何兆熊综合英语第三册unit 3

Unit3OutofStep2021/5/91

TheAuthor:BillBryson

（1951-）Awell-knownAmericantravelwriterandhumorist

BillBrysoncan'tdecidewheretolive--England,Australia,Iowa,NewHampshire--it'sreallyatoughdecision.But,ashepointsoutinhisbook,I'mAStrangerHereMyself,nomatterwhereBillis,Bill'sastranger.——MichaelFeldman2021/5/92abouttheauthorBillBrysonwasborninIowain1951.Heisabest-sellingAmericanauthorofhumorousbooksontravel.Abackpackingexpeditionin1973broughthimtoEngland,wherehemethiswifeanddecidedtosettle.HewrotefortheEnglishnewspapersThetimesandTheindependentformanyyears,writingtravelarticlestosupplementhisincome.2021/5/93HelivedwithhisfamilyinNorthYorkshirebeforemovingbacktothestatesin1995,toHanover,NewHampshire,withhiswifeandfourchildren.In2003,heandhisfamilymovedbacktoEngland,wheretheycurrentlyreside.2021/5/94Culturalnote-theU.S.area;ideallivingenvironment;time-consciousness;travel1)USA,acountryofvastterritory:9,375,720sq.kmover314millionpeople2021/5/952)IdeallivingenvironmentformanyAmericans:toescapebothisolationandcrowds.Peoplehaveflockedtothesuburbs.Thereisnothingbutcarthatcanmakeitpossibleforthemtomovearoundeasilylivinginsuburbs.2021/5/963).Foracountrythatmovesgenerallyaccordingtoschedules,beingpunctualishighlyvalued.2021/5/974)peopleregardtravelasanindispensablepartoftheirlife;peoplevaluefreedommorethananythingelse.2021/5/98

“IfyouareanAmerican,youtravelasmuchasyoucan;ifyouareanAmerican,youtravelinyourowncar.”ItisnotuncommonatallforAmericanpeopletodrivefor5ormorehourstohavelunchordinnerwithafriendandthendrivebackfortheirfavoriteNBAgamesathome.

——ZhouPingfromherpersonalexperience2021/5/99“Ihaven’ttakenthetrainfornearly20years.NoreasonwhyIshouldnow.”Iusedtohearpeoplesay.Indeed,formanypeoplelivingfarawayfromthetrainstation,caristheonlyvehiclethattakesthemfromplacetoplace.Besides,itismuchcheaperandquickertomovearoundbydrivingacarthantakingthetrain.Thatiswhymoreconsiderationsaregiventodriversthantopedestrianswhosevoiceishardlyaudible.2021/5/910NewEngland-thebirthplaceofAmerica-isfilledwithrichhistory,culturalattractions,fascinatingcities,scenicvillages,andoutdooradventuresateveryturn.

2021/5/911NewEnglandNewHampshireDartmouthCollegeMainStreetResidentialNeighborhoodRoseyJekesCaféCappuccinoNuggettheatreMurphy’sontheGreenGivearide2021/5/912NewEnglandNewEnglandisaregioninthenortheasterncorneroftheUnitedStatesconsistingofthesixstatesofMaine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,andConnecticut.2021/5/913HistoryofNewEnglandNewEnglandisoneofthemosthistoricandculturallyrichregionsoftheUSA.

TheregionwasoneoftheearliestEnglishsettlementsinthe“NewWorld”followingthearrivalofthePilgrimFathers,whosetsailfromEnglandaboardtheMayflowerin1620insearchofreligiousfreedom.

TheyandtheirdescendantsarecalledYankees.

2021/5/914TheregionwasthesceneofthefirstIndustrialRevolutionintheUnitedStates.NewEngland(andVirginia)ledthewaytotheAmericanRevolution,Bythe1840sitwasthecenteroftheU.S.anti-slaverymovement,andwastheleadingforceinAmericanliteratureandhighereducation.2021/5/915DartmouthCollege:oneofthebestartcollegesintheworld.LocatedontheConnecticutRiverandsurroundedbytheWhiteMountains,itoffersthemostbeautifulnaturalsceneryintheIvyLeague.

