2019外研社版高中英语选修四 Unit 4 Everyday economics 知识清单(教师版)

阅读单词认读foreheadn.chairwomann.sunrisen.bugn.inputn.phasen.manufacturern.cosmeticsn.bonusn.entrepreneurialadj.equatorn.estaten.calorien.freshmann.afloatadj.rationaladj.toddlern.designerclothestherebyadv.supervisionn.theftn.pursen.重点单词识记__________adj.无表情的,木然的__________n.(事物的)潜力,可能性__________n.障碍,阻碍,妨碍__________v.购买__________adj.质量上乘的,优质的__________adj.不浓烈的,淡的__________adj.主观的__________v.介入;干涉__________v.超过,超出__________v.(短期的)租用,租借__________n.费用,花费__________n.滥用核心词汇拓展__________adj.头晕目眩的→__________adv.眩晕地→__________n.头昏眼花__________adj.有创业精神的;有事业心的;有进取心的→__________n.公司;企业__________n.(商品的)分销,经销→__________vt.分发;分配→__________n.经销商;分销商__________n.指导,引导→__________v.指导;带领n.向导;导游__________n.顾问→__________v.咨询;商量;查阅__________adj.传统的,常规的→__________n.习俗;常规;惯例__________v.不公正地区别对待,歧视→__________n.歧视__________adj.财政的,金融的;财务的→__________n.财政;金融__________v.积累,积聚→__________n.积累__________adv.自动地→__________adj.自动的→__________v.使自动化__________n.令人悲伤的事,不幸→__________adj.使人伤心的;悲伤的__________n.懊丧,懊恼,沮丧→__________vt.使沮丧→__________adj.沮丧的→__________adj.令人沮丧的核心短语速记使收支仅能相抵妨碍,阻止陷入债务之中,负债出租(房屋、房间、土地等)attheexpenseof对……的反应bebittenbythe...bug与……相差甚远;完全不同鳞次栉比以最低价doafurtherfavour至于,关于passportn.护照passwordn.口令,密码patternn.式样peacefuladj.和平的;安宁的performern.执行者;演奏者persuadevt.说服,劝说physicaladj.身体的;物理的plainadj.家常的;普通的plasticadj.塑料的pleasantadj.令人愉快的,舒适的pleasuren.高兴,愉快poisonousadj.有毒的Thoughshewelcomesthenewentrepreneurialspirit,sheadvisesthatpeopleberealisticandseekguidancefromexpertconsultantsbeforerushingintothings.[advisethatsb(should)do]尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现,但她也建议人们要现实一些,在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。Whatreallymattersisasoundbusinessplan,accesstocapital,andgoodmanagementandnegotiatingskills.(Whatreallymattersis...)真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划,获得资金的渠道,以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。What’smore,sharingencouragesustoreuseitems,therebycuttingdownonwaste.(doing作结果状语)不仅如此,共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用,从而减少浪费。Butthesharingeconomyisnotwithoutitsproblems.(双重否定表示肯定)但共享经济并非没有问题。Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoingsupervision.(as引导定语从句)正如世界各地新的经济活动领域经常出现的情况一样,共享经济的发展速度超过了现有的法规或正在进行的监管。Itisexpandingatsucharatethatwecanonlyimaginewhatitwillcompriseinthefuture.(such...that...)它扩张的速度如此之快,以至于我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。guidance,conventional,dizzy,discriminate,hireMary,chairwomanofacosmeticsmanufacturingcompany,isanenterprisingperson.Theotherday,shesuddenlyfelt1.__________duringameeting,felltotheground,andgotabumponherforehead.Hercolleaguesallwentblankthen.Sinceherbeing2.__________bythecompany,thecompanyhasgrownrapidly.Underher3.__________,thecompanyhasabandonedthe4.__________productionprocess,adoptedinternationalcutting-edgetechnology,andproducedsuperiorcosmetics,whicharedeeplylovedbycustomersanddistributedallovertheworld.Thecompany’sfinancialsituationcontinuestoimprove,andworkers’wagesandbonusesarealsorising.Shealsoreformedtheemploymentmechanism,refusedto5.__________,putcompetentpeopleintheleadingpositions,andwonthesupportandloveofthestaff.Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestputherhealthinpotentialdanger.Thereby,fromthatdayon,shedecidedtocaremoreaboutherself.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇distributionn.(商品的)分销,经销(distributevt.分发;分配)distribute...to...把……分给……distribute...among...