2023无损检测操作能力鉴定

无损检测操作能力鉴定II目 次前言 II引言 错误!未定义书签。112范引文件 13语定义 2445损测艺程定 46作力定试决条件 47作力定试 58定的求 79效期 810录文件 8附录A（范）损测工规的定 10PAGEPAGE10无损检测操作能力鉴定范围ThisTechnicalSpecificationprovidesamethodforqualificationofnon-destructivetesting(NDT)personnel,procedures,andequipmentforspecificnon-destructivetestsconductedinaccordancewithdocumentedproceduresestablishedwithinaperformance-basedqualificationprogramme.ImplementationofthisTechnicalSpecificationrequirescooperationbetweenapplicableindustrysectorcommittees(ISCs)andqualificationbodiestoensurethatspecificperformanceexpectationsareaddressed.本文件的实施需要工业部门委员会(ISC)和资格鉴定机构之间的合作，以确保满足特定的预期实施效果。ThequalificationmethodologydescribedinthisTechnicalSpecificationisbasedupontheabilityofacandidatetodemonstratecapabilityindetectingandsizingcriticaldiscontinuitiesequivalenttothosetobedetectedandsizedintheperformance-basedqualificationprogrammeasestablishedbytheISC.本文件中所述的鉴定方法基于报考人证明其在检测和评定关键不连续方面的能力，与ISC制定的操作能力鉴定实施过程中检测和评定关键不连续的能力相当。Itispossiblethatsecondparty(employer-based)qualificationandapproval(e.g.accordancewithANSI/ASNTCP-189[3])orqualificationandthirdpartycertification(e.g.inaccordancewithISO9712[1]orEN473[2]),followedbyon-the-jobtrainingdoesnotprovidetherequireddegreeconfidenceforsafetycriticalinspections,andthisTechnicalSpecificationprovidescriteriatoassistinpreparinganindividualforperformance-basedqualificationexaminations.ANSI/ASNTCP-189[3]）（如根据IO91[1或EN47[2QualificationtothisTechnicalSpecificationislimitedtothespecificapplications,usingthespecificdocumentedprocedureintheperformance-basedqualificationprogramme.本文件的鉴定仅限于使用操作能力鉴定程序中的特定工艺规程，特定应用的鉴定。（ISO/IEC17024合格评定人员认证机构的通用要求下列术语和定义适用于本文件。报考人candidateindividualseekingqualificationunderaqualificationprocedurewhohassatisfiedallprerequisitesdetailedinthequalificationdocument.符合资格鉴定文件要求并寻求通过资格鉴定程序取得资格鉴定的个人。NOTEThequalificationdocumentisadescriptionofthequalificationsystem,includingallapplicableconditions,agreedbetweenthepartiestothequalification.注：资格鉴定文件是对资格鉴定体系的描述，包括资格鉴定各方同意的所有适用条件。认证机构certificationbodybodythatadministersproceduresforcertificationaccordingtotherequirementsofthisTechnicalSpecificationandwhichfulfillstherequirementsofISO/IEC17024根据本文件的要求，管理认证程序并满足ISO/IEC17024要求的机构。雇主employerlegalentityforwhichthecandidateforqualificationorthequalifiedindividualworksonaregularbasis资格鉴定报考人或符合资质的个人定期为其工作的法人实体。基本参数essentialparameterparameteroftheNDTmethod,technique,thecomponent,anddefectsthatthetestisintendedtodetectorcharacterize无损检测方法、技术、部件以及测试待检测或表征缺陷的参数。误报falsecallreportingadefectwhennoneexists报告不存在的缺陷。分级单元gradingunitsectionofaqualificationspecimenNOTEGradingunitscanbeofunequallengthsandspacing,andeitherwithorwithoutdiscontinuities.资格鉴定用试样的一部分。注：分级单元的不连续可以长度或间距不等，有或没有不连续。工业部门委员会industrysectorcommitteebodycomprisedofindividualsrepresentativeoftheinterestsintheinspectiontobequalified由代表检测相关方利益的受鉴定个体组成的机构。无损检测资格鉴定考官NDTqualificationexaminerimpartialindividualwhoiscertifiedtoNDTlevel3withinaschemerecognizedbythequalificationbody,andwhoisqualifiedinthespecificNDTapplication在资格鉴定机构认可的体系内获得NDT3级资质，并在特定无损检测应用中获得资格的公正个人。无损检测工艺规程NDTprocedurewrittendescriptionofallessentialparametersandprecautionstobeappliedwhennon-destructivelytestingproductsinaccordancewithstandard(s),code(s)orspecification(s)根据标准、规范或说明对产品进行无损检测时，采用的所有基本参数和预防措施的书面描述。操作能力鉴定程序performance-basedqualificationprogrammemethodologyforestablishingtheabilityofaspecificqualificationsystem(forequipment,procedures,andpersonnel)toachievearequiredlevelofperformance确定特定资格体系（设备、程序和人员）达到所需操作能力的方法。资格鉴定机构qualificationbodyindependententitythatadministersqualificationofNDTpersonnel,NDTequipmentandNDTprocedures管理无损检测人员、设备和工艺规程鉴定的独立实体。资格鉴定证书qualificationcertificatedocumentissuedundertherulesofaqualificationsystemindicatingthatadequateconfidenceisprovidedthatNDTprocedures,equipmentandpersonneloranycombinationofthesearecapable,foraspecificnon-destructivetest,ofachievingthestatedobjectives资格鉴定程序qualificationprocedureorderlysequenceofrulesdescribinghowaspecificnon-destructivetestonaspecificcomponentisqualified描述如何对特定部件进行特定无损检测的有序规则。资格鉴定试样qualificationspecimenexampleorasimulationofthecomponentforwhichthenon-destructivetestisqualifiedwhich,asappropriate,replicatessize,geometry,materialpropertiesandcontainingdiscontinuitiestobeencounteredonsiteResponsibilities资格鉴定机构QualificationbodyAqualificationbodyshalldevelopandadministerthequalificationprocess,inaccordancewiththequalificationprocedure,andissuecertificatesofqualificationuponcompliancewiththisTechnicalSpecificationandISCspecificrequirements.鉴定机构应根据鉴定程序制定和管理鉴定过程，并在符合本文件和ISC具体要求的情况下颁发资格鉴定证书。雇主EmployerAnemployerisresponsibleforauthorizingemployeestoperformNDTforwhichtheyarequalifiedincompliancewiththisTechnicalSpecificationandISCspecificrequirements.雇主负责授权符合本文件和ISC具体要求的员工实施无损检测。工业部门委员会IndustrysectorcommitteeAnISCestablishesqualificationrequirementsforspecificindustryapplications,andadvisesthequalificationbodyonalltechnicalandproceduralmattersconcerningthequalification.ISC为特定行业应用制定资格要求，并就与资格相关的所有技术和程序事宜向资格鉴定机构提供建议。QualificationoftheNDTprocedureToensureeffectiveandconsistentevaluationofpersonnel,theNDTprocedureshallfirstbequalifiedinaccordancewithAnnexA.Thequalifiedprocedureisvalidonlywhentheessentialparametersareappliedandcontrolledasdefinedwithintheprocedure.Theprocedurequalificationshalldemonstratethecapabilitytoresolvemandatorydetectablediscontinuitiesunderrepresentativeconditions.APrerequisitesforperformance-basedqualificationexaminationsTobepermittedtocontinuewiththeperformance-basedqualificationexamination,thecandidateshallfulfileither6.1.1or6.1.2.为了获准继续进行操作能力鉴定考试，报考人应满足第6.1.1或6.1.2的要求。Thecandidateshallprovideevidenceofcurrentlevelor3certificationinthemethod(s)forwhichheistobequalifiedunderthisTechnicalSpecification.ForNDTlevel2personnel,thecertificationmaybefromanationallyrecognizedemployer-basedprogrammeoracertificationbodyacceptedbytheICS.ForNDTlevel3personnel,thecertificationshallbefromacertificationbody.232ISC3ThecandidateshallsatisfythetrainingandexperienceestablishedbytheISCin6.2andsuccessfullycompletewrittenexaminationsadministeredbyacertificationapprovedbytheISC.ThecertificationbodyacceptedbytheISCshallconfirmconformancewiththeforegoing.ISC6.2ISCISCCandidatesforqualificationshallhavesufficienttrainingandspecificpracticalexperiencetoensuretheyarecapableofperformingnon-destructivetestsusingthequalifiedNDTprocedure.Theexperiencemaybeobtainedwiththeuseofvirtualtrainingsystems,orbyexaminingrepresentativespecimens,thatmaybelocatedinalaboratory,withrelevantandnon-relevantdiscontinuitiesthatmaybelocatedinalaboratory,analysingrecordeddatafromautomatic,digitaloranaloguesystems.报考人应具有足够的培训和特定实践经验，以确保他们能够使用合格的无损检测工艺规程进行无（）操作能力鉴定考试Performance-basedqualificationexamination资格鉴定用试样QualificationspecimensTheISCshall:—specifythemandatorydetectablediscontinuitiessizeandtype,consultationtheregulator,originalequipmentmanufacturerordesignauthoritywhereappropriate,applicablecodes,standardsandengineeringprinciples;and—confirmthatqualificationspecimensareconsistentwiththespecification.ISC应该：——确认鉴定试样与规范一致。