湖南省考题型解读阅读填空题

阅读填空高考题型突破之二文章特点1.所给短文篇幅为300字左右2.短文脉络清晰，结构一般为三段式：现象—原因—结果/建议/解决办法人物—生平—评价考察目标：

考生的阅读理解能力，信息摘录和概括能力。题目类型：1.直接信息题2.信息改写题3.归纳总结题解题步骤和方法1.通读全文，掌握短文大意做阅读填空时,首先应了解短文的大意,对整个语篇的布局和结构有一个清楚的了解。2.研读表格，弄清表格结构阅读表格的能力直接关系到做阅读填空题的成败。从近年高考题可以看出表格的结构与短文的语篇结构是相对应的,是一种信息的整体转换。●通过比较表格(上看、下看、左看、右看),

明确所缺空格须填入答案的形式与表格上下、左右信息在形式上保持一致(即依葫芦画瓢)。①在表格中，空格的上下或左右的信息用非谓语形式表达，则答案也应当使用相同非谓语形式；②表格信息用句子表达时，答案须注意时态、语态等的一致。

…The“graying”oftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothefactthatpeopleintheUSarelivinglonger.Asamatteroffact,thenumberofUScitizens85yearsoldandolderisgrowingsixtimesasfastastherestofthepopulation.Itisalsolargelyduetotheold-growingofthe“babyboomers,”thegenerationbornafterWorldWarII…78._______79.____________________Babyboomers’old-growingCitizens’livinglongerReasonsduetodueto3.查读短文，找出相应信息点或信息句根据表格信息，迅速在原文中找出其对应的单词、短语或句子。4.对原文信息进行摘录、改写、归纳，得出符合要求的答案。5.检查语言的规范性和表达的一致性。◆答案的表达把握了短文的大意,理清了表格的结构后,如何用恰当的词语来填空是所有考生都觉得困难的一个环节。表格语言与语篇语言是有差异的。表格语言是一种经过了提炼和浓缩的语言,具有精炼、简洁的特点,而不是语篇中的句子。填入空格的答案可分为两类：具体信息题和归纳总结题。同学们在解题时应当先从具体信息题开始，然后再去做归纳总结题。I.具体信息题具体信息题都位于总结栏后的分支栏中,与短文中的具体细节相对应。●一部分具体信息题可以在短文中直接找到答案，在词数符合要求的前提下可照抄原文。

●当原文信息词数超过三个时，要对其进行改写，使之达到三个词数的要求。下面介绍几种常见的改写方法。1.替代法①用“’s”所有格代替of所有格

theold-growingofthe“babyboomers”

thepayofajourneyman

Babyboomer’sold-growingajourneyman’spaySpecially,thereformshavemadeiteasierfornewprovidersofATMservicestoenterthemarketandhaveprovidedATMownerswiththefreedomtochargecustomersfortheuseofATMs.OneelementofthereformsistheremovalofinterchangefeesthatcardissuerspaidtoATMowners.◆Makingiteasierfornew_____________toenterthemarket◆OfferingATMownersthefreedomtochargecustomersfor__________◆….isthe__________________thatcard….ATMservices’providersATMs’useinterchangefees’removal②用同义或近义词语替代单词或短语：

Thescientistmadeanewdiscoveryof

medicine.Thescientist_________anewmedicine.Sharksareneededintheworld’soceansystems.Althoughtheydon’tneedus,weneedthem.Humansshouldprotectsharksfortheoceanecosystembecauseweare___________them.

discoveredinneedof【说明】词语替代既可用单词替代短语以减少词数达到要求，也可根据需要用短语来替代单词。

常见词语替换：

makeaplanmakepreparationsformakeuseofmakeadiscoveryofmakeprogressinmakeastudyof

planprepareusediscoverprogressstudytakenoticeoftakeawalk/resttakecareofpayavisittobeawareofbeinneedofbefondofbeinplaceofsb……noticewalk/restcarevisitknowneedliketakeone’splace③用复数名词替代“a/an+单数名词”用通用的度、量、衡单位符号替代一些单词

Onedollarandeighty-seventycentswasallDellahadsaved._______wasallDellahadsaved.