在……中分发……Tentsandclotheshavebeendistributed__________theearthquakevictims.Iftheyeatthefruit,theycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothe__________(distribute)ofthespecies.我告诉那些国际学生,茶广泛分布在全国各地。Itellthoseinternationalstudentsthattea____________________alloverthecountry.guidancen.引导;指导[guiden.指南;指导;导游,向导vt.给某人领路;指引;指导;带领;影响(某人的行为);(向某人)解释,阐明]undertheguidanceofsb＝undersb’sguidance在某人的指导下guidesbto...领某人去……(to为介词)Heguidedthechairwoman__________thehalltoattendthegreatwedding.Wewereguidedbyalocalguideandvisitedthesplendidstatue.,wevisitedthesplendidstatue.(用过去分词短语作状语改写),wevisitedthesplendidstatue.(用with复合结构改写),wevisitedthesplendidstatue.(用独立主格结构改写),wevisitedthesplendidstatue.(用介词短语改写)consultantn.顾问(consultv.咨询;请教;商量;查阅;参看)consultsbabout/onsth向某人咨询/请教某事consultwithsbabout/onsth就某事与某人商量I’ma34-year-oldman,married,liveinanicehouse,andhaveasuccessfulcareerasaneducational__________(consult).你最好不要每次遇到生词就查字典。You’dbetternot________________________________________everytimeyoucomeacrossanewword.我写信是想和你商量一下我们周末的约会。I’mwritingto______________________________scheduledfortheweekend.用法点拨consult作“请教;咨询;查阅”解时,多用作及物动词;作“商量”解时,多用作不及物动词,后跟withsb,意为“和某人商量”。关于“查字典”的表达有consultadictionary,refertoadictionary,lookup...inadictionary等。expensen.费用,花费;花销,开支cutdownonone’sexpenses节省开支coverone’sdailyexpense支付某人的日常开支atone’sexpense由某人付费/负担费用attheexpenseof以……为代价Thisprinteryoupurchasedyesterdayisofgoodquality.Ifitshouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairit__________ourexpense.Ifhedidn’tcutdownonhis__________(expense),hewouldnotmakeendsmeet.如今,越来越多的女孩以牺牲健康为代价试图变得苗条。Nowadaysmoreandmoregirlstrytobecomeslim______________________________.makeendsmeet使收支仅能相抵;量入为出cometoanend结束put/bringanendto结束……endupwith...以……结束/告终endupdoingsth最终做了某事endupas...最后成为……Thepartybeganwithdancingandendedup__________abeautifulsong.Afterworkingherwayaroundtheworld,sheendedup__________(teach)Englishatacollege.Althoughthetestendedup__________afailure,Marydidn’tloseheartbecausesheknewherparentswouldbetherebyher.由于失业了,还要养活两个小孩,他们发现无法维持收支平衡。Beingoutofworkandhavingtwoyoungchildren,theyfound______________________________.gointodebt陷入债务之中,负债fall/get/runintodebt借债;负债payoffone’sdebts还清债务bein/outofdebt欠/不欠债oweadebtofgratitudetosb欠某人的情I’mheavily__________debtatthemoment,buthopetobe__________ofdebtwhenIgetpaid.Ioweadebtofgratitude__________myfather,whohasalwayssupportedme.人们开始关注这个卖爆米花的小男孩。每周Bernard都有至少50分的收入带回家,通常比这更多。很快他家还清了所有的欠款。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Peoplebegantopayattentiontothelittlepopcornboy,andeveryweekhehadatleastfiftycentstotakehome,andoftenmore.Soon,hisfamily____________________.as引导定语从句Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoingsupervision.正如世界各地新的经济活动领域经常出现的情况一样,共享经济的发展速度超过了现有的法规或正在进行的监管。as引导非限制性定语从句时常见的结构有：asisoftenthecase情况常常如此asisknowntousall/asweallknow众所周知asissaidabove如上所述asoftenhappens这种情况常常发生asyoucansee正如你所看到的ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述__________issaidabove,hehasjumpedoutoftheconventionalpractice.我们能够从历史中找到一些问题的解决方法,这是常有的事。____________________,wecanprobablyfindsolutionstosomeproblemsfromhistory.众所周知,兴趣是最好的老师。______________________________,interestisthebestteacher.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)_________________________interestisthebestteacher.(what引导的主语从句)____________________interestisthebestteacher.(it作形式主语)用法点拨as引导非限制性定语从句时是关系代词,用来指代整个句子的内容,有“正如”之意,常放于主句之前,有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。which也可以引导非限制性定语从句,用来指代整个句子的内容,但它只能放在主句后,表示前面这句话带来的某种结果。