专题 20 阅读理解之主旨大意题-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（解析版）

专题20阅读理解（主旨大意题）刷大题、提能力1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）Bostonwantstobesmarter.Thecityhastakenadvantageoftechnologiestobecomemoreresponsivetoitsresidents'needs.Buttechnologyaloneisnotsufficienttomaketoday'scitiesliveable.Bostonhasdiscoveredthatitalsoneedstoreachtheold-fashionedlow-techcommunityandintegratethattechnologywithcitylife.KrisCarterrolledoutBoston'ssmartcityprogramin2014.ItstartedwithanAppthatresidentscoulddownloadtoreportlocationswheresidewalksneededrepair.Thecitysortedoutthosereportsandrankedtheminadatabase,whichrepaircrewsusedtoprioritizetheirwork.Thesystemworkedbeautifully,exceptforoneproblem:mostofthealerts(警报)camefromwealthierneighborhoods,wheretheconcentrationofsmartphone-equippedresidentswashighest.＂ThecomplaintsfromtheAppdidn'talwayscorrelatewiththegreatestcommunityneedforrepairs,"explainsCarter.Carter'sgrouphasmovedawayfromthemodelcommontomanysmartcityinitiativesoflettingtech-savvy(精通技术的）residentsdrivetheprocess.Instead,theyrunmeetingstofindoutwhatproblemspeopleindifferentneighborhoodscareaboutsolving.Whenitcametosidewalks,Bostonintroducedasecondmethodofcollectingrepairtips,hiringpeopletogetoutandwalkthecity's1,700milesofsidewalkstotakenotesontheircondition.Whetherusinglow-techorhigh-techapproaches,saysCarter,tostaysmart,acityneedstocontinuallyreassessitsoptionstospotopportunitiestoimproveresidents'lives.Takethesidewalkrepairprogram,walkingonthestreetswasprovedauseful,ifinefficientwaytoprioritizerepairneeds.Butlastyearthegroupfoundthatwalkers'mobilephonescouldbetrackedastheymovedalongthestreets,andthatdatacouldbeanalyzedtoidentifysidewalkrouteswhicharemostoftenusedbyneighborhoods.“Combinedwithourothersidewalkinformation,thatgaveusanevenbetterwaytopredictwherefasterrepairswoulddothemostgood,"saysCarter,"We'rereallyalwayslookingforwhatevermixofapproachesbestsolvestheproblem."1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thecitizens'life. B．Thecity'sreputation.C．Thecity'smanagement. D．Thebenefitsoftechnology.2．WhatproblemdidKrisCarter'steammeetwhencarryingouttheirprogram?A．Theyfacedmanytechnicalobstacles.B．Theycouldn'tserveallresidentswell.C．Theywerenotsupportedbyresidents.D．Theywereannoyedbybeingshort-staffed.3．WhichofthefollowingmightKrisCartermostagreewith?A．Maximizingthebenefitsoftechnology.B．Mixingapproachesforsolvingproblems.C．Givingfullplaytothepowerofresidents.D．Lettingtechcompaniesbealeadingrole.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ASmartCity:MoreThanJustTechB．ACitywithIntelligentFacilitiesC．Joint-effortinCityConstructionD．TheModernizationofaCity【答案】1．C2．B3．B4．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效管理，成就现代智慧城市。1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Buttechnologyaloneisnotsufficienttomaketoday'scitieslivable.Bostonhasdiscoveredthatitalsoneedstoreachtheold-fashionedlow-techcommunityandintegratethattechnologywithcitylife.”但是，仅仅依靠技术还不足以使今天的城市适合居住。波士顿发现，它还需要接触到传统的低智能化社区，并将这种技术与城市生活结合起来。本段主要讲述了波士顿力争成为智慧城市，使用高科技更充分地回应市民的需求，同时，城市也注重加强传统低智能化社区科技与生活的融合。所以第一段主要是关于城市的管理。故选C。2．推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“ThecomplaintsfromtheAppdidn’talwayscorrelatewiththegreatestcommunityneedforrepairs,

