中考英语复习学案-非谓语动词专题梳理

中考英语复习学案--非谓语动词专题梳理牛津译林九年级上册非谓语动词专题梳理非谓语动词专题

一．非谓动词概述：

非谓语动词，即在句子中不作谓语的动词，其具体形式分：不定式，动名词，分词三种。

二．非谓语动词的共性特征：

1.没有单、复数变化和人称变化（因为不作谓语）；

2.仍然具有动词本身的特点：可以带宾语、状语；可以有自己的时态、（被动）语态变化；可以构成非谓语动词短语（即不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语）。

3.非谓语动词的否定形式：其结构形式无论是单一结构还是复合结构，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如：

a.

Not

knowing

a

right

address,

he

couldn‟t

find

his

friend‟s

home.

b.

I‟m

so

sorry

not

to

have

told

you

about

him

a

little

earlier.c.

Not

swimming

in

the

river

in

summer

is

good

for

you.

4.非谓语动词的复合结构（即逻辑主谓关系）：

a.It’s

very

important

for

me

to

learn

English

well

now.

b.Do

you

mind

my

opening

the

window,

please?

c.There

being

no

classes

today,

we

don’t

go

to

school.Because

there

are

no

classes

today,

…….一、动词不定式知识点1：动词不定式的基本形式基本形式肯定：todo否定：nottodo例：Herefusedtodoextrawork.他拒绝做额外的工作。Myteacheradvisedmenottostayuplate.我的老师建议我不要熬夜。知识点2：动词不定式的用法1)用作主语(todosth.+be…)例：Toseeistobelieve.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)翻译：尽全力处理这些问题是我们的责任。Itisourduty______________________theseproblems.2)用作表语(主语+be+todosth.)动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：例：=1\*GB3①最好的方法是加入一个英语俱乐部。Thebestwayis_________________________.=2\*GB3②第一件事是认真听老师讲。Thefirstthingis_______________________________.注意：以goal,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用,例如：Hisgoalistostudyabroadinthenearfuture．3)用作宾语(动词+todosth.)(1)可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask,choose,agree)，期望决定学习(expect,hope,decide,learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer,pretend,know)，希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)，敢于计划准备(dare,plan,prepare)，拒绝提供失败(refuse,offer,fail)，觉得好像答应（seem,promise）。如：=1\*GB3①我们决定谈论一下去哪里度假。Wedecided__________wheretogoforaholiday.=2\*GB3②他宁可吃白面包和米饭。Heprefers________whitebreadandrice.(2)动词decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：=1\*GB3①我不知道把车停在哪里。Idon’tknow________________.=2\*GB3②他给出建议如何做。Hegivesadviceon____________.(3)动词feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel/find/make/think...it+adj./n.+todo...如：例：我发现记住所有的很难。Ifind________________everything.4）用作定语（名词/代词+todo）例=1\*GB3①我今天有如此多的衣服要洗。Ihave________________today.=2\*GB3②我们没有房子住。Wehave__________________.5）用作宾语补足语（动词+宾语+todo）1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask,allow,advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect,,invite,encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach,tell,want)，等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：1)I’dinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.2)Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里省略to，包括四“看”：lookat,notice,see,watch，三“让”：have,let,make，二“听”：hear,listento，一“感觉”：feel。如：1)Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited！2)WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek.3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。1)TheycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.2)UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.6)用作状语1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：1)为了赶上早班车，她起床非常早。