试样的配置AssemblyofthespecimensThediscontinuitiesinthespecimensthatthecandidatesshallreportmaybeactualorsimulatedandshallrangeinsizefromtheminimumdetectableusingqualifiedproceduretonotmorethanthemaximumsizespecifiedbytheISCin7.1.ThetoleranceforreportingdiscontinuitydimensionsbycandidatesshallbedeterminedbytheISC.ISC7.1ISCAsaminimum,asetofspecimensorgradingunitscontainingatleastdiscontinuitiesisrequired.最少需要一套包含至少10个不连续的试样或分级单元。Thespecimenorgradingunitsetscontainingdiscontinuitiesforeachpracticalexaminationshallbeassembledfromthespecimenbankusingarandomprocess,whiletakingreasonablestepstoachieveconsistentlevelofdifficulty.每次实作考试的试样或者分级单元要包含不连续，应通过随机过程并采取合理的步骤从试样库中进行组合，以确保难度水平相对一致。Blank(containingnodiscontinuities)qualificationspecimensorgradingunitsshallbeincludedinthespecimensetsothatnomorethanone-thirdofthespecimensorgradingunitsinthesetcontaindiscontinuitiesrequiredtobedetected.ExamplesareprovidedinTable1.试样组中应包含无不连续的资格鉴定用试样或分级单元，以确保试样组中包含需检测出的不连续的试样或分级单元不超过三分之一。表1提供了示例。Table1—Numbersofgradingunitswithandwithoutdiscontinuities表1包含和不包含不连续的分级单元的数量包含不连续的分级单元不含不连续的最小分级单元最低总分级单元10（最低要求a）2030112233122436132639142842153045a如果包含不连续的分级单元与不含不连续的分级单元的比例保持在1:2或更小，则可增加上述分级单元。Theuniqueidentificationofspecimensorgradingunitswithorwithoutdiscontinuitiesshallbemaskedsuchthatneithercanbeidentified.应遮盖有或无不连续的试样或分级单元的唯一标识，以确保两者均无法识别。AdministrationandgradingexaminationsTheminimumdetectionandfalsecallrateshallbedeterminedbytheISC.最小检测率和误报率应由ISC确定。ThequalificationbodyshallberesponsiblefortheadministrationandgradingofexaminationsandshallappointtheNDTqualificationexaminer.Provisionstoensuretheconfidentialityofqualificationmaterials(e.g.qualificationspecimensandanswersheets)shallbeincludedintheproceduresofthequalificationbody.Accesstosuchqualificationmaterialsshallbelimited,andthequalificationexaminationsshallbemaintainedinsecurefiles.（如Candidatesfailinginitiallyareallowedtobere-examined.Candidatesfailingre-examinationshallreceiveadditionaldocumentedtrainingandexperienceasdeterminedtheISCbeforefurtherre-examination.Forallre-examinations,thecandidateshallbepresentedwithatleast50%newdiscontinuities.ISC确定的50%鉴定后的要求Post-qualificationrequirements继续执业ContinuingpracticeOncequalified,NDTpersonnelshallpracticeNDTapplicabletothescopeofthequalificationheldwithsufficientfrequencyasdeterminedbytheemployer.Thismayachievedbyexaminingrealorvirtualpartssimilartothoseusedintheperformance-basedqualificationprogramme.Continuingpracticeshallbesupervisedanddocumentedbyanlevel3asaprerequisitetoperiodicperformancedemonstration.应由3级无损检测人员监督和记录持续操作能力，持续操作能力以定期进行操作能力演示作为先决条件。定期操作能力演示PeriodicperformancedemonstrationThefrequencyandcontentofperiodicperformancedemonstrationshallbedeterminedbytheISC.PeriodicperformancedemonstrationsshallbeconductedunderthedirectcontroloftheISConspecimensprovidedbythequalificationbody.ISCISCThecandidateshalltestaminimumoftwogradingunitscontainingdiscontinuities,plusoneormoregradingunitswithoutdiscontinuities,detectingandcharacterizingallmandatorydetectablediscontinuitiesinaccordancewiththequalificationprocedure.NDTlevel3intherespectivetestmethod,appointedbytheISC,shallsuperviseandgradetheperformancedemonstration.TheNDTlevel3shallalsoverifytheindividualhasmaintainedavisionexaminationasrequiredinClause10,underthecandidatescurrentNDTlevel2or3certification.TheNDTlevel3shallalsoverifythecurrentcertification.ISC323103Ifthecandidateisunsuccessful,ClauseapplieswiththeNDTlevel3selectingasimilarnumberofdiscontinuitiestobedetectedandccuratelysizedaccordingly.37ValidityQualificationshallbeinvalidunderthefollowingconditions:a)iftheprerequisitecertificationbecomesinvalid;whereperformanceisdeterminedtobedeficientasindicatedbytheperiodicperformancedemonstration;whentheperformancedemonstrationintervalexceeds12months(seeNote);d)asdeterminedbythequalifyingbodyafterconsultationwiththeISC.Afullperformance-basedqualificationexaminationconductedinaccordancewithClause7isrequirediftheoriginalqualificationbecomesinvalid,exceptasnotedbelow.NOTEIftheperformancedemonstrationintervalexceeds12monthsbutislessthan24months,thequalificationcanbereinstatedfollowingasuccessfulperformancedemonstration.在下列情况下，鉴定无效：12）；ISC如果鉴定失效，则需要根据第7条进行全面的操作能力鉴定考试，除下述注释情况外。1224RecordsanddocumentationThequalificationbodyisresponsibleformaintainingthequalificationrecord,whichshallincludeatleastthefollowinginformation:a)identificationandcontactinformationofcandidate;b)copyofthecertificateofqualification;c)uniquereferencenumberofallspecimenstested;d)gradedNDTreportsproducedbythecandidate;datesofqualificationandperiodicperformancedemonstrations;signature,printedname,andtitleofthequalificationbody’scertifyingrepresentative;evidencethat,atinitialqualificationandannualperformancedemonstration,boththevisionandNDTcertificationarevalid;acopyofthecandidate’srecordofcontinuingpractice;i)theinspectionproceduretowhichtheinspectorisqualified.(a)报考人的身份和联系方式；(b)资格鉴定证书复印件；(e)(i)检测人员有资格执行的检测工艺。附录A（规范性）Non-destructivetestingprocedurequalification无损检测工艺规程的评定StatusofthisannexThisannexisgeneric;itcanbeadaptedtotheapplicationofanyparticularNDTmethodtovirtuallyanyproductorindustrysector.本附录具有通用性，适用于任何特定无损检测方法在几乎任何产品或工业门类的应用。无损检测程序确认Non-destructivetestingprocedureconfirmationProcedurequalificationshallbeusedtoconfirmthattheNDTprocedureprovidesreliableandrepeatableresultssothatitremovestheprocedureasavariableinevaluatingpersonnelperformance.工艺规程评定应用于确认无损检测工艺规程提供了可靠且可重复的结果，从而避免工艺规程成为影响人员操作能力的因素。QualificationstepsTableA.1indicatesthestepswhichshallbetakentoqualifyNDTprocedures.Itdoesnotnecessarilyindicatetheorderinwhichthestepsaretaken.表A.1为工艺规程评定的步骤，不是对步骤顺序的规定。TableA.1—StepstoqualificationofNDTprocedures表A.1无损检测工艺规程评定步骤评定前参考职责A.4设计机构/企业/操作人员评定中参考职责A.5,A.6资格鉴定机构颁发/拒绝工艺规程的认证A.7.3资格鉴定机构编制并最终确定工艺规程评定档案A.7.2资格鉴定机构评定后参考职责维护评定档案A.7.2资格鉴定机构InputinformationPriortothestartofNDTqualification,allnecessaryinputinformationforthequalificationhastobemadeavailable.Thisinformationistypically:—objectivesofthequalificationexercise;—fulldescriptionandconditionofthecomponenttobenon-destructivelytested;—siteconditions/environmentalconsiderations,constraintsandlimitations;—typeanddimension,positionandorientation,ofdiscontinuitiestobedetectedand/orsized,dependingonthesituationconsidered;—thenon-destructivetestperformance(detection,sizingandlocation)tobeachieved;—theNDTtechnique,equipmentandpersonnelrequirements.无损检测评定开始前，必须提供评定所需的所有输入信息。这些信息通常包括：—操作目的；—待无损检测部件的完整说明和状态；—现场条件/环境因素、限制和局限性；—待检测和/或评定的不连续的类型和尺寸、位置和方向，视情况而定；—要达到的无损检测实施效果（检出、定量和定位）；—无损检测技术、设备和人员要求。QualificationmethodologyTheNDTprocedure,NDTequipmentandtestspecimensshallbequalifiedbyopentrialsusingqualificationspecimensasdefinedin7.1.应使用符合7.1规定的鉴定试样通过开放试验进行无损检测工艺规程、设备和试样的评定。