explainsGarter.”嘉德解释说，来自应用程序的投诉并不总是与最大的社区维修需求相关。根据第四段“Carter'sgrouphasmovedawayfromthemodelcommontomanysmartcityinitiativesoflettingtech-savvy(精通技术的）residentsdrivetheprocess.Instead,theyrunmeetingstofindoutwhatproblemspeopleindifferentneighborhoodscareaboutsolving”可知，卡特的团队已经摆脱了许多智能城市倡议的共同模式，即让精通技术的居民来推动这一进程。相反，他们召开会议，找出不同社区的人关心解决的问题。克里斯卡特的团队在执行他们的计划时遇到的问题是不能为所有市民很好地服务，故选B。3．推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“We'rereallyalwayslookingforwhateverevermixofapproachesbestsolvestheproblem.”我们一直在寻找各种方法的最佳组合来解决问题可知，Carter想要寻找高科技技术与传统方法融合的方式来满足城市管理的需要，故选B。4．主旨大意类。文章主要介绍了波士顿在提高城市智能程度的过程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分使用传统方法，以满足所有市民的需要，它是一座不仅仅以高科技来成就的智慧城市，所以短文的最佳标题为“智能城市：不仅仅靠技术”。故选A。2.（2023·广东潮州·统考二模）In2006,documentswerepublishedbytheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA).TheysuggestedthatclonedanimalsandclonedanimalproductswouldbeallowedintotheAmericanfoodsupply.TheFDAhasstatedthatclonedanimalproductsaresafeforconsumption,andhasperformedmanystudiestosupportthisview.Infact,productsfromclonedanimalshavealreadybeeneatenbysomeAmericanswithoutilleffects.TheFDAanalyzedthestructure(结构)andcontentofclonedanimalproductsandcompareditwiththatoftraditionallyreproducedanimals,anddiscoverednostatisticaldifferencebetweenthetwo.Consumersraisedseriousconcernsaboutclonedanimals.Thefirstisthequestionofwhetherornotclonedtissueandanimalproductsaretrulysafe.Thesecondisthatmanyclonesarealsogeneticallymodified(转基因的)animals,whichtheFDAhassaidareunsafeforhumanconsumption.Thethirdisthatconsumerswanttobeabletochoosewhattheyputintotheirbodies.Thefirstconcernaboutclonedanimalsisalmostunnecessaryduetothepriceofproducingaclone.Makingacloneneedshardworkandisverycostly.Thesecloneslivespoiledlivesbecausetheyareveryvaluable,despitebiologists'warningthatclonedanimalsdecreasediversity.Thesecondconcern,aboutgeneticmodificationofclonedanimals,ismoreproblematic.Itmaybeverydifficulttoseparategeneticallymodifiedanimalsfromnormalones.Thepurposeofgeneticallymodifiedclonedanimalsisunclear,andtheFDAhasn'tallowedtheirproductsontothemarket,duetohealthconcerns,buttheriskofgeneticpollutionofhealthyanimalsstillexists.Finally,thematterofchoiceisalargeone.Manyanimalrightsactivistsareworriedaboutclonerightsbecauseclonedornot,theanimalsstillhavelives.Otherconsumersaresimplytryingtoeathealthyfoods,andhavedoubtsabouttheclonedanimals.IftheFDAdoesnotmakelabeling(贴标签)laws,peoplemaynotbeabletomakeinformedchoicesabouttheirfood.5．WhydidtheFDAallowclonedanimalproductsforconsumption?A．Theyappealtoconsumersverymuch.B．Theydifferfromtraditionalanimalproducts.C．Theytastebetterthannormalanimalproducts.D．Theyhavebeenprovedsafeinseveralaspects.6．Whatdoweknowaboutproducingclonesofanimals?A．Ittakesmuchmoreeffortsandmoney. B．Itprovidessomenewmedicalbenefits.C．Itneedslesstimethanraisinganimals. D．Ithelpsincreasethediversityofanimals.7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Clonedanimalsshouldbeforbiddentoentermarket.B．Clonedanimalsshouldhavethesamerightsashumans.C．Lawsshouldbemadetoprotectpeople'srighttochoosefood.D．Animalrightsactivistsarestronglyagainstclonedanimalproducts.8．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Doubtsaboutclonedanimalsrights. B．Discussionsabouthowtocloneanimals.C．Concernsaboutanimalcloningtechnology. D．Worriesaboutclonedanimalconsumption.【答案】5．D6．A7．C8．