世纪商务英语外贸英语第二版课后翻译、术语、填空答案

internationaltrade(worldtrade,foreigntrade,overseastrade)1.国际贸易2.比较优势3.规模经济4.经济增长5.外汇6.有形贸易7.无形贸易8.贸易差额9.贸易顺差10.贸易逆差comparativeadvantageeconomyofscaleeconomicgrowthforeigncurrency/exchangevisibletradeinvisibletradebalanceoftrade/tradebalancetradesurplus/positivebalanceoftradetradedeficit/negativebalanceoftradedescriptionofcommodity1.商品描述2.对等样品3.复样4.参考样品5.凭规格买卖6.良好平均品质7.上好适销品质8.品牌9.商标10.品质公差countersampleduplicatesampleoriginalsamplereferencesamplesalebyspecificationsFAQGMQbrandtrademarkqualitytolerance11.品质机动幅度12.数量13.计量单位14.公吨15.溢短装条款16.包装17.纸箱18.装运标志/唛头19.指示性标志20.警告性标志qualitylatitudequantityunitofmeasurementmetrictonmoreorlessclausepackingshippingmarkindicativemarkswarningmarkstradebarrier11.贸易壁垒12.非关税壁垒13.财政关税14.保护关税15.进口关税16.出口关税17.从量税18.从价税19.进口许可证20.配额non-tariffbarrierrevenuetariffprotectiontariffimportdutyexportdutyspecificdutyadvaloremdutyImportlicensequotaunitprice1.单价2.总值3.欧元4.英镑5.价格术语6.计价货币7.支付货币8.本币totalamountEUR/EuroGBPpricetermmoney/currencyofaccountmoney/currencyofpaymenthomecurrencyhardcurrency9.硬(通)货币10.软(通)货币11.汇率12.外汇保值条款13.中间商14.明佣15.现金折扣16.数量折扣softcurrencyexchangerateexchangeprovisoclauseintermediaryplaincommissioncashdiscountquantitydiscountcfs/containerfreightstation11.集装箱堆场12.多式联运13.托运人14.收货人15.装运时间16.装运港17.目的港18.分批装运19.转运20.装运通知multimodaltransportconsignorconsigneetimeofshipmentportofshipmentportofdestinationshippingnotice/advicepartialshipmenttransshipmentinsurancecoverage11.保险险别/范围12.平安险13.水渍险14.一切险15.战争险16.保险单17.保险凭证18.预约/开口保单19.联合凭证20.批单FPAWPAAllRisksWarRiskinsurancepolicyinsurancecertificateopenpolicycombinedcertificateendorsementinsurer1.承保人/保险人2.投保人/被保险人3.保（险）费4.保险金额5.全部损失6.部分损失7.共同海损8.单独海损9.施救费用10.救助费用insuredpremiuminsuredamounttotallosspartiallossgeneralaverageparticularaveragesueandlaborexpensessalvagechargemodeoftransport1.运输方式2.班轮3.不定期轮4.程租船5.期租船6.铁路运输7.集装箱运输8.整箱货9.拼箱货10.集装箱货运站seatransportlinertramprailtransportroadtransportairtransportcontainertransportFCL/fullcontainerloadLCL/lessthancontainerloaddraft/billofexchange1.汇票2.出票人3.受票人/付款人4.受款人5.支票6.本票7.支付方式8.汇付9.信汇10.电汇drawerdrawee/payerpayeecheckpromissorynotetermofpaymentremittance/remitmailtransfer(M/T)telegraphictransfer(T/T)demanddraft(D/D)11.票汇12.不可撤销信用证13.保兑信用证14.即期信用证15.远期信用证16.不可转让信用证17.跟单托收18.承兑交单19.即期付款交单20.远期付款交单irrevocableL/CconfirmedL/CsightL/Cusance/timeL/Cnon-transferableL/CdocumentarycollectionDocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)DocumentsagainstPayment/D/PatsightDocumentsagainstPayment/D/Paftersightinspectioncertificateofquality1.质量检验证书2.数量检验证书3.重量检验证书4.价值检验证书5.原产地证6.异议7.索赔inspectioncertificateofquantityinspectioncertificateofweightinspectioncertificateofvaluecertificateoforigindiscrepancyclaimpenalty8.罚金9.赔偿10.不可抗力11.仲裁机构12.仲裁庭13.裁决14.审理compensate/compensationforcemajeurearbitrationagencyarbitrationtribunal(tribunal)awardhearingapplicant1.开证申请人2.受益人3.开证行4.通知行5.保兑行6.代理行7.议付行8.偿付行9.付款行10.有效期11.承兑12.修改通知书Beneficiaryopeningbank/issuingbankadvisingbank/notifyingbankconfirmingbankcorrespondentbanknegotiatingbankreimbursingbankpayingbankvalidityacceptance/acceptamendmentnotification

Experiencehasshownthatthepackingusedintransportationofgoodsforhometradeisnotusually___________toforeignshipping.Mostforeignshippingtakesmanyweeksormonthstoreachitsdestinationandfrequently___________roughhandlinginloadingand___________.Therefore,packingmustbestrongenough.Ofcourse,considerationmustalsobe___________topackingcostandtheweatherconditionsthroughwhichtheshipsailsenrouteandthoseinthecountryof___________.Besides,thesellerhasto___________theshipmentaslightlyandcompactlyaspossibleinorderto___________thefreightcharges.However,strengthandappearanceshouldnotbe___________forasavinginfreight.suitedundergoesunloadinggivendestinationpackminimizesacrificed

Eachcountryhasitsown___________and,sinceexchangeratesarecontinuouslychanging,theexporterisfacedwith___________.Thedangeristhattherateofexchangewillchangebetweenthedateofthe___________andthedateofpayment.Ratesofexchangecan___________rapidly,particularlywhenthereisnointernational___________tofixtheratesforaparticularcurrency.Thebankscanhelptheexportertoovercomethis___________byprovidingforwardexchangecover.Thenitwouldbethebankwhich___________thelossifandwhenonecurrencyfallsinvalue,buthewillmakeaprofitifthecurrency___________invalue.currencyuncertaincontractfluctuateagreementproblemsuffersrises

TheCIFcontractisatypeofcontractwhichismorewidelyandmorefrequentlyinusethananyothercontractsusedfor___________ofsea-bornebusiness.Alargenumberof___________arecarriedouteveryyearunderCIFcontracts.Theseller’sobligationsunderCIFcontracthavebeen___________asfollows:

(1)toshipthegoodsascontainedinthecontractattheportof___________;

(2)toobtainacontractunderwhichthegoodswillbe___________atthedestinationstipulatedinthecontract;

(3)toarrangefora/an___________uponthetermscurrentinthetradewhichwillbeavailableforthebenefitsofthebuyer;

(4)tomakeouta/an___________withtheagreedprice,ortheactualcost,commissioncharges,freight,insurancepremiumandsoon;

(5)to___________therelativedocumentstothebuyertoenablehimtoobtaindeliveryofthegoods.purposestransactionsdefinedshipmentdeliveredinsuranceinvoicesubmit

In___________portofshipmentandportofdestination,severalconsiderationsmustbemade.First,trytomaketheportclearifpossible.Second,makesomeflexibilityby___________optionalportsbecausesometimeswhenthecontractis___________,itmightnotbepossibleto___________preciselyontheexactpointwherethegoodsshouldbedeliveredbythesellerforcarriageoratthefinaldestination.Third,consider___________factors.Forexample,whenacountryis___________aninternationalsanction,sellersmightwantto___________goingtotheportinthatcountry.Fourth,considerport___________,facilitiesandcharges.choosingallowingdecideunderavoidundergoesundergoesundergoes

Insuranceisthebusinessforprovidingfinancial___________forlossesthattheinsuredsuffers.Thepaymentsaremadefromthepoolofinsurance___________andreturnsoninvestmentoftheinsurancecompany.Insurancepremiumsarethemoneythe___________paystoaninsurancecompanyfortakingoutaninsurance___________.Itis___________accordingtothevalueofwhatisinsuredandthescopeofinsurance___________desired.Aninsurancepolicyisthedocumentissuedbytheinsurertotheinsuredafterpremiumispaid.Itsetsouttheexacttermsinaninsurancetransactionsuchastheinsurancecoverage,theinsuredamount,thepremiumrateandtheinsuranceduration.Theinsurancepolicyisthekeydocumentfortheinsuredto___________aclaimintheeventoflosses.Ifalltherequireddocumentsarefoundinorderandthecauseofthelossaninsuredrisk,theinsurancecompanypaysindemnitywhichisexpressedastheinsuredvalue.Aninsurance___________canbeconsideredasasimplifiedformofinsurancepolicy.compensationpremiumsinsuredpolicycalculatedcoveragelodgecertificate

