挑战练13 完形填空15题(说明文)(原卷版)-2020-2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)

2020~2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)13完形填空[15题](说明文)1Ateamisagroupofpeoplewhohavebeenchosentoworktogethertodoaparticularjob.Teammembershavea(an)1goalandworkonsimilarstrategies.Toensureateamworkeffectively,teamcommunicationis2.Teamcommunicationsimplymeanshowthesmallgroupofpeoplecommunicatewitheachotherandhowthis3theeffectivenessofteamasawhole,by4thepersonalcharacteristicsofthemembers.Alsoteamcommunicationcanmaketheteammoreproductiveandthusmaketheteamoperationsflawless,5andhealthy.Sowhatcanbedonetomaketeamcommunication6amongthegroup?Wellteammembersshouldalwaysbe7andgivenequalimportance.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouareateamleaderorateammember.Eachoneshouldhaveasayinteamdecisions.Alsomakememberofyourteam8aboutthestrategiesand9oftheparticularprojectthegroupisworkingon.Anyconfusioninthemindofanymembermaydelaythe10ofthegoal.Toovercomethis11andmakesurethateverybodyhasunderstoodthegoal12,alwayswelcomequestions.Communicatewiththemembersofyourteamregularly,andkeepontellingthemaboutthelatestchangesandthemostrecent13aboutthissituation.Thiscouldbedonethroughemails,chat,videoortelephonicconferenceandsoon.Meetyourteammembersonaregularbasis,andmakethemeetinginteractivebygivingeveryteammembera14tospeak.Inaddition,don’tforgettoshowyour15ofteammembers’goodperformance,whichcanencouragethemtoproducebetterwork.1.A.ordinary B.common C.usual D.average2.A.obtained B.required C.ordered D.respond3.A.bringsout B.breaksout C.bringsin D.breaksin4.A.changing B.developing C.forming D.improving5.A.slow B.smooth C.secure D.stable6.A.enjoyable B.reliable C.sensitive D.effective7.A.served B.reflected C.satisfied D.respected8.A.clear B.curious C.cautious D.crazy9.A.goal B.plan C.design D.process10.A.settlement B.development C.statement D.achievement11.A.conflict B.disability C.problem D.dilemma12.A.thoroughly B.roughly C.actually D.apparently13.A.business B.affairs C.commands D.information14.A.reason B.chance C.possibility D.excuse15.A.happiness B.surprise C.appreciation D.comprehensive2Therearemanytalentedpeoplearoundtheworld.Someare16inbusiness,othersaregoodartists.Whateverthe17is,theremustbegoodideasinordertosucceed.Becauseasinglepersonbyhimselfcan18assesshisideascritically,heneedstocommunicatewithanotherperson.Todayyoucan19findpeopletotalktoonline.Extensivegeographycanincreaseyour20tofindthepersonwhosharesyourinterests.Inthebeginning,itis21tomeetasmanypeopleaspossible.Themorepeopleyouknow,thehigherthechanceyoufindthe22person.Beforeyouimplement(实施)youridea,itisnecessaryto23itwiththispersonyoufind.Inthiswayyougetanewviewofyourideaandrealizehowyoucandevelopitfurtheror24ittoimprove.Oftenthispersoncanshowyouwhatstrengthsand25yourideahas.Itisgoodtoimplementanythoughtonyourown,butdoingitwitha/an26iseasier.Whenyouchoosesomeonetoexpressyourideas,27thepersonhasstrongmotivationtolistentoyou.Sheorhealsoneedstohavethe28totellyouwhatisgoodandbadaboutyourideas.Chooseallthe29methodstofindthisperson.Communicateyourthoughtstohimandyourlifewillbecomemoresuccessful.Soitisimportantto30yourideaswithsomeoneelse.16.A.wealthy B.busy C.strong D.interested17.A.part B.field C.case D.advice18.A.hardly B.regularly C.instantly D.nearly19.A.proudly B.roughly C.easily D.actually20.A.courage B.chance C.interest D.hope21.A.necessary B.normal C.possible D.helpful22.A.rich B.friendly C.proper D.clever23.A.argue B.discuss C.cover D.travel24.A.control B.check C.protect D.change25.A.aspects B.advantages C.weaknesses D.exception26.A.partner B.guide C.adult. D.expert27.A.tryout B.makesense C.workout D.makesure28.A.belief B.ability C.confidence D.time29.A.scientific B.traditional C.available D.various30.A.associate B.exchange C.provide D.combine3MasksthathelpedsavelivesduringtheCovid-19areprovingadeadly31forwildlife,withbirdsandmarinecreaturescapturedinthe32numberofabandonedfacialcoveringslitteringanimalhabitats.33surgicalmaskshavebeenfoundscatteredaroundpavements,waterwaysandbeachesworldwidesincecountriesbegan34theiruseinpublicplaces.Wornonce,thethinprotectivematerialscantakehundredsofyearsto35.Monkeyshavebeen36chewingthemasksinMalaysia.AndinanincidentthatcapturedheadlinesinBritain,agullwasrescuedbytheRSPCA(英国防止虐待动物协会)afteritslegsbecame37inthestraps(带子)ofadisposablemaskforuptoaweek.Thebiggestimpactmaybeinthewater.Morethan1.5billionmasks38intotheworld'soceanslastyear,accordingtoenvironmentalgroupOceansAsia.(亚洲海洋组织)Alreadythereare39thatmasksareworseningthreatstomarinelife.ConservationistsinBrazilfoundoneinsidethe40ofapenguinafteritsbodywas41onabeach,whileFrenchcampaignersOperationMerProperfoundadeadcrabcaughtinamaskinasaltwaterlakeneartheMediterranean.Masksandglovesare''particularlyproblematic”forseacreatures,saysGeorgeLeonard,chiefscientistfromOceanConservancy.