____________________,shegotupveryearly.2)一群年轻人为了讨论这个问题聚在一起。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogether_________________.3)她来到这座城市看望她的女儿。Shecametothiscity________________.2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。如：1)我很幸运有这个机会。Ifeelverylucky__________.2)见到你很高兴。Iampleased_____________.3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enoughto...”“onlyto…”结构句中。如：1)我太累了做不好这件事。I’m____________well.2)这个房间足够大，能住三个人。Theroomis________________________.3)她迅速赶回家结果发现她家的房子着火了。Shehurriedtoherhome_______________onfire.二、分词知识点1：分词分类分词可分为两类：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词一般表示主动和进行的意义如：thedevelopingcountries发展中国家（正在发展的）theboilingwater正开着的水过去分词一般表示被动和完成的意义如：thedevelopedcountries发达国家（发展过的）theboiledwater开过的水知识点2：分词用法成份形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语现在分词△△△△过去分词△△△△1.作表语e.g.Thetopicisveryinteresting.Weareinterestedinthetopic.2.作定语e.g.Don’tdisturbthesleepingbirdsinthetree.ThemancalledJimismycousin.3.作状语(1)分词作时间状语或原因状语时，一般放在句首。e.g.Standinginfrontofsomanypeople,hecouldn’tsayawordatall.Askedtolookafterthebabies,Ihavetostayathomeandcan’tgowithyou.(2)分词作方式状语、伴随状语以及结果状语时一般放在句末。e.g.Theysatinsofa,waitingfortheirmother.Thethiefranquickly,chasedbysomepolicemen.4.作补足语e.g.Helovesbirdsverymuchandlikeswatchingthemflyinginthesky.知识点3：分词的构成、特征及功能构成特征和功能时态和语态否定式具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语主动结构被动结构在分词前加not分词现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done三、动名词知识点1.动名词的用法1）作主语例：Runningismyfavouritesport.跑步是我最喜爱的运动。2）作宾语a.动词后面加动名词ing作宾语，即V.+doingsth.例：admitavoidkeepconsiderdelaypreventmisssuggestmind等b.词组后接doing例：prefer...to...beusedto...devoteoneselfto...bebusy...It’sworth...等3）作表语例：Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.其他注意点：知识点1：it做形式主语,不定式做主语句型句型特点常用形容词Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todosth.这里形容词是对人的品质、特征等的修饰、说明good,kind,nice,clever,right,careful,wise,foolish,selfish,careless,wrong,silly,generous句型句型特点常用形容词Itis/was+adj.+forsb.todosth.这里的形容词是对做的事的好坏等性质的修饰、说明hard,difficult,easy,important,interesting,necessary,possible,impossible知识点2：动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是nottodo...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not/neverdo...如：例：1.Theydecidenottotalktoeachother.2.Hisparentstellhimnevertoplaysoccerinthestreet.知识点3：不定式做宾补在被动语态中还原to这些词有一感(feel),二听(listento;hear),三让(let,make,have),四看(see,lookat,watch,notice)如：⑴seesbdosth→sbbeseentodosth(主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。)⑵hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosth⑶makesbdosth→sbbemadetodosth⑷havesbdosth→sbbehadtodosth知识点4：现在分词和过去分词用法区别1.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别区别例句现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作和谓语动作之间是同时发生。Becarefuloftheboilingwater!过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已完成。Itisboiledwater,youcandrinkit.2.现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句现在分词一感；feel二听：hear,listento三使：make,let,have四看：lookat,see,watch,notice主谓关系，谓语动作正在进行，尚未完成Isawherdancinginthemusicroomjustnow.过去分词动宾关系，动作已经完成，多强调状态Wefoundourhometowngreatlychanged.3.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别与主语的逻辑关系例句现在分词主谓关系Standinginthetopofthemountain,hecouldseethewholecityclearly.过去分词动宾关系Askedtorememberthesong,Ihavetopracticereadingitagainandagain.知识点5：havesb.dosth.,havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的区别1.havesb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。例：Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵们让这个男孩背对着他的父亲站着。2.havesb.doingsth.意为“让某人一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替，现在分词doing这个动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。例：Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。3.havesth.done意为“让某事被（别人）做”，即asksb.todosth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。例：1.Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司机每周让人洗一次车。2.Myhairistoolong.I’llhaveitcuttomorrow.我的头发太长了。明天我要请人理发了。知识点6：现在分词和动名词的区别（选讲）构成特征和功能时态和语态否定式具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语主动结构被动结构在其前加not现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone动名词具有名词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语和表语【例题精讲】1.----Wouldyouliketoplaytabletenniswithme?----Idon’tfeellikeit.Iwouldrather__________athomeandwatchTV.A.stay B.tostay C.staying D.stayed2.----IhopetotaketheDIYcourseatweekends.----Goodidea.______moreaboutit,visitthewebsite.A.Know B.Knew C.Knowing D.Toknow3.TheORBISdoctorsdideverything______thegirlwitheyeproblems.A.save B.saved C.tosave D.saving4.---Ayoungmanhasjustborrowed5,000,000yuanfromabanktobuyaflat.---Thatsoundscrazy.Hewillrisk______everythingallatonetime.A.lose B.losing C.tolose D.oflosing5.Jimhasgotabloodcancer.Let’s________somemoneyforhim.A.riseB.donateC.payD.raise6.Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmoment________,becauseeveryoneisinhisownTIMEZONE.A.actingB.toactC.actD.acts7.Youshouldbeconfidentenough_____aspeechinfrontofmanypeople.A.make B.made C.making D.tomake8.Andymadeabigbamboobox______thelittlesickbirduntilitcouldflyagain.A.keep B.kept C.keeps D.tokeep9.______virusesfromspreading,weshouldwashourhandsmoreoften.A.Stop B.Stopped C.Stopping D.Tostop10.WeChathasbecomeahotfreesoftware.Youcanoftenseepeople___withtheirfriendsoverWeChateverywhere.A.totalk B.talked C.talkD.talking11.---You’relateagain,Tom!---Sorry,Mr.Smith.Ipromise______latenexttime.A.nottobe B.notbe C.don’tbe D.won’tbe12.---What'sthemostimportantmorningnewsonCCTVtoday?---TheChinesegovernmentwarnedJapan______doharmtoChina'sterritorialsovereignty(领土主权)oncemore.A.tonot B.notto C.didn't D.donot13._____theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.Tocomplete14.Mr.Chenspendsmoretimethanbefore______gameswithhischildafterwork.A.playing B.play C.played D.plays15.______youthetruth,sheknowsnothingaboutit.A.Tell B.Telling C.Told D.Totell16.---WhatdotheyoftengotoZhengheParkfor?---Thoseladies?Oh,theydancethere______healthy.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.tokeep17.---Whatbeautifulflowers!Ican’tdecide________formymom.