Paymenteitherbyremittanceorby___________dependsonthecommercialcreditofthetraders,while,underL/C,itisthe___________creditthatbothpartiescounton.Thissolvesthepossibleproblemsarisingfromthe___________betweentheexporterandtheimporterasanL/Cenablestheexporterto___________onanamedbankwhenhe___________therequireddocuments.Thus,underL/C,theexporterfeelsassuredthatsolongashehasmadethe___________ofthegoodsandgottherequired___________,hecangetthepaymentinduecourseandtheimporteralsofeelsateasethathecangettheshippingdocumentswhenheeffectsthe___________ofthegoods.collectionbankdistrustdrawpresentsdeliverydocumentspayment

Moreandmoregreatcorporationshavecometoconsidertheir“natural”marketstobetheglobe,notjusttheir______countries.Thestruggleinautomobiles,computers,telecommunicationsandsteelisforsharesofaworld_______.Thisisthewaywefindthe___________likeIBMorGMconsideringthewholeglobeastheir“sourcing”of_____materials,thelocationofproductionandtheplaceofsaleseffort.Withmodernrapidair____________,instantglobaldatainformationandhighlyorganizedsystemsof__________,themanufactureofcommoditiesismoreandmoreeasilymovedtothecountriesthatproducethemmorecheaply,andtheirsaleis_______onthecountriesthatrepresenttherichestmarkets.Thus,wehavearadiowhosesparepartshavebeenmadeinHongKong,assembledinMexicoand_____intheUnitedStates.homemarketcompaniesrawtransportationproductionfocusedsold

Arbitrationisaprocedurewherebyadisputeis___________forafinalandbindingdecisiontoapersonorpersonsratherthanthecourts.Arbitrationmaybe___________incertaincasesbystatute.However,suchcasesarerare,andtherighttoarbitrateusually___________fromthearbitrationclauseinacontractoranarbitration___________.Thepartiesareobligatedtoarbitrateonlythoseissuesthattheyhaveagreedto___________.Theterm“award”describesthe___________ofthearbitrators.Anawardis___________onallissuessubmittedandmaybejudicially___________.Onceanissueissubmittedforarbitration,itisnolongeropentojudicialreview.submittedrequiredarisesagreementarbitratedecisionbindingenforcedAdocumentary____________isawrittenundertakingofabank,madeattherequestoftheimporter,topaytheexporterasumofamountagainstdocuments.The___________isthepartyinwhosefavortheletterofcreditisissued,andwhoisentitledtoreceivethepayment,thatis,theexporter.The___________isthepartywhoappliesfortheopeningofaletterofcredit,thatis,theimporter.The___________bankislocatedintheimporter’scountryandopenstheletterofcreditonbehalfoftheimporter.The___________bankislocatedintheexporter’scountry,andinformstheexporterthataletterofcredithasbeenopenedinhisfavorandtransferstheL/Ctotheexporter.letterofcreditbeneficiaryapplicantopeningadvisingThe___________bankbuysanexporter’sdraftsubmittedtoitunderaletterofcreditandthenforwardsthedraftanddocumentstothepayingbankforreimbursement.The___________bankisrequestedtoadditsowncommitmenttotheletterofcredit.The___________bankmakespaymenttothebeneficiaryagainstpresentationofrequireddocuments.Itisusuallytheopeningbankbutcanalsobeathirddesignatedbank.The___________bankislocatedinthethirdcountryandreimbursesthemoneytothenegotiatingbankonbehalfoftheopeningbank.A___________orsecondbeneficiaryisthepersontowhomtheL/Cismadeavailableinwholeorinpartbytheprimebeneficiary.negotiatingconfirmingpayingreimbursingtransferee