2021/5/916MainStreetInsmalltownsintheUnitedStates,thestreetwheremostofthestoresareisoftencalledMainStreet.(美国小城镇的)主街2021/5/917Residentialneighborhood居民区curbN-COUNTThe

curbistheraisededgeofasidewalkwhichseparatesitfromtheroad.路边2021/5/918pullup1.PHRASALVERBWhenavehicleordriver

pullsup,thevehicleslowsdownandstops.慢慢停下例：Thecabpulledupandthedriverjumpedout.出租车慢慢停了下来，司机跳下了车。2021/5/9192021/5/920NewHampshire新罕布什尔州的格言是：“不自由，毋宁死”。Livefreeordie.。2021/5/921Doyouneed/wantaride?Givesomeonearide2021/5/922Hitchhiking小说主人公及其伙伴沿途搭车或开车，几次横越美国大陆，最终到了墨西哥。

OnTheRoadisbasedonthetravelsofKerouacandhisfriendsacrossAmerica.ItisconsideredadefiningworkofthepostwarBeatGenerationwithitsprotagonistslivinglifeagainstabackdropofjazz,poetry,anddruguse.2021/5/923什么是搭车？搭便车是在路上乘陌生人的顺路的车来完成一段的路程。路程可能只是几公里也可能是几百公里，看车主一起顺路多远。搭车一般是不付钱的。

2021/5/924欧美的搭车文化搭车自从汽车的诞生到60、70年代的欧美是非常普遍的一种交通方式。同时当代著名的小说《在路上》描写的几个年轻人横跨北美的故事也给无数的欧美人心中流下了很深的印象-对他们来说搭车有着浓浓的自由浪漫的精神。

至今在欧美每年有数万人都用搭车做成他们的交通方式。对他们来说搭车还是一种自由探险的旅行方式。2021/5/925Atypicalhitchhikinggesture2021/5/926warm-up1.Whichnationissaidtobeanationonthewheel?2.CarsareenteringordinaryChinesefamilies.Ifyouhaveacar,whendoyouprefertowalk,andwhentodrive?DoyouthinkCarswillbeaspredominantinChinaastheyareintheUnitedStates.WhyorWhynot?2021/5/9273.Ifyou/yourparentswon200,000RMBinlottery,willyousuggestbuyingacar,whyorwhynot?4.Inmodernsociety,itseemsthatpeoplearelosingsometraditionalwaysofliving,whatarethey?2021/5/928Whatinformationcanyoulearnfromthetitle?outoffashionnolongerwalk2021/5/929textanalysis

“OutofStep”isanexpositionthatpresentstheabsurdityoftheAmericans’dependenceoncars.TheAmericans,beingsoaccustomedtousingcars,havealmostforgottentheexistenceoftheirlegs.Wherevertheygo,theygointheircars.Asaresult,pedestrianfacilitiesareneglectedincityplanningorrejectedbytheinhabitants.2021/5/930textunderstanding1.Howdopeopleinthesmalltowntaketheauthor'shabitofwalkingaroundforhisbusiness?oddslightlyguiltyifnotgivinghimaride2021/5/9312.Whydothepeopleconsiderhispreferenceforwalkingattimesabiteccentric?2021/5/9323.TowhatextenthavetheAmericanpeoplecometodependoncars?2021/5/9334.WhatistheproblemwiththeurbanplanningofAmericancities?WhatdoesthathavetodowiththedependenceoftheAmericanpeopleoncars?2021/5/9345.Whatdoyouthinkmakestheauthorsadattheendofthepassage?2021/5/9356.DidtheauthorwriteoutanysolutiontotheproblemthatAmericanpeoplerelytoomuchoncars?NoSoundthesiren2021/5/936TextComprehensionDecidewhichbeststatestheauthor’spurposeofwriting.PointingoutthefactthatAmericanswalktoolittletoday.B.Introducinganalternativetocar-drivingasameansoftransportforanaverageAmerican.C.ComplainingaboutinconveniencetrafficconditionsforpedestriansinAmerica.2021/5/937StructuralAnalysisPartI(para.1—6)Introductionoftheideawithananecdote.PartII(para.7—13)

PresentationofthefactthattheAmericansarehabituatedtousingcarsforeverything.PartIII(para.14—20)Explanationofthefactthatpedestrianfacilitiesareneglectedordiscarded.2021/5/938PartI(para.1—6)Whatkindoftownisit?Whatisconsideredtheauthor’s“eccentricbehavior”?Howdopeopleinthesmalltowntaketheauthor’shabitofwalkingaroundforhisbusiness?Whywoulddrivers“departreluctantly,evenguiltily”whentheirofferwasdeclined?2021/5/939sedate

