英语2班-文体学chapter10

TheEnglishofNewsReporting(1):GeneralKnowledge

AboutNewsReportsDifferentKindsofNewspapersandMagazinesTheMake-UpofNewsReports1.TheHeadline2.TheLead3.TheBodyAnalyzeANewsReport●AboutNewsReportsJournalistEnglishreferstotheEnglishusedinnewspapersandmagazinesinabroadsense.However,inourcourse,wearereferringtonewsreportsonly.Features:●Immediacy(即时性)●Attractiveness(吸引力)●Brevity(简洁)●Objectivity(客观性)●Truthfulness(真实性)●Shortpowerfulwords,neologisms,noncewords,abbreviationsareoftenfound.Thesentencesareusuallylongandcomplete,usingalotofpre-andpost-modifications.●DifferentKindsofNewspapersandMagazines1.Accordingtotheplacewherethepaperispublish.NationalPapers:publishedinthecaptialandcirculatedalloverthecountry.eg:TheTimes,TheGuardian,TheWashingtonPost...ProvincialPapers:publishedoutsidethecapital.eg:TheYorkshirePost,TheScotsman,KansasCityStar...2.Accordingtothecontentsofthepaper.QualityPapers:carrymoreseriousnews,likeimportantworldanddomesticevents,politics,finance...eg:TheDailyTelegraph,WashingtonPost...PopularPapers:devotedtosensationalstories,comicstrips,pin-ups,andsportsinordertoattractthereaders'attention.eg:TheDailyMirror,TheSun,TheDailyExpress...3.Accordingtothetimeoftheirpublication,therearemorningpapers,noonpapers,eveningpapers,Sundaypapers,etc.AmericanNewspapers:1.TheNewYorkTimes2.WashingtonPost3.LosAngelesTimes4.ChristianScienceMonitor(基督教科学箴言报)5.InternationalHeraldTribune(国际先驱论坛报)6.USAToday...AmericanMagazines:1.Time2.Newsweek3.USNewsandWorldReportBritishMagazines:1.TheTimes(泰晤士报)2.TheDailyTelegraph(每日电讯报)

3.TheGuardian(卫报)4.FinancialTimes(金融时报)5.TheObserver(观察家报)6.TheSundayTimes(周日泰晤士报)BritishMagazines:1.TheEconomist2.TheNewsStatesman3.NewSocietyTheMake-upofNewsReportsTheheadlineTheleadThebodyHeadlinethesoulofnewsreportsummarizethenewscontentbrief,vivid,eye-catching,expressive,attractivethemainfeaturesofheadlines1theomissionofarticlesandthelinkverbTosavespace,oftenomitprep,the,a,an,is,are,linkingwords,sometimesevensubject,nounsandverbsTennisgoldafirstatOlympicsTennisgoldisthefirstattheOlympics2frequentuseofabbreviations

SAmericanstakestepstopreventUSspyingSAmericans=SouthAmericansTherearethreemainkindsofabbreviationsinEnglishheadlines1、组织机构等专有名称，IMF=InternationalMonetaryFund(国际货币基金组织WHO=WorldHealthOrganization(世界卫生组织)APEC=theAsiaPacificEconomicCooperation亚太经济合作组织ASEAN=theAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations东南亚国家联盟CPC=theCommunistPartyofChina中国共产党IMF＝theInternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织IOC=theInternationalOlympicCommittee国际奥林匹克委员会NATO=theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织NPC=theNationalPeople’sCongress（中国）全国人民代表大会2、常见事物的名称，

UFO=UnidentifiedFlyingObject(不明飞行物；“飞碟”)DJI=Dow-JonesIndex(道·琼斯指数)SALT=StrategicArmsLimitationTalks(限制战略武器会谈)3、表示人们的职业、职务或职称的名词，

PM=PrimeMinister(总理；首相)

GM=GeneralManager(总经理)

VIP=VeryImportantPerson(贵宾；要人)

TP=TrafficPoliceman(交通警察)

PA=PersonalAssistant(私人助理)3a,presenttenseisoftenused-------shownewness,freshnessChinalaunchesspacesatelliteBangkokfireleaves17000homelessb,futuretense(betodo,bedoing)U.N.toResumeFoodAidtoN.KoreaU.N.IstoResumeFoodAidtoN.Koreac,“-edparticiple”isusedtoexpress“passivevoice”,and“be”isalwaysomitted.ManheldbypoliceAmanisbeingheldbythepolice4，short,powerfulwordsareoftenemployed

Techtradeconferencescheduled

(Tech=Technologicalortechnology)

5,theuseofpre-modificationSuperTyphoonroarsintoPhilippines

6,frequentuseoffiguresofspeech修辞格

A,Phonetic

(alliteration,repetition,rhyme)

DeathDoesn’tStopDonors死者已矣,捐献仍存。--------alliterationDesperateNeed,DesperateDeed燃眉之急,夺命之举--------repetitionBye-bye,AmericanPie(Time,1996)

拜拜，‘美国派’，福利救济不再来”----

rhymeB,Oxymoron矛盾修辞法SoftDrinks;HardFactsJoyorPain?C,Metonymy借代Ballots,NotBullets(Times,1995Ballots(选票)代指了和平和民主Bullets(子弹)代指战争D,Satirize讽刺TravelServicewithNoService旅行社不服务E,metaphor比喻MiddleEast:ACradleofTerror中东:恐怖主义的摇篮F,Parody（套用名言﹑典故﹑谚语和文学著作之名）ToSaveOrNotToSaveWherethereissmoke,thereiscash.G,Personification拟人HurricaneWatch飓风在看着TheEconomySmile经济迈出低谷H,Exaggeration夸张AVowtoZipHisLips.誓将守口如瓶