Exporters___________tobepaidbyL/Cmaybesadlydisappointed.AlthoughL/Cis___________asoneofthemostsecuremeansofobtainingpromptpaymentforsalesofgoods,exportersshouldbemadeto___________thattheycannevertotally___________thepaymentprocess.Itisdifficulttoobtain___________frombanksonhowoftenlettersofcreditgowrong.Sincebanksaresellingaproduct,itisunderstandablethatthereislittle___________ontheirpartinlettingthepublicknowhowoftentheproductdoesnotwork.Inpractice,delayedopeningoftheL/Cand___________betweenL/Candcontractorotherregulationsoftenoccurand___________thepaymentininternationaltrade.expectingconsideredunderstandcontrolinformationinterestdiscrepanciesinfluence3.Tolerancemeansthepermissiblerangewithinwhichthequalitysuppliedbythesellermaybeeithersuperiororinferiortothequalitystipulatedinthecontract.公差指卖方交货品质优于或劣于合同规定质量的许可范围。4.Itisverydifficulttomeasureaccuratelysomeagriculturalandmineralproductslikecorn,wheat,coal,etc.,thena“moreorlessclause”,alsocalled“plusorminusclause”,maybeusedtoallowsometoleranceinthequantity.有时难以保证装运商品的数量与合同规定完全相符，因此会使用溢短装条款或称增减条款以允许数量差额。5.Unlessthereisastipulationthatthequantityofthegoodsmustnotbeexceededorreduced,orthegoodsaretobecalculatedbynumberofpackage,5%moreorlessofthegoodsinquantityshouldbeaccepted.如果未规定商品质量不能增加或者减少，则可有5%的增减幅度。6.Packingshouldbedesignedaccordingtotheneedofthecargo.Bulkcargoesrequirelittlepacking.Generalmerchandisesrequireadequatepackingofvarioustypes.包装应按货物的需要来设计。散装货几乎不用包装，大路货需要不同类型的合适包装。7.我方对产品质量很满意，想知道它们是怎么包装的。Weappreciatethequalityofyourproductsbutwouldliketoknowhowtheyarepacked.8.豆子是以散装或尼龙袋供应的。Thebeansaresuppliedinbulkoringunnybags.9.我方采用纸箱而非木箱，因为纸箱同样适用于海上运输，但成本更少，重量更轻。Wehavenowadoptedcartonpackinginsteadofwoodencasesastheformerisjustasseaworthyasthelatterwhilethecostislessandtheweightlighter.10.每罐装330毫升零度可口可乐，每24罐装一纸箱。PacktheCocoColaZerointinsof330mleach,24tinstoacarton.1.Aunitpriceconsistsoffourparts:currencyunit,unitpricefigure,measuringunitandpriceterms.单价由四部分组成：计价货币、单位价格金额、计量单位和价格术语。2.InISO4217CurrencyCodeList,thecurrencycodeiscomposedofthecountry’stwocharacterInternetcountrycodeplusanextracharactertodenotethecurrencyunit.在国际标准化组织4217货币代码表中，货币代码由国家网络代码的两个字母和代表计价单位的另一个字母组成。3.Totalamountequalstotheunitpricemultipliedbythequantityofthegoods.ItisoftenshowninthecontractnotonlyinArabicnumbersbutalsoinEnglishwords.总值等于单价乘以商品的数量。合同中的总值不止用阿拉伯数字表示，还用英文字表示。4.Theoretically,useofhardcurrencyaspaymentcurrencyismorefavorabletotheexporter,whiletheimporterpreferstopayinsoftcurrency.理论上来说，以硬通货币作为支付货币对出口商来说更有利，而进口商更愿意用软货币。5.Foreignexchangerateisthepricerelationshipbetweenthecurrenciesoftwocountriesorthepriceofonecurrencyintermsoftheother.汇率就是两国货币间的价格关系或一种货币相对于另一种货币的价格。6.Plaincommissionisoftenrepresentedbyacapitalletter“C”followedapercentageofcommissionrate,whichisinsertedintothepriceterm,forexample,“USD200.00perM/TCIFC2%London”.明佣通常用大写字母“C”加上佣金的百分率，嵌入价格术语中来表示，如“CIF伦敦价每公吨200美元含2%佣金。”7.该报盘以我方最终确认为准。Theofferissubjecttoourfinalconfirmation.8.你方如果不把价格降到市场价格水平就没有希望做成买卖。Itwillbehopelesstogetthebusinessifyoudon’tbringyourpriceintolinewiththeworldmarket.9.请报最优惠的CIF伦敦价，包括3%佣金在内。We’dliketohaveyourmostfavorableCIFLondonprice,including3%commission.10.价格是上海工厂交货价每公吨300英镑。ThepriceisGBP300permetrictonEXWShanghai.1.Tradeterms,alsocalledpricetermsordeliveryterms,areanimportantpartofaunitprice