a.quietespeciallyinawaythatlacksexcitement宁静的asedatecountrytownThefightagainstanuclearpowerstationsitehastransformedanormallysedatetownintoabattlefield.calm,seriousandformal庄重的，严肃的，不苟言笑的Sheisasedateoldlady;sheiscaringbutnevertalksmuch.2021/5/940compact(a):smallandeasytocarryacompactcamerausingasmallamountofspaceThekitchenwascompactbutwellequipped.antonym:2021/5/941venerablevenerablethingsorpeopledeserverespectbecausetheyareold,important,wiseetc值得敬重的，受敬佩的avenerablescholarthevenerableruinsoftheabbeyRespectable;respectful;respective2021/5/942debonairfashionableandconfident,carefree(usuofmen)Hestrolledabout,lookingverydebonairinhiselegantnewsuit.2021/5/943cappuccino；atypeofcoffeemadewithhotfrothymilkandsometimeswithchocolatepowderonthetop2021/5/944Cappuccino此字的历史圣芳济教会(Capuchin)的修士都穿著褐色道袍，头戴一顶尖尖帽子，圣芳济教会传到意大利时，当地人觉得修士服饰很特殊，就给他们取个Cappuccino的名字，此字的意大利文是指僧侣所穿宽松长袍和小尖帽，源自意大利文"头巾"即Cappuccio。然而，老意爱喝咖啡，发觉浓缩咖啡、牛奶和奶泡混合后，颜色就像是修士所穿的深褐色道袍，于是灵机一动，就给牛奶加咖啡又有尖尖奶泡的饮料，取名为卡布奇诺(Cappuccino)。直到一九九0年以后，才成为世人耳熟能详的咖啡饮料。应该可以这么说Cappuccino咖啡这个字，源自圣芳济教会(Capuchin)和意大利文头巾(Cappucio).2021/5/9452021/5/946eccentric(adj)ofpeople/behaviorunusual,peculiar,notconventionalaneccentricladyTheoldgentleman,wholivedaloneallhislife,wassaidtohavesomeeccentrichabits.Mostpeopleconsideredhimaharmlesseccentric.eccentricity(n)eccentricityofstyle,clothing,mannersOneofhiseccentricitiesissleepingunderthebedinsteadofonit.eccentrically2021/5/947strolltowalksomewhereinaslowrelaxedway2021/5/948curbpreventsthfromgettingoutofcontrol防止..失控；约束curbone'sfeelings/angercurbspendingplace/putacurbon...2021/5/949Poornutritioncancurbachild’sdevelopmentbothphysicallyandmentally.Therewillbecurbs

ondrunk-drivingfromnextmonth.2021/5/950paraphraseapleasant,sedateandcompacttownaleafyresidentialneighborhoodIwouldn’tdreamofgoingtoanyoftheseplacesbycar.Peoplehavegottenusedtomyeccentricbehavior.Theywoulddepartreluctantly,evenguiltilyasifleavingthesceneofanaccidentwithoutgivingtheirname.2021/5/951PartII(para.7—13)Whatisthemainideaofthepart?HowimportantisthecartoaverageAmericans?Howdoestheauthorsupportthisideainthispart?2021/5/952para7habituate:Bytheendoftheschoolterm,thestudentshadbeenhabituated/accustomed/usedtorisingatfiveo’clock.2021/5/953Para8Contortion1

[countable]atwistedpositionormovementthatlookssurprisingorstrange:

Icouldnotforcemybodyintothecontortionsrequiredbyclassicalballet.facialcontortions2

[uncountable]whensomethingistwistedsothatitdoesnothaveitsnormalshape:involuntarymusclecontortion3

[countable]somethingdifficultyouhavetodoinordertoachievesomething:Hewentthroughaseriesofamazing

contortionstogetKarenaworkpermit.2021/5/954Contortimpliesviolentchangethatproducesunnaturalorgrotesqueeffects:afacecontortedwithrage;Twistappliestodistortionofformormeaning:amouthtwistedwithpain.

HeaccusedmeoftwistinghiswordstomeanwhatIwantedthemto.Thereporterdistortedthefacts.2021/5/955Deformreferstochangethatdisfiguresandoftenimpliesthelossofdesirablequalitiessuchasbeauty:Greaterosiondeformedthelandscape.Warpcanrefertoaturningortwistingfromaflatorstraightform.Italsocanimplythebendingorturningofsomethingfromatruecourseordirection:floorboardsthathadwarpedovertheyears.2021/5/956Para9Thethingis…:Whatmatters…;Whatisimportantis…e.g.Thethingisnottointerrupthimwhilehe’stalking.