Formatsofheadlines版式

1,thebanner/streamer大字标语（boldface)2,theflushlefthead左对齐3,thedroppedline/indentedhead缩进排版4,thecenteredhead5,thecross-line/keylinehead6,thestephead7,thepyramidhead8,theinventedpyramidhead9,thejumphead(换页）TheleadThefirstorthefewparagraphsofthenewsreport，consistingofthenewest,mostimportant,orthemostattractivefacts.5“W”,1“H”:What,Who,Where,Why,When,HowFeatures:succinct,informative,intriguing

Thecontrastlead

twopiecesofnewsarepresentedatthesametimeforcontrastinordertoemphasizeoneofthem.Richard

Roe,

who

started

47

years

ago

as

a

$10-a-week

janitor

for

Consolidated

Corporation,

today

took

office

as

the

firm's

$2,63,000-a-year

chairman

and

chief

executive

officer.Thequestionlead

Inordertodrawtheattentionofthereadersandmakethemponderovertheissuetobebroughtforth,aquestionmaybeaskedatbeginningofthereport.Whatever

happened

to

the

East

Asian

Crisis?

After

Thailand

devalued

the

baht

on

July

21997,capital

rushed

out

of

the

region’s

economies,and

in

rapid

succession

most

of

themcollapsed.The

Lost(Half)Decade

The

Economist

2002

c)ThequotationleadInordertobemorerealistic,reliable,authoritativeandimpressive,thewriterofthenewsreportmayuseaquotationofthemainfigureinvolvedinthereport.“Ifyou

havenot

been

tothe

Great

Wall,youarenot

a

real

man”,MaoZedong

once

said.Thisparticular

assertion

is

known

to

almost

everycitizen

of

the

People’s

Republic,millions

ofwhomjourney

to

the

Great

Wall

each

year.d)TheblindleadInordertocreateasuspenseandtomaketheimportantfactstandconspicuous.A

situation

can

be

exploited

in

an

interesting

way

so

that

an

ordinary

item

stands

out.

The

reporter

delves

in

several

paragraphs

to

find

out

what

had

happened.

The

reader

must

get

the

story

by

reading

to

the

end

of

the

story.Los

Angeles—It

sounds

like

the

plot

of

aHollywoodthrillerbutit’strue:justnine

daysbeforethisyear’sAcademyAwards,Oscar

hasdisappeared.The

FBI

is

hunting

for

him

and

a

re-wardof＄50,000hasbeenofferedforhisreturn.The

Guardian,March

18,2000ThedescriptiveleadFirst,thesurroundinginwhichtheeventhappenedaredescribed,andthenthemainfactsaregiven.Arriving

for

work

at

British

Airways’headquarters

early

this

morning,staff

about

todiscover

what

the

airline’s

survival

strategywould

mean

for

them.At

seven

am

sharp,thestaff

newspaper

broke

the

news,nearly

6,000jobs

to

go.On

top

of

last

years’cuts,that’s

now13,000

jobs

in

total,almost

one

in

four

of

BA’sworkforce.(British

AirwayJob

Losses)BBCWorld

13,Febbruary,2002Themainfactlead

Itcontainsonesentence,tellingthe“what”China

will

restrict

organ

transplants

forforeigners

comingtoChina

as

tourists,promisingpriority

to

sick

Chinese

and

demanding

that

patientsfromother

countries

seek

official

approval,the

government

announced

on

Tuesday.Trans-plants

for

foreigners

restricted.China

Daily

July3,2007Theanecdotallead

Inordertoaddmorecolortothereport,thewriterofthereporterusesinterestingstoriestoattractthereaders’attention.At

14,Kent

Conrad

figured

he’d

be

readyfor

the

Senate

in

1986

or

1988.Twenty-fouryears

later,Conrad

laughs

at

the

memory.At

38,about

tobecome

North

Dakota’s

newsenator,hesays“I

guess

I

was

a

serious

kid.”USAToday,Dec.2,1986Thepersonallead

Thereporterseemstotalkwiththereaderfacetofacebyusing“I”“you,etc.called“directaddresslead”(By

Reg

Murphy,

while

editor

of

the

Atlanta

Constitution,

after

being

released

by

a

kidnapper)

When

the

tall,

heavy,

garishly

dressed

stranger

appeared

at

the

door,

it

was

clear

this

was

trouble.

He

said,

``I'm

Lamont

Woods,''

in

a

Southern

accent

quickened

by

exposure

to

speech

patterns

elsewhere.

I

let

him

into

my

living

room

for

a

moment

but

hustled

him

out

quickly

because

of

the

anxiety

within

him.

My

wife,

Virginia,

stayed

out

of

sight

but

went

to

the

window

as

we

left

and

noted

that

he

was

driving

a

dark

green

Ford

Torino.

She

tried

for

the

licence

plate

but

couldn't

see

it.Someotherformsoflead:Summary

lead

combined

lead“when”,“as”,“amid”,“following”,“while”

“in

the

wake

of”delayed

lead

A

situation

can

be

exploited

in

an

interesting

way

so

that

an

ordinary

item

stands

out.

The

reporter

delves

in

several

paragraphs

to

find

out

what

had

happened.

The

reader

must

get

the

story

by

reading

to

the

end

of

the

story.ThebodyThemainpartofthereportDifferentwritingmethodsTheinvertedpyramidmethodtheleadthemostessentialelementsthesecondparagraphlessimportantinformationthelatterparagraphslessimportantinformationb)Thechronologicalme