ininternationaltrade,standingforspecificresponsibilitiesandobligationsofboththebuyerandtheseller.贸易术语，又称价格术语或交货术语，是国际贸易中单价条款的重要组成部分，代表买卖双方各自特定的责任和义务。2.FCArequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport,whereapplicable.FCA要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。3.UnderCPT,thesellermustcontractforandpaythecostsofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedplaceofdestination.CPT下，卖方必须订立运输合同，自付费用将货物运至指定的目的地。4.UnderCIP,theselleralsocontractsforinsurancecoveragainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.CIP下，卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险。5.WhenCPT,CIP,CFRorCIFareused,thesellerfulfilsitsobligationtodeliverwhenithandsthegoodsovertothecarrierandnotwhenthegoodsreachtheplaceofdestination.在CPT,CIP,CFR或CIF适用的情形下，卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运人，而非货物到达指定目的地时，即告完全履行。6.卖方必须支付在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。Thesellermustpay,whereapplicable,thecostsofcustomsformalitiesnecessaryforexport,aswellasallduties,taxesandotherchargespayableuponexport.7.CFR适用于海洋运输和内河沿运，而CPT则适于任何运输方式。CFRisonlyappliedtoseaandinlandwaterwaytransportwhileCPTmaybeusedforanymodeoftransport.8.卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票。Thesellermustprovidethegoodsandthecommercialinvoiceinconformitywiththecontractofsale.9.自卖方交货之时起，买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。Thebuyerbearsallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimethegoodshavebeendelivered.10.FOB是指卖方在指定的装运港，将货物交至买方指定的船只上，或者指（中间销售商）设法获取按该种交付方式交付的货物。FOBmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyeratthenamedportofshipmentorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.1.Alineroperatesoveraregularroute,stopsatfixedportsaccordingtoanadvertisedschedule.Itsfreightisrelativelyfixedwithloadingandunloadingchargesincluded.集装箱运输可以提供整装整交的门到门服务、整装散交下的门到站服务、拼装散交下的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务。2.Multimodaltransportmeansthecarriageofcargoesbyatleasttwomodesoftransportonthebasisofamultimodaltransportcontractandonlyonemultimodaltransportoperator(MTO)isresponsiblefortakingthecargoesfromtheconsignoranddeliveringthemtotheconsignee.这是指在一份多式联运合同下，采用两种或两种以上运输方式，由一个多式联运经营人负责将货物从发货人运至收货人的运输方式。5.Thesellershallnotifythebuyerinashippingnoticethecontractnumber,nameofcommodity,quantity,nameofvessel,dateofshipment,etc.immediatelyaftereffectingshipmentsothatthebuyercanmakepreparationforreceivingthegoodsattheplaceofdestination.卖方应在装运通知，通知买方合同号，商品名称，数量，船名，装运日期，装运等后，买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备。6.我方得到通知，无法提前装运，只能延期到下个月。Wehavereceivednoticethatdeliveryhastobeputofftoearlynextmonth.7.对于CIF合同，我方一般规定装运港为“中国港口”，这样便于在就近口岸装运。Asarule,westipulate“ChinaPort”astheportofloading,soitwillbeconvenienttoshipthegoodsatanearport.8.我方可以把货物从汕头经香港转运到大阪。WecanhavethegoodsshippedfromShantoutoOsakaviaHongKong,wheretheycanbetransshipped.9.如合同规定“4到6月3等批每月装运一批”，则每批装运都形成一份独立的合同。Asthecontractprovided,goodsarerequestedtobeshippedinthreeequalmonthlyinstallmentsdaringApriltoJune,eachformsaseparatecontract.10.货物将于5月初到达你方港口，届时我方将电话通知你方。