这样的符号有：℃,￡,￥,＄,㎏,㎞,㎝,﹪,etc.$1.87Everyolderstudent….Eachyoungerstudenthasanadvisorwithwhomheorshemeetseverydaytotalkaboutanything....Theolderstudents:developingindependentdecision-makingandself-management.Theyoungerones:__________________talktohavingadvisorsto③表示长、宽、高及年龄的数量短语可以用连字符“-”压缩成一个单词作定语。

Aboywhowaseightyearsoldwentmissingyesterday.________________wentmissingyesterday.An8-year-oldboy2.缩写法①表部分与整体的some/most…of+the+n可直接表达成：some/most+n

Mostoftheintervieweesagreethattheycannotacceptthechanges.________________agreetheycan’tacceptthechanges.Mostinterviewees②can/is/do/must…+not可缩写成can’t/isn’t…等形式。

sb+be/have/had/would表缩写成sb’ve/sb’d等形式

Hedoesnotagreetomyplan.He______________myplan.IwillgoonatriptoQingdao.__________atriptoQingdao.doesn’tagreetoI’llgoon3.转换法一般情况下需要根据表格，对原文信息进行转换，其基本要求是“由繁变简，等义表述”①词性转换

动词短语

名词短语：

Itrainedheavilylastnight.

◆

__________lastnight.

Heavyrain

介词定语

名词定语：

agradualchangeinthefamilyunit

achangeintheproportionofthenation’sworkforcefamilyunitchangeworkforceproportionchange②词性转化

动词转化成名词

Forthefirsttimeever,scientistshavebeenabletocreateachemicalelementthatcanfightcancercells.

●

_________ofachemicalelementbreakthroughagainstcancercells.Theyalsohavefewerabsencesandarelesslikelytoblame.

●fewerabsencesand__________CreationlessblameOnereasonisthatthewiderangeofethnic(民族的)groupsintheUKhasaddednewingredients,flavors(风味),“fusion(融合)”andtechniquestoBritishcuisine.▼Reasons:(1)78.________ofnewingredients,flavors,fusionandtechniquestoBritishcuisine.Addition

形容词转化成动词(makesth+adj.)Theywanttomakethefactorymoremodern.

●

___________thefactory

Theytriedtheirbesttomaketheworkingconditioncomfortable.

●

_________theworkingconditionmodernizingcomforting③从句转换成非谓语动词定语从句转化成现在分词或过去分词

Thegirlwhohadbeencaughtstealingwassetfreeatlast.Thegirl______________wassetfreeatlast.

宾语从句转化成todo或doing

Weallhopethatwewillbeabletoplaygamesonthesportsfield.Hoping________gamesonthesportsfields.caughtstealingtoplay④句子转化成短语

Thepriceofithasrisenagain.

●

_____________ofit.Theirdemandforitgreatlydecreased.

●______________________forit.…peopleintheUSarelivinglonger.

●____________________.therisingpricetheirdecreaseddemandsPeople’slongerlivingII.归纳总结题

归纳总结题具有高度的概括性，用于表格的标题以及具有总括特点的栏目，这些词主要根据短文的信息来进行概括。

一些常见的具有概括功能的词汇列表如下：时间类地点类事件主题类原因类结果类目的类方法类种类类time,period(date,year)location,area,region,countryevent,phenomenon;theme,subject,topic,contentreason,cause,source,originresult,effect,consequencepurpose,aim,goalsolution,way,approach,method,measure,stepkind,type,category,species建议类观点类问题类对比类advice,suggestions,tipview,opinion,idea,attitude,conclusion,summary,commentproblem,questiondifference,similarity;advantage,disadvantage…The“graying”oftheUSwillgreatlyaffectthenation’sfamilyandworkforce.Onelikelydevelopmentwillbeagradualchangeinthefamilyunit;itwillmoveawayfromthenuclearfamilyandtowardsamultigenerationalfamily.Theotherlikelydevelopmentwillbeachangeintheproportion(比例)ofthenation’sworkforce.In1989therewere3.5workersforeveryperson65andolder;bytheyear2030,therewillbeonlybe2workersforeveryperson65andolder.80._______81.________83.______________

multigenerationalfamily

82.________84.___________tocitizens65andolder85.______

By2030

3.5:1

2:1

Effects/ResultsFamilyunitchangeWorkforceNuclearfamilyWorkersIn1989Wedding_________