“Whenthose42breakdownintheenvironment,theyformsmallerandsmallerparticles(颗粒),”hetoldAFP.“Thoseparticlesthenenterthefood43andimpactentireecosystems,”headded.44,campaignershaveurgedustodisposesingle-usemasksproperly45wecutthestrapstoreducetheriskofanimalsbecomingcaptured.OceanAsiahasalsocalledongovernmentstoencouragetheuseofwashablemasks.31.A.force B.violence C.danger D.friction32.A.relevant B.incredible C.potential D.consistent33.A.gentle B.water-proof C.tight D.single-use34.A.enhancing B.rejecting C.assessing D.observing35.A.breakthrough B.breakdown C.breakoff D.breakinto36.A.spotted B.explained C.glanced D.employed37.A.sought B.broken C.trapped D.bent38.A.wonone'sreputation B.tooktheirplace C.soughttheirfortune D.madetheirway39.A.marks B.signs C.responses D.codes40.A.ear B.eye C.mouth D.stomach41.A.washedup B.caredabout C.tookon D.gaveout42.A.shelves B.clothes C.plastics D.cells43.A.chain B.infection C.development D.consumption44.A.Instead B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise45.A.after B.unless C.before D.while4Balzaconcesaidartisticcreationwas“anexhausting46”.Hebelievedthatonlyby47workandfearingnotafraidof48couldyoushowyourtalent.Itwasjustlikethesoldiers49thefortress（要塞）,notrelaxingyoureffortevenforamoment.OnceBalzacwroteforhours50，hewassotiredthathecouldnot51anylonger.Herantofriend’shomeandjumpedheadlongonthesofa.Hewantedto52,buthetoldhisfriendhemustbe53withinanhour.Hisfriend,seeinghimsotired,didnotwakehimupontime.Afterhewokeup,Balzacgotvery54athisfriend.55,hisfriendhadanintimateunderstandingofhimanddidnotquarrelwithhim.Balzacdidnotsmokecigarettes,nordidhedrinkanyalcohol.Buthegotone56:whilehewaswriting,healwaysdrankvery57coffeethatcouldalmosthisstomach.Hedidn’taddmilk,nordidheaddsugarinhiscoffee.Itwouldnotsatisfyhimuntilitwasmade58.Peoplegenerallydidnotliketodrinksuchbittercoffee.Thathadstrange59onhim,andcouldhelphim60thesleepiness,accordingtohimself.46.A.struggle B.existence C.project D.issue47.A.rough B.stubborn C.persistent D.temporary48.A.hardness B.challenges C.barriers D.drawbacks49.A.charging B.flying C.climbing D.removing50.A.inend B.onend C.atall D.insum51.A.hangout B.holdout C.hangup D.holdback52.A.release B.contain C.celebrate D.sleep53.A.calledup B.droppedby C.wokenup D.putup54.A.grateful B.content C.annoyed D.bold55.A.Fortunately B.Consequently C.Actually D.Unbelievably56.A.routine B.interest C.habit D.attachment57.A.heavy B.darker C.strong D.thick58.A.bitter B.sweeter C.hotter D.colder59.A.sense B.impression C.impact D.effort60.A.driveaway B.putaway C.takeaway. D.giveaway5Makingpredictionshindersthebrain’sabilitytorememberthepresentmoment,newresearchsuggests.Thehippocampus,abrainstructureusually61withrememberingevents,alsousesexperiencestomakeforecasts(neuroscientistscallthis‘‘statisticallearning”).62scientistswritingintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAhavenowdemonstratedthatthelatterfunctioncandisrupttheformer.Researchersshowedparticipantsaseriesofphotographsonascreenwithouttellingthemthatsomeimagecategoriesalways63others:mountainsalwayscameimmediatelyafterbeaches,forexample.Thesubjectswereintendedto64learntheseassociationsandbegintoexpectthesepairings.Later,theparticipantswereshownthesamephotosagain,mixedinwithnewexamples,andwereaskediftheyhad65anyofthembefore.Theyaccuratelyrecalledseeing66imagesatamuchbetterratethanthe“predictive”ones(likethebeachpictures).Thescientistsrepeatedthisprocesswhilescanningparticipants’brainswithfunctionalMRI.Eachimagecategorypromptedadistinctneuralactivitypattern,andthe67for“predictable”categorieswereseeninthehippocampuswhenthecorrespondingpredictivecategorywasdisplayed.68,thiseffect’sstrengthinfMRIcorrespondedinverselywithparticipants,memorytaskscores.“Themoreevidenceforpredictionwesaw,the69theirmemorywasforthosepredictiveitemssuchasaparticularbeachscene,”saysstudyleadauthorandYaleUniversitycognitiveneuroscientistBrynnSherman.Thissuggeststhatpredictiveimagestriggeredthehippocampustoshiftgearstoward70一andawayfromencodinganewmemory.Thestudyisamongthefirsttodemonstratehowmakingpredictions71humanmemory.Scientistspreviouslysuspectedthatthehippocampushadaroleinstatisticallearningbuthadnotknownhowit72withmemoryformation.“Thispaperisareallynicedemonstrationofthe73wherethehippocampusisdoingboththesethings,”saysUniversityofVirginiacognitiveneuroscientistNicoleLong,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Theteamsaysthistrade-offoccursbecauserememberingandpredictingbothusesomeofthesame74pathways.Inthepaper,theauthorscompareitwith“usingone’srightfoottooperateboththebrakeandgaspedalsinacar...butnotbothatthesametime.”Th