbynotofferingdisposabletoothbrushes.13．（2022秋·上海浦东新·高三校考期中）每个人都有义务节约能源，减少碳排放，用爱心和责任心来保护我们共同的家园（It）(汉译英)【答案】Itiseveryone’sobligation/dutytosaveenergy,reducecarbonemissions,protectourmonhomewithloveandresponsibility.【详解】考查it作形式主语，动词短语，名词。表示“义务”用obligation/duty，表示“每个人都有义务”用itiseveryone’sobligation/duty，it置于句首首字母大写，表示“节约能源”用saveenergy，表示“减少碳排放”用reducecarbonemissions，表示“保护我们共同的家园”用protectourmonhome，表示“用爱心和责任”用withloveandresponsibility，这里是作状语，用介词with连接置于句末。故译为表示Itiseveryone’sobligation/dutytosaveenergy,reducecarbonemissions,protectourmonhomewithloveandresponsibility。14．（2023秋·上海·高三上海市进才中学校考阶段练习）华为的这款新一经上市马上售罄，以其强大的功能和续航能力受到了国内外市场的欢迎。(Nosooner,receive)【答案】NosoonerhadHuawei’snewphonebeenlaunchedthanitsoldoutandreceivedpopularityfromdomesticandforeignmarketsforitspowerfulfunctionsandbatterylife.【详解】考查固定句型、倒装句、时态、语态和固定搭配。根据汉语提示“一经上市马上售罄”和中文要求，本句可翻译为Nosooner...than...句型，意为“一……就……”，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时，Nosooner位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，即把助动词had提到主语之前。“上市”可表示为launch，其和“”之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态belaunched；“售罄”可表示为sellout；“强大的”可表示为powerful；“功能”可表示为function；“续航能力”可表示为batterylife；“受到……的欢迎”可表示为receivepopularityfrom...；“国内外市场”可表示domesticandforeignmarket。故本句可翻译为：NosoonerhadHuawei’snewphonebeenlaunchedthanitsoldoutandreceivedpopularityfromdomesticandforeignmarketsforitspowerfulfunctionsandbatterylife.15．（2023秋·上海·高三上海市大同中学校考开学考试）这个夏天，国内和国际航空公司要么重新设计航线，要么增加航班频率，以满足不断增加的旅行需求。(or)(汉译英)【答案】Domesticandinternationalairlinesareeitherredesigningroutesorincreasingflightfrequencythissummertomeetthegrowingdemandfortravel/tourism.【详解】考查并列连词和动词不定式。根据句意，此处描述的这个夏天航空公司的举措，所以使用现在进行时；表示“国内和国际航空公司”应为domesticandinternationalairlines作主语，位于句首时domestic的首字母需大写；表示“重新设计航线”应为redesignroutes，表示“增加航班频率”应为increaseflightfrequency，用于现在进行时态，句子主语为名词复数，所以应为areredesigningroutes与areincreasingflightfrequency；表示“要么……要么……”应为either…or…连接两个并列谓语动词，所以该句前半句译为Domesticandinternationalairlinesareeitherredesigningroutesorincreasingflightfrequency；表示“这个夏天”应为thissummer作时间状语；表示“以满足不断增加的旅行需求”应为不定式结构作目的状语，应为tomeetthegrowingdemandfortravel/tourism。故翻译为Domesticandint