倒装句的学案

语法：倒装句(Inversion)教学目的：理解并弄懂全倒装和半倒装的概念。重点掌握以否认副词so\neither和only加状语的提到句首的倒装句的状况。教学过程：一：自主学习。阅读下列语法精攻的中文部分，理解并搞清晰什么是倒装，什么是全倒装和半倒装。英语句子普通有两种语序：一种是陈说语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做_____________________。而倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫____________________（fullinversion）；而只将be、情态动词或者助动词及借来的助动词do,does,did放在主语之前的叫做________________________（partialinversion）。二：找出课文reading部分中的3个倒装句并写在下方空格处，并还原成正常语序。（注意：用红笔划出句中的助动词或者情态动词或者be）1._____________________________________________________还原为正常语序：_______________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________还原为正常语序：_______________________________________________________3._____________________________________________________还原为正常语序：_____________________________________________________________________________三：什么状况下用倒装语序：（一）、完全倒装(Fullinversion)：全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此构造普通只用于普通现在时和普通过去时。常见的构造有：1.there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there+be”构造中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表达类似“存在”观念的其它不及物动词。如：live,stand,come,lie,和appear等。Thereliesabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldman.2.当以there,here,out,in,up,down,away,off,then,over,back等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。谓语动词经常是：come,go,rush,run.Ourteachercamein.(正常语序)Incameourteacher.（倒装语序）注意：这种倒装规定：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Itishere.变倒装：Hereitis.Hewentaway.变倒装：Awayhewent.3.表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。如：infrontof;under…;outside…;atthefootof…，onthewall,westofthe…在…西边等这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did,does或do.1.Infrontofthetowerflewsastream.2.Underabigtree___D__,halfasleep.A.didsatafatman B.afatmansatC.didafatmansat D.satafatman（二）、部分倒装（partialinversion）部分倒装：只把助动词、系动词be或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装助动词：am,is,are,was,were,will,would,shill,should,have,has,had(原句就有的)；情态动词：can,could,may,might,must,oughtto,need,dare(原句就有的)；助动词：do,does,did(原句没有，是借来的，借来does,did之后，背面的动词用原形。)如：1.Heisneverlate.的倒装句：Neverishelate.2.Youcanworkitoutonlyinthisway.倒装句：Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkitout.3.Heseldomrealizeshismistakes.其倒装句：Seldomdoesherealizehismistakes.部分倒装的状况：含有否认意义的副词、介词短语或连词，如never一向不,hardly几乎不,seldom不经常,little极少,scarcely几乎不atnotime绝不,notuntil…直到…才,no/not,rarely极少，nosooner…than…刚…就…；hardly…when刚…就…；notonly…butalso不仅…并且…等放在句首时。特别提示：①Notuntil…,…从句不倒主句倒Ididnotgo,untilhecameback.=Notuntilhecameback,didIgo.②nosooner………than…主句倒，且用过去完毕时从句不倒，用普通过去时③hardly…when…主句倒，且用过去完毕时从句不倒，用普通过去时Wenevergothere.=Neverdowegothere.Wehadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.=Nosoonerhadwegothomethanitbegantorain.④notonly…butalso如连接两个成分时，连接句子时，前面的句子倒装。Heisnotonlybusy,butalsoIhavealotofworktodo.=Notonlyishebusy,butalsoIhavealotofworktodo.2.only及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语及其它Iknewitonlywhentoldmethenews.=OnlywhenhetoldmethenewsdidIknowit.Only后的从句不倒YoucanmakeprogressinyourEnglishonlyinthisway.=OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.3.用于so,nor,neither开头的句子,表达重复的内容。HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.他去过北京。我也去过。Jackcannotanswerthequestion.Neither/NorcanI.杰克不会回答这个问题。我也不会。但是注意：“so+主语+助动词”则表达“…确实…”加以必定。如：Tomstudieshard.Sohedoes.(he,Tom同一种人)汤姆学习努力。他确实努力。4.so(such)…that构造中so/such放于句首构成倒装。Herunssofastthatwecannotcatchupwithhim.=Sofastdoesherunsthatwecannotcatchupwithhim.Heissuchagoodstudentthatwelikehim.=Suchagoodstudentishethatwelikehim.5.asthough/although(即使)引导的让步状语从句,though省略后，把从句改倒装构造，即将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面,句子为：形容词/名词/副词/过去分词/动词原形+as+主语+谓语主谓不倒装注意：名词前不用a,an,the;形容词最高级前不用the.Asthoughthequestionwashard,hecouldanswerit.=Hardasthequestionwas,hecouldanswerit.Asthoughheisachild,helearnswell.=Childasheis,helearnswell.Althoughhewouldtry,hecouldn’topenthedoor.=Tryashewould,hecouldn’topenthedoor.AlthoughIwastired,Itriedtohelpthem.=TiredasIwas,Itriedtohelpthem.6.if虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were,had,should时,省去if后,把were,had,should提到主语前时：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybest.=WereIyou,Iwouldtrymybest.Ifyouhadinvitedme,Iwouldhavecome.=Hadyouinvitedme,Iwouldhavecome.六：自主学习效果评定：Little_____abouthisownhealththoughhewasveryill.A.hecaredB.didhecareC.doeshecareD.hecares2.NotuntilIbegantowork_____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.(1990)A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealize3.Notonly______pollutedbut________crowded.A.wasthecity;werethestreets