(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.第二组在教练的指导下进行4天或以上的高强度有氧运动。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.法案规定,所有16岁及以上的狩猎者必须购买并持有鸭票才能合法狩猎。(2021·天津)Thatway,youwillavoidpotentialtimedelaysingettingtoyourclasses.这样一来,你就可以避免在去上课时可能出现的时间延误。(2021·天津)Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.这位医生是一位诗人和哲学家的同时,更是一位优秀的医生,除了良好的医疗技能,他能给病人更多其他的东西。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public”attheexpenseofthe“speaking”.通常情况下,当你站起来发表演讲时,你会以牺牲“演讲”为代价来关注“公众”。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍blankA.n.空白处,空格B.adj.无表情的,木然的C.adj.空白的Putawordineachblanktocompletethesentence.WhenIheardthenewsthatthescholarwaskilled,mymindwentblank.IhadafewblankfacesandblankeyeswhenIwasdeliveringaspeech.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Thekingofthekingdomcan’tacceptevenmildcriticismofhiswork.__________Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourpurchase,wewillgiveyouafullrefund.__________核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Itmightbehardtomake__________(end)meetifyouspendenormousamountofmoneyoncosmeticsespeciallywhenyoursalaryisnothigh.Hisincomeonlymeetsbasicliving__________(expense).Sohisfamilylivesasimplelife.Accordingtohisperformance,hehasthepotential__________(work)asaconsultant.__________wasexpected,thegeniusstoodoutthankstohisintelligence,hardworkandperseverance.Theresponse__________ouradvertisementhasbeensomewhatdisappointingforsomeunknownreasons.Sofarclothesandblankets__________(distribute)totheearthquakevictimsbythemanufacturers.Thehistorianknowshowtogiveproper__________(guide)tostudentsinhisteaching,contributingalottotheirimprovement.Mybestfriendwaschosenforthejobbecauseshewasfarsuperior__________anyothercandidates.As__________howtostrengthencooperationamongtheemployees,hedidn’tgiveanyexplanation.Ihavesome__________(purchase)tomakeattheexpo.Wouldyouliketogowithme?单句写作——应用文增分练(安全使用网络的建议)如此大量的互联网用户被欺骗,这已经成为人们关注的一个主要问题。(such...that...)部分原因是我们在使用公共计算机在线购物时,我们的私人信息将被记录在计算机中,从而泄露了信息。(doing作状语)毫无疑问以我们私人信息为代价上网是不明智的。(attheexpenseof)首先,我主张的是我们要使用熟悉的购物网站。(what引导主语从句)其次,我建议在注册购物网站时使用加强密码并更新防病毒软件。(advisethat)微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写blankadj.无表情的,木然的dizzyadj.头晕目眩的sorrown.令人悲伤的事,不幸frustrationn.懊丧,懊恼,沮丧动作描写purchasev.购买discriminatev.不公正地区别对待,歧视interferewith妨碍,阻止gointodebt陷入债务之中,负债→beindebt欠债accumulatev.积累,积聚hirev.(短期的)租用,租借rentout出租(房屋、房间、土地等)人物描写guidancen.指导,引导consultantn.顾问conventionaladj.传统的,常规的mildadj.不浓烈的,淡的freshmann.(高中或大学的)一年级学生enterprisingadj.有创业精神的;有事业心的;有进取心的theftn.偷窃,偷盗[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇,完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。这个小女孩特别贫穷,家庭负债累累。路过面包店时,她感到快要饿晕了。然而她找不到去买一片面包的钱。她充满了沮丧和悲伤。她讨厌偷窃。她告诉自己,当有钱时,她会还的。她伸出手,抓起面包,正要转过身时,发现店主就站在她面前。她的头脑一片空白,她不知道该如何回应。然而,店主却告诉她,面包是放在那里供顾客品尝的,并要求她品尝并发表评论！多年以后,尽管她积累了大量财富,她还是保持着去面包店的习惯。Thelittlegirlwasverypoorandherfamily.Walkingpastthebakery,shefeltsohungryandalittledizzy.However,shecouldn’tfindmoneytoandshewasfullof.Shehatedtheft.Shetoldherselfthatwhenshehadmoney,shewouldpayback.Sheheldoutherhand,grabbedthebread,andinfrontofher.Hermindwentblank,.However,theownertoldherthebreadwasputthereforcustomerstohaveatasteandrequestedhertotasteandmakeacomment!Manyyearslater,althoughsheaccumulatedgreatwealth,shekeptthehabitofvisitingthebakery.词形变化填空(每小题3分,共15分)Althoughherlifewasfullofsorrows,peopleseldomsawhersorrowfullooks.(sorrow)Igotthefirstprizewithmyteacherguidingme.Iwillworkharderinreturnfor