高中定语从句

TheAttributiveClause定语从句2021/5/91WhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses定语从句2021/5/92定语从句一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语,相当于adj.,翻译成“…的”)

(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语（聪明的男孩）句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句（拥有魔法的男孩）2021/5/93HarryPorterisaboy

whohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why2021/5/94二、用法:Thesearethetrees

which/that

wereplantedlastyear.先行词是人关系代词:

whowhomwhosethat

which先行词是物Thesearethestudents

who/that

wonthefirstplacelastyear.2021/5/95Haveatry指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语2021/5/96主语宾语定语指人whothatwhomthatwhose（ofwhom）指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(ofwhich)指人和物thatthatwhose引导定语从句的关系代词2021/5/97

who,whom,whose,that用法区别.①who

作定语从句的主语或宾语,先行词必须是人.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Theman

isspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语2021/5/98②whom

作定语从句的宾语，先行词也必须是人Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisit

thewoman.分解作宾语2021/5/99③that

可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.先行词可以是人，也可以是物Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.2021/5/910④whose

作定语从句的定语.先行词可以是人，也可以是物。Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语2021/5/911※.that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2021/5/912★.who和whom先行词在定语从句中做主语时，只能用who2.先行词在定语从句中做宾语时，可用who，也可用whom3.关系代词前面有介词时只能用whom（=介词+whom）2021/5/9132.which用法which

作定语从句的主语或宾语.先行词是物。Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作宾语可省略2021/5/914关系副词When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=for

which2.引导定语从句的关系副词关系副词在定语从句中作状语2021/5/915关系副词和先行词的关系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

ontheday=when=onwhichinthehouse=where=in

whichforthereasons=why=forwhich关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词2021/5/916定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句2021/5/917限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开1.有that2.作宾语时可以省略1.无that2.不可以省略2021/5/918当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。

Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：2021/5/919当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：2021/5/920先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时。YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.2021/5/921¤.注意：非限制性定语从句中，先行词是reason,且先行词在定语从句中做状语时，用forwhich引导，不用why。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2021/5/9223.在非限制性定语从句中，有时候根据句子的意思，常把some,any,all,both,many,most,either,neither等词或分数或百分比与ofwhom或ofwhich连用。2021/5/923Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomaregirls.他有五个孩子，两个是女孩。比较：Hehasfivechildren,and

twoofthemaregirls.2021/5/924Therearemanyapples,noneofwhichisgood.有很多苹果，没有一个是好的。比较：Therearemanyapples,but

noneofthemisgood.2021/5/925●.几种特殊先行词的定语从句先行词为reason1).如果reason在定语从句中做状语，用why引导从句，也可用forwhicheg:Doyouknowthereason

why/forwhichheisalwayslateforschool?2021/5/9262).reason在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，用that/which

引导定语从句eg:Thisisthereason

(that/which)

yougavetomeyesterday.eg:Thisisthereason

that/which

wasgiventomebyyouyesterday.2021/5/9272.先行词是way1).way在定语从句中做方式状语，用inwhich/that

引导定语从句或省略eg:Idon’tliketheway

（inwhich/that）youspeaktome.2021/5/9282).way在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，用that/which

引导定语从句eg:Thisistheway

(that/which)

hewillusetosolvetheproblem.eg:Thisistheway

that/which

isusefultosolvetheproblem.2021/5/9293.先行词是point,case,situation,stage,position等1).以上词语在定语从句中做抽象的地点状语，用inwhich/where引导定语从句或省略eg:Wewilldiscussanumberofcases

where/inwhichbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.

2021/5/930eg:Heisinadangeroussituation

where/inwhichheislikelytolosethecontroloverhiscar.

eg:We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint

where/inwhichbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

2021/5/9312).以上词语在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，用that/which

引导定语从句eg:Idon’tliketheposition

(that/inwhich)shegivestome.eg:Theydon’twanttogetintothe

situation

that/whichishardtocontrol.2021/5/932如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。2021/5/933定语从句考点归纳1.that与which2.如何判断介词3.whose的使用4.as的使用5.when,where,why与that,which的区分6.定语从句中的动词的数2021/5/9341.that与which1.Nothing______canbedonehasbeendone.2.Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?thatthat先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that2021/5/9351.that与which1.ThisisthebestTV_______ismadeinChina.2.Thefirstmuseum_______hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。2021/5/9361.that与whichI’vereadallthebooks________youlentme.that先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时,引导定语从句用that。2021/5/9371.that与which1.Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.2.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing______sufferspain,death,harm,etc.thatthat先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.2021/5/9381.that与whichWho_______youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?thatWho做先行词时，引导定语从句用that2021/5/9391.that与which1.Whoistheperson_______youarelookingfor?2.Whichisthegirl_______youarejusttalkingabout?thatthat以who,which开头的句子，用that,避免重复2021/5/9401.that与which1.Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhichwhom在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom2021/5/941只能用which做关系代词的情况在非限制性定语从句中在介词后面先行词是that2021/5/942２如何判断介词1）、看定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配Thisisthebook_____whichyouaskedfor注意：固定搭配不能拆开即介词不能提前TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.2021/5/943固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto,carefor(照顾，喜欢）hearof/about/from,takecareof等.2021/5/944MorePractice1.Doyouknowthegirl_____________________ourheadteacheristalking?2.Ican’tfindmydictionary___________Ipaidover$100.3.Thisisthegoodcar__________Ispentallmymoney.4.Sheistheteacher_________allhisstudentsshowrespect.5.Theteacher_____________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.talkingto/with/aboutthegirlto/with/aboutwhompay…forthedictionaryforwhichspendmoneyonthecaronwhichshowrespecttotheteachertowhomwaitingfortheteacherforwhom2021/5/945２如何判断介词2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with2021/5/946２如何判断介词3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配Thisisourclassroom,_______________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.inthefrontof2021/5/9471.Thisistheknife______________Iusuallycutmypencil.2.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun____________wegetheatandlight.withwhichfromwhich2021/5/948２如何判断介词4）、根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定

Air,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.Thepen_____whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.withoutwith

Thisistheman_____whommysonwassaved.by2021/5/9493Whose的使用whose引导的定语从句表示所属关系Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whose2021/5/950Whose的使用Thereare20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.ThebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose2021/5/951注意：whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用which（介词后一定不能用who或that).2021/5/9524as的使用Theearthisround,______weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.as/whichAsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as,as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的2021/5/953as的使用ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。thesame…as+从句:表示相似的东西thesame…that+从句：表示同一人或物2021/5/954as的使用Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)2021/5/955as的使用1.Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,_____hasbeensaidbefore.

2___everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.whichAsas引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which引导定语从句不能放在句首.as译为正如，好像。，which则没有此义。2021/5/9565when,where,why与that,

which的区分

１）I’llneverforgettheday_________wefirstmetinthepark.２）I’llneverforgetthetime___________Ispentwithyou.３）I’llneverforgetthetime__________wasspentwithyou.４）Thisisthemuseum_____________Ivisitedlastyear.whenwhich\thatwhich\thatwhich\that2021/5/9575when,where,why与that,

which的区分

Thisisthereason________

(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.Thereason__________shegavewasnottrue.why／that

which/that指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。2021/5/9586定语从句中的动词的数Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho_______(have)gottheteacher’spraiseHeisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_______(have)gottheteacher’spraisehashave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词2021/5/959由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom2021/5/9604.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用whom2021/5/9617.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语2021/5/96210、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when由Which引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语介词提前时只能用whichthat2021/5/96314.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything___