早教英文课程课件

Thestudyof

children’sdevelopment早教英文课程Questions

(putyournameatthetop)1.Fromyourownexperience,doyouthinkthatdevelopmentiscontinuous,discontinuous,orboth?Giveoneormoreexamplestoillustrateyourthinking.2.Inyourview,whenpeoplechangeordevelopthisismostlyasaresultof: -experiencestheyhave -theirgeneticmakeupandunderlyingbiologicalchanges -acombinationofexperienceandbiologicalfactorsGiveanexampleofachangeinyourowndevelopmentthatdemonstrateswhatyouthink.早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.DomainsofDevelopmentDomainChangesinPhysicalBodysize&proportions,appearanceFunctioningofbodysystems,healthPerceptual&motorcapacitiesCognitiveIntellectualabilitiesLanguageEmotionalandSocialEmotionalcommunicationSelf-understanding,knowledgeaboutothersInterpersonalskills&relationshipsMoralreasoning&behavior早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.PeriodsofDevelopmentPrenatalConceptiontobirthInfancyandToddlerhoodBirthto2yearsEarlyChildhood2to6yearsMiddleChildhood6to11yearsAdolescence11to18yearsEmergingAdulthood18to25years早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.TheoryAnorderly,integratedsetofstatementsthatdescribesbehavior.explainsbehavior.predictsbehavior.Photodisc,Education2RoyaltyFree早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.BasicIssuesinDevelopmentContinuousordiscontinuous?Onecourseofdevelopmentormanypossiblecourses?Relativeinfluenceofnatureandnurture?Figure1.1早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.ContinuousorDiscontinuousDevelopmentFigure1.2早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.NatureandNurtureNature(Biology&genetics)Inborn,biologicgivensBasedongeneticinheritanceNurture(Experience)PhysicalandsocialworldInfluencesbiologicalandpsychologicaldevelopment©StuartMonk|D

早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.Stabilityvs.Plasticity?StabilityIndividualshighorlowinacharacteristicremainsoatlaterages.

Earlyexperiencemayahavelifelongimpact.PlasticityChangeispossible,basedon

experiences.早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.ResilientChildrenPersonalcharacteristicsAwarmparentalrelationshipSocialsupportoutsidetheimmediatefamilyCommunityresourcesandopportunities©AmiBeyer|D

早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.EatingDinnerTogetherCanMakeaDifferenceFigure2.8早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.HistoricalViewsofChildhoodMedievalEraChildhood(toage7or8)regardedasseparatephasewithspecialneeds,protections16thCenturyPuritan“childdepravity”views17thCenturyJohnLocke“tabularasa”or“blankslate”view;continuousdevelopment18thCenturyJean-JacquesRousseau“noblesavages”view;naturalmaturation早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.EarlyScientificStudy

ofDevelopmentEvolutionaryTheoryDarwin’sideasofnaturalselectionandsurvivalofthefittestarestillinfluential.NormativeApproachHall&Gesell:Age-relatedaveragesbasedonmeasurementsoflargenumbersofchildrenMentalTestingMovementBinet&Simon:Earlydevelopersofintelligencetests早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.Freud’sThreePartsof

thePersonalityIdLargestportionofthemindUnconscious,presentatbirthSourceofbiologicalneeds&desiresEgoConscious,rationalpartofmindEmergesinearlyinfancyRedirectsidimpulsesacceptablySuperegoTheconscienceDevelopsfromages3to6,frominteractionswithcaregivers早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.Erikson’sPsychosocialStagesBasictrustv.mistrustBirth–1yearIdentityv.roleconfusionAdolescenceAutonomyv.shameanddoubt1–3yearsIntimacyv.isolationEmergingadulthoodInitiativev.guilt3–6yearsGenerativityv.stagnationAdulthoodIndustryv.inferiority6–11yearsIntegrityv.despairOldage早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.Behaviorism&SocialLearningClassicalConditioningStimulus–ResponseOperantConditioningReinforcers&punishmentsSocial-CognitiveApproachModelingSelf-efficacyhttps:///watch?v=HfTTm-rgFFIhttps:///watch?v=Mt4N9GSBoMIhttps:///watch?v=NjTxQy_U3ac早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.Piaget’sStagesof

CognitiveDevelopmentTable1.2早教英文课程Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.Vygotsky’sSocioculturalTheoryTransmissionofculturetonewgenerationBeliefs,customs,skillsSocialinteractionvitalforcognitivedevelopmentCooperativedialogueswithmoreknowledgeablemembersofsocietyFamilyLifeRoyaltyFree早教英文课程Copyright©2012Pearson