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了食用克隆动物的三个忧虑。5．细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“TheFDAhasstatedthatclonedanimalproductsaresafeforconsumption,andhasperformedmanystudiestosupportthisview.”FDA已经声明克隆动物产品是安全的，并进行了许多研究来支持这一观点，可知，FDA认为克隆动物产品在很多方面被证明是安全的，所以允许食用克隆动物产品。故选D项。6．细节理解题。由第四段的第二句“Makingacloneneedshardworkandisverycostly.”克隆动物需要艰苦的工作并且非常昂贵，可知，克隆动物花费了很多的努力和金钱。故选A项。7．推理判断题。由最后一段内容，尤其是“IftheFDAdoesnotmakelabeling(贴标签)laws,peoplemaynotbeabletomakeinformedchoicesabouttheirfood.”如果FDA不使用贴标签的法律,人们可能无法对他们的食物做出明智的选择。可以推断出，应该制定法律来保护人们选择食物的权利。故选C项。8．主旨大意题。这篇文章是总分结构，开头提出FDA建议允许克隆动物和克隆动物产品进入美国的食品供应。第三段提出了食用克隆动物的三个顾虑，第一，克隆组织和动物产品是否真正安全的问题；第二，许多克隆动物也是转基因动物，FDA表示是人类食用不安全；第三，消费者希望能够选择吃什么。第四、五、六段分别仔细论述了这三个忧虑。可以推断出这篇文章主要探讨了食用克隆动物的担心。故选D项。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是总分结构，该类文章的中心一般就在文章开头，即可找到文章中心。这篇文章是总分结构，开头提出FDA建议允许克隆动物和克隆动物产品进入美国的食品供应。第三段提出了食用克隆动物的三个顾虑，第一，克隆组织和动物产品是否真正安全的问题；第二，许多克隆动物也是转基因动物，FDA表示是人类食用不安全；第三，消费者希望能够选择吃什么。第四、五、六段分别仔细论述了这三个忧虑。可以推断出这篇文章主要探讨了食用克隆动物的担心。故小题4选D项。（2023·湖南常德·高三校联考期末）ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It’snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday’stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,”addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”9．WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A．Itpromotedthesalesofartworks. B．Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C．ItshowedancientChineseclothes. D．ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.10．WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A．Theyaresettingthefashion. B．Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C．Theyadmiresupermodels. D．Theydobusinessallovertheworld.11．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingon”inparagraph4mean?A．learningfrom B．lookingdownon C．workingwith D．competingagainst12．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB．AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC．DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD．ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【答案】9．B10．A11．D12．D【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚界的影响。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.可知，此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中Hill所说的话“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”(中国模特是向世界各地的女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚运动的面孔，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。)可知，Hill说中国女性正在引领新时尚，故选A。11．词义猜测题。根据下文andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales说在设计和销售上击败他们，由此推断出上文VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MareJacobs的意思是VeraWang、AlexanderWang和JasonWu正在与Galliano、Albaz和MareJacobs竞争。takingon意思是“竞争”，故选D。12．主旨大意题。本文通过AmandaHill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故选D。4.（2023·山西阳泉·统考三模）Attheageofseven,whilehisfriendswerespendingtheirpocketmoneyonunimportantthingslikecandyandtoys,Josewasbusysavingmoneyformorenecessarythings.Totrytogethispeerstodothesame,theyoungsterfromPerucameupwiththenewideaofaneco-bank,whichallowskidsofallagestobecomeeconomicallyindependentandfinanciallyintelligent-whilealsohelpingtheenvironment.Foundedin2012,theBartselanaStudentBankistheworld'sfirstcooperativebankforkids.Possiblemembershavetobringinatleast5kilogramsofsolidwasteandsetasavingsgoal.Onceaccepted,allbankpartnersarerequiredtobankatleastoneadditionalkilogramofrecyclablesonamonthlybasis.Thewasteissoldtolocalrecyclingcompanies.Thefundsreceivedareplacedintheindividual'saccountwheretheycollectuntilhis/hersavingsgoalisreached.Theaccountholdercanthentakeouthis/hermoney,orchoosetoleaveitandcontinuetogrowforabiggergoal.Theyoungster'sdeterminationpaidoff,andby2013,theBartselanaStudentBankhadover200members.Thingshaveonlyimprovedsince.Today,theeco-bankisproudofteneducationalcenters.Theyaredesignedtoteachover3,000teenagerstobecomeeconomicallyindependent,invest(投资)wisely,andhelptheenvironment.NowtheBartselanaStudentBankbeganacceptingapplicationsfromkidsallacrossPeru.Notsurprisingly,Jose'seffortshaveearnedtheyoungsterseveralnationalandinternationalawards,whichwonhimabout$5,500.“Jose'seco-bankisabrilliantwayoflinkingeconomyandclimateeffect,bothinthoughtandpractice.Thesystemclearlyshowsthattheplanet'scommonresourcesarelimitedandthatwemustrecycletheproductswenolongeruse,”ajudgesaid.“Itcreatesviewpointofconsumption(消费).Thiswaycaringabouttheenvironmentbecomesaninvestment,asystemthatgiveschildrenbotheconomicindependenceandpowertoinfluencetheclimate.Thepotentialimpactisamazing.”13．InwhichaspectdoesJosestandoutfromotherkids?A．Hedidbetteratstudies.B．Hedidn'tlikecandyandtoys.C．Hemanagedhispocketmoneymorewisely.D．Hecamefromawealthyfamilybackground.14．Whatdoes“allbankpartners”inParagraph2referto?A．Localrecyclingcompanies. B．Thekidsbringinginrecyclables.C．Thebankstaffworkinginthebank. D．Thecustomerssavingmoney.15．WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusbytheexamplesinParagraph3?A．Jose'spioneeringeffortswererichlyrewarded.B．Josehelped3000teenagerspayofftheirdebts.C．Josecontributedtotheenvironmentalprotection.D．Jose'sideahelpedhimwinaprizeworth$5.500.16．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．KidsinPeruAreChangingTheirConsumptionHabits.B．PeruKidsLearnedtoBecomeEconomicallyIndependent.C．Jose'sIdeaisRaisingViewpointsofEnvironmentalProtection.D．APeruEco-BankTeachesKidsAboutFinanceAndRecycling.【答案】13．C14．B15．A16．D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jose创立了一家秘鲁生态银行，向孩子们教授金融和循环利用的故事。13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Attheageofseven,whilehisfriendswerespendingtheirpocketmoneyonunimportantthingslikecandyandtoys,Josewasbusysavingmoneyformorenecessarythings.（七岁的时候，当他的朋友们把零用钱花在糖果和玩具等不重要的东西上时，乔斯却忙着存钱买更需要的东西。）”可知，Jose比其他孩子突出的点在于可以更明智的管理零花钱。故选C项。14．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Foundedin2012,theBartselanaStudentBankistheworld'sfirstcooperativebankforkids.（成立于2012年的巴特塞拉纳学生银行是世界上第一家儿童合作银行。）”及“Onceaccepted,allbankpartnersarerequiredtobankatleastoneadditionalkilogramofrecyclablesonamonthlybasis.（一旦被接受，所有的银行合作伙伴必须每月至少多存一公斤可回收垃圾。）”可知，“allbankpartners”指的是带来可回收垃圾的儿童。故选B项。15．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theyoungster'sdeterminationpaidoff,andby2013,theBartselanaStudentBankhadover200members.（这个年轻人的决心得到了回报，到2013年，巴特塞拉纳学生银行已经拥有了200多名会员。）”和“Notsurprisingly,Jose'seffortshaveearnedtheyoungsterseveralnationalandinternationalawards,whichwonhimabout$5,500.”（不出所料，Jose的努力为这位年轻人赢得了几个国家和国际的奖，为他赢得了大约5500美元）可知，第三段主要通过事例讲述了Jose的努力所得到的回报。故选A项。16．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Foundedin2012,theBartselanaStudentBankistheworld'sfirstcooperativebankforkids.（成立于2012年的巴特塞拉纳学生银行是世界上第一家儿童合作银行。）”及文章最后一段“Thiswaycaringabouttheenvironmentbecomesaninvestment,asystemthatgiveschildrenbotheconomicindependenceandpowertoinfluencetheclimate.（这样，对环境的关心就变成了一种投资，一种给予孩子们经济独立和影响气候的能力的系统。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了秘鲁的一家生态银行向孩子们教授金融和循环利用。故选D项。5.（2023·辽宁·高三阜新市高级中学阶段练习）Anumberofstudiesshowthatsportsandotherphysicalactivitiescancontributetothedevelopmentofself-esteem(afeelingofprideinoneself).Forexample,Canadianscientistsfoundthatsixth-gradestudentswhoweremorephysicallyactivehadconsiderablyhigherlevelsofself-esteem.AstudyinSwitzerlandfoundthatteenagerswhotookpartinsportsclubswerehealthier,includingbeingbettersociallyadjusted,feelinglessanxious,andgenerallybeinghappierabouttheirlives.SimilarfindingswerereportedinastudyofLatinostudents,whereparticipationinschoolsportwasfoundtobegreatlyassociatedwithself-esteem.Thereseemslittledoubtthatpartofthepotency(潜能)ofsportsliesintheirsocialsetting.Therearealotoffactsshowingtheimportanceofsocialconnectedness(关联性)forhealthychildandteenagerdevelopment,andsportsofferapopularandengagingsettingforsocialinteractions.Involvementinteamsportshasbeenpositivelyassociatedwithsocialacceptanceandasenseofbelonging,especiallywheresuchinvolvementischaracterizedbypositivecoaching,progressiveskilldevelopment,andpeersupport.But,thesocialsettingofsportscanexcludeaswellasinclude.Thereisnowevidencethatboys’andgirls’experiencesofsportscanbeverydifferent,andthiscanaffectthecontributiontheycanmaketotheself-esteemofplayers.Peeracceptanceseemstobeanimportantfactorindeterminingtherelationshipbetweensportparticipationandself-esteem,andgirlscanbeparticularlysensitivetonegativejudgments.Andstudieshavefoundthatmany‘girly’boysandgirlsbenefitmostfromnon-competitivephysicalactivities.So,anoteofcautionoughttobesoundedincasesportsareconsideredtobeacure.Muchoftheliteratureonthemostpositivepsychological(心理的)outcomesassociatedwithchildhoodandyouthsportsstresstheabsoluteimportanceofpositiveexperiences.Itwillsurprisenoonethatbullying,excludingorabuseexperienceswillharm,ratherthansupportthedevelopmentofself-esteem,andwell-beingingeneral.Sadly,itwillalsonotbeashocktolearnthatmanychildren’sintroductionstosportsarefarfromimprovingthequalityoflife.ThegreatdevelopmentalpsychologistJeanPiagetarguedthatthefoundationsofself-esteemwerelaidbetweentheagesofabout6and11yearsofage.Importantly,thisisalsothetimewhenchildrenaremostlikelytobeintroducedtosports.Weshouldknowtheimportanceofpositiveearlysportingexperiencesforthedevelopmentofbothself-esteemandon-goingparticipationinsportsandotherphysicalactivities.Teachers,coaches,andparentshavearesponsibilitytoensurethattheseexperiences‘catch’asmanychildrenaspossible,andforthistohappentheyneedtoremember‘theprinciplesofchilddevelopment’:Childrenarenotmini-adults.Problemsarisewhenadultsforgettheseprinciples,andkidthemselvesintothinkingthattheyarecoachingfutureOlympiansorSuperstars.Unluckily,evidencesuggeststhattalentedchildrenaremostlikelytostandoutwhentheyaregiventimetodevelop,toplay,andtoremainchildren.Childrenarenotminiatureadults,andtheirenjoymentofsports(andtheirself-esteem)cansufferwhenadultsforgetthis!17．StudiesinSwitzerlandandLatinoshowedteenagerswhooftenjoininsports_____.A．buildself-esteemearlierB．havemoregoodexperiencesC．aremoresensitivetojudgmentsD．arehealthierbothphysicallyandmentally18．