要紧的是……2021/5/957extravagant:She'svery____—shespendsallhermoneyonclothes.(frugal,economical,thrifty,extravagant)Ihadafrugalmealofbreadandcheeselastnight.Theylivedaveryfrugalexistence,avoidingallluxuries.Asfarasoilenergyisconcerned,wecannotbetoofrugal.2021/5/958

Hermotherisathriftyhousewife.Mr.Thompsonissothriftythatheisabletosavemorethanhalfofhisweeklysalary.Onlyverythriftychildrenmanagetofillupamoney-box.Sheisaneconomicalhousekeeperandfeedsherfamilycheaply.2021/5/959Shehasbeenlongingforaluxuriouslife.She'sgotveryextravaganttastes.2021/5/960Para10acquaintanceaspeakingacquaintanceHeisnotafriendofmine,onlyanacquaintance.Iamnotacquaintedwithchemicalterms.maketheacquaintanceofsb结识某人2021/5/961Para11-13confess；LesconfessionsSheconfessedtoherhusbandthatshehadsoldherweddingring.Heconfessedtosleeping/havingsleptthroughmostofthefilm.[+(that)]Ihavetoconfess(that)whenIfirstmetIanIdidn'tthinkhewasverybright.Ifounditallveryconfusing,Imustconfess.confessone'ssins2021/5/9622021/5/963deficient:AdietdeficientinvitaminDmaycausethediseaserickets.•notgoodenoughHistheoryisdeficientinseveralrespects.Pregnantwomenoftensufferfromirondeficiency.2021/5/964proficient:skilledandexperiencedaproficientswimmerShe'sproficientintwolanguages.Ittakesacoupleofyearsofregulardrivingbeforeyoubecomeproficientatit.proficiency:Itsaidinthejobadtheywantedproficiencyinatleasttwolanguages.2021/5/965Inthisregard:2021/5/966paraphrase…becomesohabituatedtousingthecar…thatitdoesn’toccurtoustounfurlourlegsandseewhatthoselowerlimbscando.Wewillgothroughthemostextraordinarycontortionsto…Andthethingis,thismanlookedreallyfit.jogsextravagantdistanceShelookedatmeasifIweretragicallysimple-minded.…andIcanadjustitfordegreeofdifficultyIconfessithadneveroccurredtomehowthoughtlesslydeficientnatureisinthisregard.2021/5/967PartIII(para.14—20)Whydidtheauthorsay“Actually,I’msurpriseditwasthatmuch”?WhydidLaconiachangeitsdowntownpedestrianmalltoonewithparkinglots?2021/5/968Bring/drivesthhometosb:tomakesbrealizesthTheeditorialbroughthometomethatthegovernmentdidspendsomemoneyonthepedestrianfacilitiesthoughverylittle.TheprofessordrovehometothestudentsthattheyhavetofinishthewritingassignmentbyFriday.

2021/5/969pedestrianSkipskiplunch

skipschool/class

skipthefirstchapter

skipayear/gradeSkippingrope/jumpropeIsuggestweskipoverthedetailsandgettothepoint.

2021/5/970ridiculous(adj)Whataridiculoussuggestion!That'sridiculous!Thatfatwomanlookedridiculousinhertightgoldendress.DoIlookridiculousinthishat?Hehasbecomeanobjectofridicule.(n)Thosewhoridiculeotherswillbepunishedinreturn.(v)2021/5/971exasperating:annoying;displeasingIt'ssoexasperatingwhenhewon'tlistentoawordthatisay.exasperated:annoyedHe'sbecomeincreasinglyexasperatedwiththesituation.2021/5/972entertainanidea/hope/thoughtetctoconsideranideaetc,orallowyourselftothinkthatsomethingmighthappenorbetrue:

Shecouldneverentertaintheideaoflivinginthecountry.2021/5/973paraphraseAccordingtoaconcernedandfaintlyhorrified1997editorial…Actually,I’msurpriseditwasthatmuch.Ihadthisbroughthometomeonesummerwhen……IrealizedthatIwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.…woetoanyonewhotriestomakeus…2021/5/974Iwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.(p.17)Iwasveryprobablytheonlypersonwhohadeverattemptedtocrossthatintersectiononfoot.2021/5/975DiscussionWhatisthetoneoftheauthorinthepassage?Howdoestheauthorachievethiseffect?self-debasementinahumorousmannere.g…satireonpeople’sridiculouscontradictioninacts.e.g…2021/5/976Howdidtheauthordevelophisideas?bymeansofexamplesthemanheobservedoutsidethepostofficehisconversationwithanacquaintanceofhiswhowoulddrivehimtothegymhisownefforttowalkacrossthestreetthecommercialfailureofthepedestianmallinLaconia2021/5/977Writingtechniqueinpara7.8Topicexamples2021/5/978DiscussionShouldprivatecarsbeencouragedinChina?2021/5/979RecommendedreadingsandmoviesOntheRoadThedisappearedyear(我睡了81个人的沙发)记述了24岁的台湾女生连美恩，穿着最破的大衣，借无数人家里的沙发作为落脚点，在欧洲流浪14个月的经历，即所谓当沙发客（couchsurfing）在欧洲游玩的见闻点滴。2021/5/9801.Myfriendlikesto____aroundthefleamarketonthechanceofpickingupsomethingofvalue.2.Ihavesome____withEnglish,butIdonotknowitwell.Hehasalarge