ItwillreachyourportofdestinationinearlyMay.Weshallgiveyouacalltoletyouknow.1.Cargotransportinsuranceisacontractwherebytheinsurer,onthebasisofpremiumpaid,undertakestoindemnifytheinsuredagainstlosses.货物保险即承保人在获得保险费的情况下对所保货物承担损失的补偿的契约。2.Thelossescanfallintototallossandpartialloss.Totallossofgoodscanfurtherbedividedintoactualtotallossandconstructivetotalloss.Partiallosscanbeeithergeneralaverageorparticularaverage.损失可以分为两种：全部损失和部分损失。全部损失可以进一步分为实际全损和推定全损。部分损失可分为共同海损和单独海损。3.Generalaverageisinusewhenboththeshipandthegoodsonboardareendangeredandthecaptain,forthesafetyoftheshipandthegoodsonboard,intentionallyandreasonablydoessomesacrificesormakessomeexpenses.Particularaveragemeansthataparticularconsignmentispartiallydamaged.当船只和船上货物受到威胁时，船长为了维护船只以及船上货物的安全，故意合理牺牲部分货物或者产生费用，即为共同海损。4.Itshouldbenotedthat“AllRisks”doesnot,asitsnamesuggests,reallycoverallrisks.Itexcludescoverageagainstdamagecausedbywar,strikes,riots,etc.应该指出的是一切险并非如其名所示，真的包括一切风险。一切险条款不包括由战争、罢工、动乱等造成的损坏。5.Openpolicyisaconvenientmethodforinsuringthegoodswhereanumberofconsignmentsofsimilarexportgoodsareintendedtobecovered.预约保单是对一系列准备投保的相似货物进行投保的简便方法。6.由卖方按照发票金额的115%投保一切险。Insuranceistobecoveredbythesellerfor115%oftheinvoicevalue.7.我公司将按买方要求为这批货投保水渍险。We’llcoverthegoodsagainstWPAasrequiredbythebuyer.8.我认为偷窃提货不着险已包含在贵公司的CIF报价中。IthinkTPNDisincludedinyourCIFquotation.9.我公司同意加保破碎险，但其保险费由你方承担。WeagreetoaddthecoverageofBreakageRisk,butitspremiumshouldbebornebyyourcompany.10.请根据中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物保险条款按发票金额的120%向该公司投保水渍险。Insuranceistobecoveredfor120%oftheinvoicevalueagainstWPAasperofthePeople'sInsuranceCompanyofChina.1.Draft,alsoreferredtoasbillofexchange,isanunconditionalwrittenorderissuedbyoneperson(thedrawer)toanother(thedrawee),requiringthelattertopayondemand,oratafixedtimeordeterminablefuturetimeasumofmoneytoortotheorderofaspecifiedperson,ortothebearer(thepayee).汇票是一个人（出票人）向另一个人（受票人）签发的，要求其在见票时、某一特定时间、或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给某人或者持票人（受款人）的票据。2.Sightdraftcallsforimmediatepaymentonpresentationtothedraweewhiletimedraftispayableatalaterdate,e.g.30,45,60,or90daysaftersightoracertaindate.即期汇票要求受票人示票后立即付款，远期汇票要求在见票后30、45、60、90天或某一特定日期进行付款。3.Accordingtothedifferentmeansofsendingthetrustdeedforpayment,remittancecanbedividedintomailtransfer(M/T),telegraphictransfer(T/T)anddemanddraft(D/D).根据银行间转交信托书的方式，汇付可分为信汇、电汇和票汇。4.L/Cisawrittenundertakingbyabanktotheexporterattherequest,andinaccordancewiththeinstructionoftheimportertoeffectpaymentuptoastatedsumofmoney,withinaprescribedtimelimitandagainstdocuments.Itisakindofbanker’scredit.信用证就是银行根据要求，按照买方指示承诺在某一特定时期内根据单据向卖方支付一定金额的书面承诺。跟单信用证是一种银行信用。5.AconfirmedL/Cmeansthattheconfirmingbankintheexporter’scountrywillpayiftheissuingbankcannotpay.Thus,theexporterhasdoubleassuranceofpaymentandisbetterprotected.保兑信用证是指如果开证行无法付款，则由出口国的保兑行进行支付。卖方具有获得货款的双重保证，能得到较好的保护。6.InthecaseofD/P,documentswillnotbereleasedtotheimporteruntilpaymentismade.ThereareD/PatsightandD/Paftersight.InthecaseofD/A,documentsarehandedovertotheimporteruponhisacceptanceofthedraftdrawnbytheexporter.Paymentwillnotbemadeuntilalaterdate.付款交单需要实际付款后交单，分为即期付款交单和远期付款交单。承兑交单时，进口商对出口商出具的汇票进行承兑后就能拿到单据，隔一段时间再进行付款。7.我们都让让步，一半用信用证，一半用付款交单怎么样？Tomeeteachotherhalfway,whatdoyousayto50%byL/C,andthebalancebyD/P?8.据我所知，你方按国际惯例，也接受其他支付方式。AsfarasIknow,younowdobusinessaccordingtointernationalpracticeandalsoacceptotherkindsoftermsofpayment.9.我方要求15%的预付货款于装运前一个月电汇至我公司。Wedemandapaymentof15%inadvanceberemittedbyT/Ttousonemonthbeforethedateofshipment.10.贵公司应凭我公司的跟单汇票于见票时付款。Youshouldmakepaymentagainstourdocumentarydraftuponpresentation.1.Inspectioncertificatesareusedtoshowwhetherthegoodsareinconformitywiththetermsofcontract.检验证书用来表明商品是否符合合同条款。2.Tomakeinspectionaftershipmentmeansthatthegoodsaretobeinspectedbytheinspectionagencyspecifiedinthecontractattheport/placeofdestinationorattheimporter’spremisesinimportingcountry.Theinspectioncertificateissuedthereunderisthefinalbasisofthegoodsdeliveredandtheimportercouldclaimagainsttheexportersupportedbyit.装运后检验是指由合同规定的检验机构在进口国目的港/目的地对货物进行检验，由此签发的检验证书作为交货的最后依据，买方可以以此为依据向卖方提出索赔。3.Sometimes,apenaltyclauseshouldbeincludedinthecontractincaseonepartyfailstocarryoutthecontractsuchasnon-delivery,delayeddeliveryanddelayedopeningofL/C.有时，在合同中有必要订立罚金条款，以防万一出现未交货、迟交货、或迟开信用证等一方违约的情形。4.Forcemajeurereferstothatapartyunderacontractisexemptedfornon-fulfillmentofhisobligationstotallyorpartiallyasaresultofconditionsbeyondhiscontrol.不可抗力是指由于无法控制的原因导致合同当事人全部或部分无法履行合同时免责。5.Incaseofaforcemajeureevent,thepartywhoquotestheclauseshouldgivepromptnoticetotheotherpartywithinthespecifiedtimelimit.Theforcemajeureeventshouldalsobeverifiedbyacertificate.发生不可抗力时，援引不可抗力条款的一方必须在规定期限内及时通知另一方。应有证明文件来证明这一不可抗力事件。6.Arbitrationisameansofsettlingdisputesbetweentwopartiesthroughathirdpartywhoisnotpartialtoeitherofthepartiestothedispute,andwhosedecisiononthedispute,i.e.,award,hastheforceoflawandisfinalandbinding仲裁是指争议双方的争端通过不偏袒双方当事人中任何一方的第三方来解决的办法，第三方的最终决定即裁决具有法律效力，是最终的且具有约束力的。7.如果争执双方通过谈判未能达成协议，则可提交仲裁。Anydisputesthatcannotbesettledbythetwopartiesthroughnegotiationshouldbesubmittedtoarbitration.8.我们必须在合同中加上不可抗力条款，明确如果出现这种情况谁来承担损失。Aforcemajeureclauseshouldbespecifiedinthesalescontracttomakeclearwhoistobearthelossesinthiscase.9.买方对货物的索赔应在货物抵达目的港的30天内提出。Anyclaimbythebuyerregardingthegoodsshallbefiledwithinthirtydaysafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.10.如果你方要提出索赔，需向我方提交一份由我方同意的检验机构出具的检验报告。Whenfilingaclaim,youshouldgiveusasurveyreportissuedbyaninspectionagencyapprovedbyus.1.UnderL/C,theexporterlookstothebankforpaymentinsteadofrelyingonabilityorwillingnessoftheimportertopay,buthecannotgetpaymentunlessheobeysallthetermsintheL/C.在信用证支付方式下出口方指望银行付款，而非进口方付款的能力或意愿，但出口方只有遵从信用证的所有条款，才能得到货款。2.TheimporteractsastheapplicantwhoappliesfortheopeningofL/C,whiletheexporterthebeneficiaryinwhosefavortheL/Cisissuedandwhoisentitledtoreceivethepayment.进口商向银行申请开立信用证，为开证申请人；出口商为信用证的受益人，有权接受货款，为受益人。3.TheadvisingbankchecksandestablishestheapparentauthenticityoftheL/C,theninformstheexporterandpassestheL/Ctohim.通知行检查信用证的表面真实性，通知出口方信用证已经开出，并将信用证递交出口方。4.Theexporterpresentsthedraft,togetherwiththeL/Candotherrequireddocumentstohisbank,thatis,negotiatingbankfornegotiationwithinthevalidityoftheL/C.出口商在信用证有效期内将汇票、信用证及其他必要单据送交议付行议付。5.Generallyspeaking,theL/Cshouldarrivetotheexporteratleast15daysbeforethetimeofshipmenttoallowsufficienttimetocheckandamend,i