Whereanitemoftheequipmentfallswithinthescopeofanationalorinternationalstandard(whichspecifiesqualificationrequirements)orotherwrittenspecification,thequalificationshallinclude,whereappropriate:—apaperstudytodeterminetherelevanceofthestandardorspecificationstothespecificcase;—proofofcompliancewiththestandard(s).Whereanitemoftheequipmentdoesnotfallwithinthescopeofanappropriatestandardorspecification,ortheISCdoesnotwanttouseexistingstandardsorspecifications,theISChastheoptionofsettingasidetherequirementsofexistingstandardsspecification,thequalificationshallincludeopentrialsorotherexperimentaldesignedtomeasuretheessentialparametersidentifiedduringtheanalysisofparametersthatcouldinfluencethetest.Inthiscase,theNDTprocedureshallidentifytheessentialparametersandshallspecifyallowablevaluesandtolerances.如果国家或国际标准规定了鉴定要求，或其他书面规范中对设备项点有明确要求，则评定应包括（如适用）：—确定标准或规范与具体案例的相关性的学术研究；—符合标准的证明。ISCISCOpentrialsPersonnelcarryingouttestinginopentrialsforprocedurequalification,whoaresubsequentlycandidatesforqualification,shalltestdifferentspecimensintheirqualificationexamination(s).TheNDTprocedureshallconsiderallaspectssuchasthetechniques,equipment,decisionstepsusedandpersonnel.Thistypicallyincludes:—thedescriptionoftheNDTequipment(includingsoftwareused);—NDTtechniques;—calibrationrequirements;—thelistofessentialparameters;—therangeofvariationacceptablefortheseparameters;—non-destructivetestpersonnelrequirements;—instrumentsettings;—scanningmethodandsensitivity;—reportinglevelandacceptancestandard;—decisionprocesstointerprettheindications;—documentationrequirements;—limitationsimposedbysiteconditions(normallydefinedininputinformation),e.g.access,environment,timeconstraints;—materialtypes,geometries,sizeranges,etc.无损检测工艺规程应考虑所用技术、设备、关键步骤和人员等各个方面，通常包括：—无损检测设备的说明（包括使用的软件）；—无损检测技术；—校准要求；—基本参数列表；—这些参数可接受的范围偏差；—无损检测人员要求；—仪器设置；—扫查方法和灵敏度；—报告等级和验收标准；—显示的解释及说明；—文件要求；—现场条件（通常在输入信息中定义）的限制，例如可达性、环境、时间限制；—材料类型、几何形状、尺寸范围等。NDTproceduresinwhichthedecisionstepsarenotspecifiedinfulldetailarenotsuitableforqualification,becausetheperformancecoulddependexcessivelyontheexperienceoftheevaluatingNDTpersonnel.没有详细规定关键步骤的无损检测工艺规程不能通过评定，因为操作能力可能过度依赖于无损检测人员的经验。IntheNDTprocedure,allthedecisionstepsrelatedtocombinationandinterpretationoftheresultsofthedifferenttechniquesallowingpersonneltoarriveatthefinalresultshallbewrittendowninaclear,logicalandtraceablemanner.ThisminimizestheextentthattheresultsdependontheexperienceoftheevaluatingNDTpersonnel.TheessentialparametersintheNDTproceduresdevelopedtoqualifyNDTpersonnelshallbeidenticaltothoseusedinservice.为鉴定无损检测人员而制定的无损检测工艺规程中的基本参数应与实际检测相同。Thequalificationspecimensused,andthediscontinuitiescontainedwithinthem,shallbefromthespecimenbankthatistobeusedtoqualifypersonnel,andshallreplicatetheactualcomponentsthatthequalifiedpersonnelaretotestinservice.所使用的鉴定试样以及其中包含的不连续应来自用于人员资质鉴定的试样库，并应与具有资质的无损检测人员检测的实际部件相类似。Responsibilitiesofthepartiesinvolved协议AgreementTheresponsibilitiesforNDTandNDTqualification,respectively,shallbethesubjectofanagreementbetweeninterestedpartiespriortoqualificationcommencing.Thisincludesidentificationofthequalificationbody.无损检测和无损检测鉴定的责任应在鉴定开始前由相关方达成协议。这包括鉴定机构的识别。Whensafetyissuesareinvolvedtheinterestedpartiesmayincludearegulatorybody.当涉及安全问题时，相关方可能包括监管机构。QualificationbodyTheresponsibilityofthequalificationbodyinthistextreferstotheNDTprocedureandtothepersonnelinthecaseswheretheyareinvolvedinthequalification.本文件中资格鉴定机构应对无损