---ForMother’sDay,itcan’tbebettertobuysomecarnations.A.whentochoose B.whichtochoose C.howtochoose D.tochoosewhat【答案】BADCDBDDDCABDADDB【变式练习】1.Mr.Zhangaskeduswhenweshouldgotodanceclasses.（改为简单句）Mr.Zhangaskedus________________gotodanceclasses.2.Maryisverybusy.Shedoesnothaveanytimeforsocialactivities.（合并为一句）Maryis________busy________haveanytimeforsocialactivities.3.Mr.Jiangadviseduswhichweshouldchooseasourafter-schoolactivities.（改为简单句）Mr.Jiangadviseduswhich________________asourafter-schoolactivities.4.Amyisverycareful.Shenoticessmallchangesaroundher.（合并为一句）Amyiscareful________________noticesmallchangesaroundher.5.Wewouldratherwalkaroundthansitinthesofaaftersupper.（保持句意基本不变）We________walkingaround________sittinginthesofaaftersupper.【答案】whento；tooto；whichto；enoughto；preferto课堂练习()1.Ourcountryencouragesmorestudentsfootball.Nowmanyfootballclubshavebeensetupinschools.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.willplay()2.Ourteacheroftenadvisesusthehabitofmakingnoteswhilereading.A.todevelopB.developC.todevelopingD.developing()3.—Younevermissoneminuteinclass.—Youknow,wemustlistentotheteachercarefully.A.takenotesB.takingnotesC.totakenotesD.takesnotes()4.Let'sanoise.Someoneissleeping.A.notmakeB.nomakingC.nottomake()5.Wefeellikesomefoodanddrinkbecausewe'llinvitesomefriendsinaparty.A.buying;tojoinB.tobuy;joiningC.buying;join()6.TheSmithshavedecidedahousenearthesea.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy()7.Joiningasummercampisagreatchancefreetimewithyourfriends.A.spendB.spendingC.tospend()8.Ihopeeveryonecancareabouttheenvironmentandstopthings.A.protecting;wastingB.protecting;towasteC.protect;wastingD.protect;towaste()9.Thoughsheoftenmakesherlittlebrother,shewasmadebyhimthismorning.A.cry;tocryB.tocry;cryC.cry;cry()10.—Wouldyouliketogoswimmingintheriver,John?—Swim?Sorry,ourteachersalwaystellusintheriveralone.A.don'tswimB.tonotswimC.notswimmingD.nottoswim()11.—Myuncleisagainstwastinganything.—Nowonderhewouldrathertheoldbikethananewone.A.repair;tobuyB.torepair;buyC.repair;buyD.torepair;tobuy()12.ThebossaskedTimtogoandoutiftherewasanyoneelseabsent.A.findB.findingC.tofindD.found()13.YoushouldaskBobhisownclothes.Heistenyearsoldnow.A.washB.washesC.washingD.towash()14.Brucepracticesbasketballeverydaysothathecanbeabetterplayer.A.playB.toplayC.playing()15.Itisnecessaryforusstudentsthelisteningability.A.toimproveB.improvingC.improveD.improves【答案】1-5：CACAA6-10：DCAAD11-15：CADCA课后巩固一、单选()1.Therewassomuchnoiseoutsidethattheteachercouldn'tmakeherself.A.hearB.heardC.tohearD.hearing()2.Itriedtomakethebabybysinging,andthatworkedwellatlast.A.tostoptocryB.tostopcryingC.stoptocryD.stopcrying()3.Aftershefinishedthestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading()4.Ican'ttellyouwhatshesaid.I'vepromiseditasecret.A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.kept()5.—Doesheneedthereatonce?—No,heleavesohurriedlybecausehehasenoughtime.A.togo;doesn'tneedB.go;needn'tC.togo;needn't()6.—Therearesomeboysbasketballoverthere.—Let'sgoandjointhem.A.areplayingB.playingC.toplay()7.—ItriedtomakeAlicehermindbutIfounditdifficult.—Well,IsawyouthatwhenIwentpast.A.changed;doB.changes;doingC.change;todoD.change;doing()8.IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingofferedmetowatchanopera.A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.taking()9.Myparentsdon'tallowmelate.A.stayupB.tostayupC.staysupD.stayingup()10.LeonardoDiCaprio,afamousAmericanactorwasalwaysexpectinganOscarandfinallyhemadeit.A.towinB.winningC.nottowinD.notwinning()11.A.gettingB.togetC.gotD.get()12.—Hi,Mr.Zhang,doyouoftencomeheretoclimbthemountain—Yes,exercise.Yousee,I'mhealthierthanbefore.A.togetB.gettingC.getD.gets()13.Tom,pleaserememberthelightwhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.turningoffC.toturnoff()14.—I'llhaveaten-dayholiday.ButIdon'tknow.—HowaboutParis?AwhattodoB.wheretogoC.whentogo()15.—Helen,thanksforme.—Mypleasure.A.helpB.tohelpC.helping()16.—HaveyoureadthebookJaneEyre?—Yes.It'safamousbookandreallyworth.A.toreadB.readingC.tobereadD.read()17.Whenyouaretired,inthecountrysideisawonderfulexperience.ArelaxingB.relaxedC.relaxD.relaxes()18.—Mr.Ling,Ihavesomedifficultythearticle.—Rememberitthreeorfourtimesatleast.A.tounderstand;readingB.understanding;readingC.understanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toread()19.It'sourdutyourhometowncleanandbeautiful.Wemustdosomethingforit.A.keepingB.keepsC.tokeep()20.Afterdinner,heusedtocomputergames,butnowhegetsusedto.A.play;walkB.playing;walkingC.play;walking()21.—Whatwouldyouliketodotorelaxyourself?—Ipreferbasketballratherthanmagazines.A.playing;readingB.toplay;toreadC.play;readD.toplay;read()22.—Ialwayscan'thelpTVplayswithmymobilephonewhenI'mstudy—It'snotagoodhabit.Youaresupposedtoit.A.watching;correctingB.watch:correctC.watch;correctingD.watching;correct()23.Howkindyouare！Youalwaysdowhatyoucanothers.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp()24.Thefridgedoesn'twork,whynotconsideranewone?A.buyB.boughtC.tobuyD.buying()25.BadLuck.Themoviestarhadherlegwhileplayingapartinthemovie.A.tobreakB.breakingC.breakD.broken【答案】1-5：BDDBC6-10：BDCBA11-15：BACBC16-20：BACCC21-25：DDDDD二、英语书面表达专项训练2．假如你是阳光中学的李华，你校成功举办了“中华诗词朗诵比赛”，请用英语写一篇短文，介绍活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。内容要点如下：时间地点5月23号下午；学校礼堂。活动介绍每学期举办一次。今年又大获成功。同学们的精彩表现得到了大家的高度评价。八年级的王丽获一等奖。她极具朗诵天赋。每位获胜者赢得一张免费书展的票。呼吁参与的理由......(自拟1到2点）注意事项：（1）须包括所给内容要点，要求语句通顺、行文连贯作、适当发挥；（2）词数在80个左右，文稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数；参考词汇：中华诗词朗诵比赛ChinesePoetryRecitingCompetition;表现performance;高度评价thinkhighlyof;朗诵recite;天赋gift;免费的freeI'mLiHuafromSunshineMiddleSchool.Ourschool...【答案】I'mLiHuafromSunshineMiddleSchool.OurschoolheldaChinesePoetryRecitingCompetitionontheafternoonofMay23rd.Itwasheldintheschoolhall.Thecompetitionisheldeverytram.Thisyearitwasabigsuccessagain.Alltheteachersandstudentsthoughthighlyofthestudents'wonderfulperformances.WangLifromGrade8wonthefirstprize.Shehasarealgiftforreciting.Eachwinnerwonafreeticketforthebookshow.IhopemorepeoplewilltakepartinthisactivityandenjoythebeautifulChineseculture【解析】【详解】本题是一篇给材料作文，介绍“中华诗词朗诵比赛”活动情况并呼吁更多的人参与这样的活动。短文用第一人称和第三人称，还会用到被动语态的句子。写作思路：考生需要首先审清主题，围绕主题展开作文，其次考生可根据表格中的要点提示去写作。文章必须包括要点中所给的信息，但不要逐句翻译，并补充两条个人的观点。在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。3．随着网络的发展、人们消费观念的转变，购物方式也在悄然的发生变化。“网购”已成为一种时尚，越来越多的学生也加入到网购群体中。请你根据以下表格的提示，写一篇网上购物的文章。优点(advantage)1.不需要出门；节约时间；避免拥挤、劳累2.价格通常比较便宜3.可供选择的范围广，品种多缺点(disadvantage)1.只看到图片，看不到商品本身2.容易购买大量不太需要的东西，造成浪费你的观点……提示词汇：网购shoppingonline;商品goods;导致cause注意：1.所表述的内容必须包含表格中的所有方面，可适当发挥；2.文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称；3.词数：100词左右，文章开头已给出，但不计入总数。WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,manypeopleareusedtoshoppingonline.【答案】WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,manypeopleareusedtoshoppingonline.Ithasbecomefashionable.Someofusstudentsalsojointhegroup.Shoppingonlinehasmanyadvantages.Justwiththeclickofamouse,youcanbuywhatyou’reinterestedinwithoutgoingoutdoors.Youcanavoidgettingtiredandbeingtrappedinthecrowdsandsavealotoftime.Whenshoppingonline,youcanchoosefrommorevarietiesofgoods,whosepricesaregenerallylower.Everycoinhastwosides.Itsdisadvantagesareobvious,too.Ononehand,it’sveryeasyforyoutobuygoodsthataren’tlikethepicturesyouseeontheInternet.Ontheotherhand,shoppingonlinemaycausepeopletobuygoodsthatarenotbadlyneeded.That’sawasteofmoney.Allinall,Iloveshoppingonline.【解析】本文属于材料作文，主要讲述网购的优点和缺点。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。【亮点说明】这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别适用一些亮点词句，如convenient，disadvantage，ingoodquality，figureout，havethechancetodo，beattackedby，ofcourse，takecareof等。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。点睛：写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。4．今年初《流浪地球》在中国火热上映。影片故事设定在2075年，讲述太阳即将毁火，已经不适合人类生存，而面对绝境，人类将开启“流浪地球”计划，试图带着地球一起逃离太阳系，寻找人类新家园的故事。影片多次提到“希望”。比如，老师问:希望是什么?班长回答:希望是我们这个年代钻石一样的东西。你的笔友Demon观看后，印象深刻，给你写了一封邮件。请你根据邮件内容结合你的情况，用英语回复。To:LiHua@China.comFrom:Demon@America.comSubject:ProblemsandhopeDearLiHua,Howareyou?Ihopeyouarewell.IhavewatchedamoviecalledWanderingEarth.IamdeeplymovedbythoseChinesepeoplewhonevergiveup.YouChinesearereallybraveandfullofwisdom.AsmyChinesepenpal,whatwillyoudowhenyoumeetdifficulty?Wouldyoupleasetellmethefollowingthings?Whatproblemsdoyouoftenmeetinyourschoollife?Howdoyouusuallysolveyourproblems?Whohasinfluencedyoumostinyourlifeandwhatdoyouthinkofhim/her?Whatdoyouthinkabouthope?Pleasewritebackandtellmeeverything.Bestwishes,Demon注意：1.词数90左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数;2.回复必须包括所有要点，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺;3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。DearDemonI'mgladthatyoulikethefilm.Indeed,Ihavelearnedalotfromitaswell._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Pleasewritetomeandtellmeyourview.Yours,LiHua【答案】DearDemon，I'mgladthatyoulikethefilm.Indeed,Ihavelearnedalotfromitaswell.Inschool,Ialsoencountersomeproblems,thebiggestproblemishowtostrikeabalancebetweenstudyandlife.WheneverIwanttoplayanddon'twanttostudy,IwillthinkoftheChinesepeoplewhonevergiveupinthefilmwanderingEarth,whowillinspiremetostudyhard.Inlife,myEnglishteacherhasthegreatestinfluenceonme.WheneverIhaveagreatneed,myEnglishteacheralwayscomestohelpme.Sheisthepersonwhohelpsmethemostinmyjuniorhighschoollifeatthebeginningofthreeyears..Ilikeherverymuchandthankherevenmore.Ithinkhopeisthedrivingforceofall,aslongasthereishope,therewillbemotivation,itispossibletosucceed.Whatdoyouthink?Pleasewritetomeandtellmeyourview.Yours,LiHua【解析】【详解】这是一篇书信作文。根据所给出的材料内容可知文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要用第一、第三人称。首先要注意书信的书写格式，要对来信中的问题作出全面的答复。同时在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。【点睛】首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；同时注意语句要通顺，词汇书写无误，不要出现语法错误。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。5．假如你是韩梅，你的一位英国笔友Kate发来电子邮件，说她下星期来中国，她向你询问中国的餐桌礼仪。请你根据下面提示给她回一封电子邮件，告诉她有关情况。词数80～100。提示：1.让客人和长辈先吃每一道菜；2.不要用筷子敲碗；3.不要将手伸到饭桌对面夹菜；4.等大家都到齐了才开始吃；5.为主人的长寿、健康、成功干杯……Dearkate，I’mgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwanttotellyousomethingabouttheChinesetablemanners._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,【答案】DearKate,I’mgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwanttotellyousomethingaboutthechinesetablemanners.InChina.thehostorhostessdoesn’teateverydishfirstuntiltheguestsandeldersbegin.Youcan’ttapbowlswiththechopsticks.Youshouldn’treachacrossthetableorinfrontofsomeonetogetsomethingtoeat.Youcaneatuntileveryoneisatthetable.Besides,youshouldtoastlongevity,goodhealthorsuccessofthehostorhostess.WelcometoChina!Yours,HanMei【解析】【详解】本文是书信写作，注意书信写作格式，开头与结尾。把自己当做韩梅，切不可在文中出现自己的真实名字等信息。要求根据内容要点来写作。学生首先要认真阅读材料中给出的短语及相关信息,认真审题,确定文章的中心。在写作的文章具有一定的连贯性,还应注意使用一些连接词,使文章的表达更有逻辑性和条理性。写作时还要注意:1.书写规范；2.可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯；3.写完后要认真检查是否有漏写要点,有无拼写错误等。高分句型：InChina.在中国。thehostorhostessdoesn’teateverydishfirstuntiltheguestsandeldersbegin.在客人和长辈开始用餐之前，主人不会先把每道菜都吃完。Youshouldn’treachacrossthetableorinfrontofsomeonetogetsomethingtoeat.你不应该越过桌子或在别人面前拿东西吃。Besides,youshouldtoastlongevity,goodhealthorsuccessofthehostorhostess.此外，你应该为主人的长寿、健康或成功干杯。【点睛】注意写作过程中，将要点展开并表达清楚，注意使用英语的经典句型,避免出现汉语表达。6．2018年11月15日泰州市召开了深化全国文明城市创建迎检部署会，会上我市正式启动了“泰有礼”全民主题实践活动，形成崇德向善、文明有礼的道德风尚和城市标识，同时组织“泰有礼”志愿服务队伍，围绕“文明礼让”“文明交通”“文明餐饮”“文明上网”等文明实践活动，承担起对市民日常行为进行劝导的责任。假如你是其中的一名志愿者，请根据以下提示写一篇150字左右的英语短文。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。(以上背景内容无需表达)内容提示：1.在家尊敬父母，帮助他们做家务活；2.出行时，排队候车，不随地吐痰、不乱扔垃圾；不在公共场所抽烟、喧哗（比如在图书馆或博物馆）3.诚实守信，不撒谎，不说脏话；4.对人有礼貌，帮助别人；坐车时请让座给老人，残疾人，尤其抱小孩的妇女；5.遵守交通规则，做到红灯停，绿灯行；6.请你就此话题一点个人看法。要求：1.条理消楚，字迹工整：可围绕主题适当发挥；2.文中不能出现考生的真实姓名、校名、地名成其他真实信息；Asamemberofthecity,Ithinkweshould______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’msureourcitywillbecomemoreandmorebeautifulandcleaneraslongaswealltryourbesttodosomethingforit!【答案】Asamemberofthecity,Ithinkweshouldrespectourparentsathome,andhelpthemwiththehousework.Whilewearetravelling,weshouldpayattentiontoourownbehavior,suchaswaitingforabusinline.Weshouldneverspitorlittereverywhere.What’smore,wecan’tsmokeortalkaloudinpublic,suchasinthelibraryorthemuseum.Duringourdailylives,weoughttobehonest,nevertellliesorsaybadwordsbecauseit’srudetoothers.Alsoweshouldbepoliteandhelpfultoothers.Whenweareonthebus,wecangiveourseatstotheol