高考英语一轮复习 语法 被动语态

Trytofindthemistakeineachsentence.

1.Thewordsandexpressionsseldomrepeat.2.Wearegladtoseetheplancarryout.3.Thewordsandexpressionsaredifficulttoberemembered.4.Theideaissoundedreasonable.5.Thebookisworthbeingread.areseldomrepeatedcarriedoutremembersoundsreading2021/5/91高考语法复习被动语态2021/5/92高考题点击：1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.(94N)A.hascompleted B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_____bythehour.(98N)A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在before从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC2021/5/933.Booksofthiskind_____well.(99上海)A.sell B.sells C.aresold D.issold4.Hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.(01北京春)A.lose B.willbelost C.arelost D.willlose说明：sell既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash,translate,write等。说明：losejob为“失业”，job只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB2021/5/945.Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(2001北京春季)A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt6.Thenewbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.(2001上海)A.hasbeendesigned B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned D.wouldbedesigned说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。说明：bytheendof短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。DB2021/5/957.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_____tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(2002北京春季)A.killed B.iskilled C.waskilled D.waskilling8.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho______forthespoiled（宠坏的）child.(2002上海)A.istoblame B.isgoingtoblame C.istobeblamed D.shouldblame说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明：betoblame是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。CA2021/5/969.Rainforests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(2002上海春季)A.cutB.arecut C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut说明：该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警告。C2021/5/97语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.2021/5/98动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。2021/5/99在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用by词组。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。2021/5/910Changethesesentencesintopassivevoice.

1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．3.LingFeng

cantake

goodcareof

Polly

．4.They

will

finish

theworkintendays.5.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．6．We

havemade

twentymorekeys．7．I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight.2021/5/911各种时态的被动语态构成

一般时态的被动语态1）一般现在时的被动语态2）一般过去时的被动语态3）一般将来时的被动语态4）一般过去将来时的被动语态S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+will+be+doneS+would+be+doneHeisregardedasagreatwriter.Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.Ididn’texpectthatIwouldbeaskedtospeak.2021/5/912进行时态的被动语态1）现在进行时的被动语态：2）过去进行时的被动语态：S+was/were+being+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneTheroadisbeingrepaired.Hewasbeinglookedafterbyhissister.2021/5/913完成时态的被动语态1）现在完成时的被动语态：2）过去完成时的的被动语态S+have/has+been+doneS+had+been+doneShehasn’tbeentoldaboutityet.Iheardshehadalreadybeensenttohospital.情态动词的被动语态：S+can/may/must/should+be+doneThiscan’tbedoneinshorttime.2021/5/914一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．何时使用被动语态呢？2021/5/915三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatheisagreatwriter.ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…2021/5/916四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：魏华是由林涛叫来的。WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．六、表示礼貌时。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8：00p．m．tomorrow．2021/5/917在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：Theshirtfitshimverywell．Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．

【正】【误】2021/5/9182.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：Lookattheblackboard，please．Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．【正】【误】2021/5/9193.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：HejoinedtheLeaguein1998．TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998．【正】【误】2021/5/9204.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：Theboymakefacesinclass．Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．【正】【误】

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinNanjinginthepastyears.在过去的几年，南京发生了巨大的变化。2021/5/9215.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：Youmustlookafteryourself．Yourselfmustbelookedafter.

【正】【误】2021/5/922若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词和使役动词:

feel,hear,listento,lookat,observe,see,notice,watch;make,let,have等。(巧记：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。）几种特殊情况：2021/5/923Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.

Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.

-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground2021/5/9242.

表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。

(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run...)Theshopopensat6am.everyday．SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresinthisareaopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.学校九月开学。这个地区的商店周末开门的时间要比工作日迟。2021/5/925

3.短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如：

1）Alltherubbishshouldbegotridof.2)Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeen

setupinmyhometown.

3)MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.

4)Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.

3）我的妹妹将由奶奶照顾。4）以前没听过这样的事。2021/5/9264.不用被动语态的情况

1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace…Afterthefire,verylittleremainedinmyhouse.Atlast,mydream

cametrue.大火之后什么也没留下。最后,我的梦想终于成真了。

2021/5/927比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；

raise,seat是及物动词。

Thepricehasbeenrisen.

Thepricehasrisen.

Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.

Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

Thepricehasraised.

Thepricehasbeenraised.

Pleaseseat.

Pleasebeseated.

(F)(T)(T)(T)(T)(F)(F)(F)2021/5/9285用谓语动词主动形式表示被动含义

（1.）动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。

(read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,eat,lock...)

这台机器运转的很好。Themachinerunsverywell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.Thebookshelfhardlysells.这只笔很好写。这个书架几乎卖不动。2021/5/929

2)表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltCThesongsoundsverybeautiful.

Whathesaidprovedtobecorrectlater.

1.这首歌听起来非常优美。2.他说的话后来证明是正确的。2021/5/9306用非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动

1)want/need/require作“需要”讲时后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。

Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed.—You'vecomejustintimetohelpus.—Fine,whatrequires________?(=Fine,whatrequires_____________?)Thissentenceneeds________.A.animprovementB.improve

C.improvingD.improvedCdoingtobedone2021/5/9313).不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,light,comfortable,safe)

Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.4.)不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。

Iwillgivehimsomethingtodrink.2)beworth后常接动名词，用主动表示被动意义．Thebookisworthreading.2021/5/932．5.)不定式toblame,表示“应受批评,责备”，用主动式表被动义。

Theboyistoblameforwhathehasdone.6.)在Therebe句型中修饰主语的不定式用主动形式或被动形式

Therearemanythingstodo/tobedone.2021/5/9331)Yourjacketneeds________(wash)．2)Thehouserequires________(repair)．Exercises:washingrepairing3)Themeatisnotfit_______(eat)．4)WefindEnglishdifficult_________(learn)．toeattolearn5)Ihavemuchhomework_____(do)．6)I’llgivetheboysomebooks_______(read)．todotoread2021/5/9347.Thebookisworth________(read)

.8.Blackpeoplehadnoright_______(vote)9.Ihavealotofhomework______(do)．10.Therearemanyjobs_______(do)．todotodoreadingtovote2021/5/935Exercises:1.Thesteel_____cold．

A.isfeltB.wasfeelingC.feelsD.isbeingfelt2.Hisplan_____good．

A.hassoundedB.issoundingC.issoundedD.sounds3.Work_____at7pm.everyday．

A.endsB.endedC.wasendedD.hadended4.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedCDAB2021/5/9365.Peopleoftenwanttoknowwhatmyjobis.OftenI_______thatquestion.A.askB.amasking

C.getaskedD.getasking6.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland_______already.A.sell,havebeensoldout

B.sold,hadsoldout

C.sell,selloutD.aresold,havebeensoldoutCA2021/5/9377.Allthepreparationsforthetask______,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.complete

C.hadbeencompleted

D.havebeencompleted8.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthatthey_______tobeusefulmentothecountry.A.wereallexpected

B.wereallexpecting

C.allwereexpected

D.allexpectedDA2021/5/938

9.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_____by2006.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted10.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.was B.were C.hadbeen D.wouldbe11.—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It_____forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleanedCAD2021/5/93912.—YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.

—Oh,I______forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaiting D.havewaited13.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager______toworkonlineathome.A.encouragesB.encourageC.isencouragedD.areencouraged14.Morepatients_____inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated15.-haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Therooms______.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting

ADDA2021/5/94016.—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?

—No,I

.Didtheyhaveabigwedding? A．wasnotinvited B．haveno