Ingeneral,theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofsportsonteenagersis_____.A．positive B．criticalC．uncertain D．tolerant19．Accordingtotheauthor,whenchildrentakepartinsports,they_____.A．willbehappierabouttheirlivesB．aremorelikelytobeattractedbycompetitivesportsC．shouldbetreatedbycoachesandparentsassuperstarsD．willbuildself-esteemifgivenpositivecommentandsupport20．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ChildrenShouldTakePartinSportsB．SportsOfferYouaBetterTeenageLifeC．SportsExperienceandBuildingSelf-EsteemD．PeopleShouldTreatTeenagersLikeMiniatureAdults【答案】17．D18．A19．D20．C【分析】这是一篇说明了。主要说明了体育运动与促进自尊的发展之间的关系，并提醒大家发展体育方向要注意形式和方法，切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“AstudyinSwitzerlandfoundthatteenagerswhotookpartinsportsclubswerehealthier,includingbeingbettersociallyadjusted,feelinglessanxious,andgenerallybeinghappierabouttheirlives.SimilarfindingswerereportedinastudyofLatinostudents,whereparticipationinschoolsportwasfoundtobegreatlyassociatedwithself-esteem.”瑞士的一项研究发现，参加体育俱乐部的青少年更加健康，包括在社交上有更好的适应能力，不那么焦虑，并且总体上对自己的生活更快乐。在对拉丁裔学生的一项研究中也报告了类似的发现，在该研究中，参加学校运动与自尊有很大关系。可知瑞士和拉丁美洲人的研究表明，经常参加运动的青少年在身心上都更健康。故选D项。18．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Anumberofstudiesshowthatsportsandotherphysicalactivitiescancontributetothedevelopmentofself-esteem(afeelingofprideinoneself).”许多研究表明，体育运动和其他体育活动可以促进自尊的发展。由此判断出作者对与体育运动对青少年的影响的态度是积极的。故选A项。19．推理判断题。根据第二段中Involvementinteamsportshasbeenpositivelyassociatedwithsocialacceptanceandasenseofbelonging,especiallywheresuchinvolvementischaracterizedbypositivecoaching,progressiveskilldevelopment,andpeersupport.可知，团队运动的参与与社会接受度和归属感呈正相关，特别是当这种参与以积极的指导、进步的技能发展和同伴支持为特征时。由此判断出，根据作者的观点，当孩子参加体育活动时，如果给予积极的评价和支持，他们会建立自尊。故选D项。20．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Anumberofstudiesshowthatsportsandotherphysicalactivitiescancontributetothedevelopmentofself-esteem(afeelingofprideinoneself).”许多研究表明，体育运动和其他体育活动可以促进自尊的发展。并结合全文理解可知，文章论述了体育运动与促进自尊的发展之间的关系，并提醒大家发展体育方向要注意形式和方法，切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。C项SportsExperienceandBuildingSelf-Esteem“体育运动经历与自尊心建立”切合文意。故选C项。6.（2023·辽宁沈阳·沈阳二中校考三模）TerraCycleisacompanythathasrecycledandupcycled(升级改造)justaboutanygarbageitcangetitshandson.Itupcyclesthingslikepensandmarkersintodustbinsandpicnictablesandcigaretteendsintorailroadties.Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:TheTerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.Thebookispartwake-upcall,parthistorylesson,parthow-to,andpartDIYartsandcraftsinstruction.Inanefforttohelppeopledowhattheycantocurbtheircontributiontothetonsofwastecreatedeveryday,MakeGarbageGreatgivesthehistoryofvariousmaterials,discusseswhythosevariousmaterialsareaproblem,andgivestipsandDIYprojectstorecycleorupcycleeachmaterial.Thereisachaptereachonplastics,metals,paper,glass,wood,rubberandorganics.Eachchapterisfilledwithtonsoftipsandideasforreducingtheamountofwasteyoucreateandforresponsiblyhandlingthewasteyouendupcreatinginyourhome.Ifyou’reaconsciousconsumer,someoftheinformationyoumayalreadyknow,buttherearealsotipsinthisbookthatwillhelpyourecyclemorethanyouthoughtyouwereableto.Ithasinformationonwhereyoucantakeoldsneakers,pillows,andallthatelectronicwastethatseemstopileupquickerandquickereachyear.Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothinkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwasteourculturecreateswillfindsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It’sprintedontree-freepaperandisareminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.21．Whatisthebookintendedtodo?A．Toadvertiseforthecompany.B．Tohelpfamiliesmakemoney.C．Toinstructpeopletolearnarts.D．Tohelpfamiliesreducewaste.22．Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A．Itisintendedforhousewives.B．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C．Itiswellreceivedallovertheworld.D．Itisnotdifferentfromotherpaperbooks.23．Whatdoestheauthor’sattitudetowardsthebook?A．Positive. B．Negative.C．Doubtful. D．Objective.24．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LiveAMoreHealthyLife?B．WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?C．TerraCycle—AResponsibleCompanyD．MakeGarbageGreat—AKeytoSuccess【答案】21．D22．B23．A24．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于垃圾回收和升级改造的TerraCycle公司为了帮助人们减少生活垃圾而出版了一本书，书中介绍了一些关于对废弃物品重新再利用的方法。21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:TheTerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.(现在，TerraCycle希望通过一本新书《让垃圾变得伟大：TerraCycle家庭零废物生活指南》来帮助家庭减少浪费)可知，这本书的目的是为了帮助家庭减少浪费。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的后两句Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It’sprintedontree-freepaperandisareminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable(可持续的)alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.(甚至实体书本身也有一些灵感。它印在没有树木的纸上，提醒我们通常有一个可持续的选择来替代我们浪费的许多产品)可知，这本书的用纸不是由树制成的，这本书是环保的。故选B。23．推理判断题。根据全文尤其最后一段作者的描述Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothinkbeforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwasteourculturecreateswillfindsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.(无论这本书是鼓励你在处理废物方面变得更聪明一点，还是只是鼓励你在买东西或扔东西之前思考一下，任何关心我们的文化造成的废物的人都会在这里找到一些想法。甚至实体书本身也有一些启发)可以看出，作者对这本书的态度是积极肯定的。故选A。24．主旨大意题。本文主要内容是帮助人们减少生活垃圾和对废物的重新利用的方法。由此可知，B.WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?(想要零废物的生活方式吗？)可以体现文章的中心，适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。7.（2023·吉林长春·高三长春市第五中学校考期末）Oneofthemostpopularbeliefsinparentingistheso﹣calledMozarteffect，whichsaysthatlisteningtomusicbytheAustriancomposerWolfgangMozartcanincreaseachild'sintelligence．SomepregnantwomenhaveevengonesofarastoplayMozartrecordingsonheadphonespressedagainsttheirbellies．Andit'snothardtoseehowMozart'snamebecameassociatedwithaccelerateddevelopment．Hewashistory'sgreatestchildgenius，performingastonishingmusicforkingsandqueensatanagewhenmanyofuswerecontentwithtunelesssinging"I'maLittleTeapot"．So，ifyouhavekidsoryou'reexpectingtohavethem，howseriouslyshouldyoutaketheMozarteffect？Willthechildwhodoesn'tlistentoMozartinthecradle（摇篮）belimitedtoanordinarylife？Areyouabadparentifyourkidsdon'tknowaboutanyworksofMozart？Relax．ThereisnoscientificevidencethatlisteningtoMozartimproveschildren'scognitiveabilities．Thewholeideacomesfromasmallstudydonein1993，whichfoundthatcollegestudentswholistenedtoMozart'sSonataforTwoPianosinDMajor（K448）showedsomeimprovementinatestofspatial（空间的）skills．Thisfindingwaslaterdescribedassomethingextremelyamazingbyamusician，DonCampbell，inabook．Campbell'sclaimsaboutthesuperpowersofMozart'smusicwererepeatedendlesslyinthemediaandfueledacrazeforMozart﹣basedenrichmentactivities．In