汽车车灯配光技术培训教材

PhotometryLI

ghting

Technology[Photometry

basic

notionsmPhotometric

regulations

mPhotometricsolutionsm

LightsourcesmLightingtechnologies■

AutolampappearanceMaincontentPhotometry

Basic

Notions

Photometry

notions

mSolid

Angle

立体角?■

LuminousFlux

光通量?mllluminance

照度?m

Luminous

intensity

发

光

强

度

?Photometry

notionsSolid

angle

立体角球面上某块面积对球心形成的角称为立体角。

立体角的单位为Sr。二·dsΩ:最

…→4T-整个圆球面对应的立体角为4π。ANGLE

SOUIER-1Ωwne:le

SteradianMM0S

Photometry

notions

·Luminous

flux光通量，

光源在单位时间内向周围空间辐射并引起视觉的能量，

称为光通量.单位lmPhotometry

notions的

量，

(比点称)

度。位Ix。面的为上面积之被照面面表到被照面上llluminancelux(Cc)-qannreneuMCE

REUEPARCN

OBJET

PAR

UNITEDESCEFACEdgECLAIPEMENTdsE

于=贵Photometry

notions●|Luminous

intensity

光源在空间某一特定方向上单位立体

角内辐射的光通量，

称为光源在该方向上的发光强度，

单位cd.Solid

angle(sr)=Portion

of

surface

limited

by

acone.

表面对球心的张角。Luminous

flux(lm)=Total

amount

of

lightemitted

by

a

light

source.

发光体发出的光线数量。llluminance(lx)=Amount

of

light

received

by

agiven

surface.被照面接受光通量的密度，

用来鉴定被照面的照明。Luminous

intensity(cd)=Amount

oflightcomingout

of

the

bulb

in

a

given

direction.发光体在某个方向上发出的光通量密度，表明了光通量的空间分布。

Photometry

notions

·

To

remindPhotometric

RegulationsREGULATIONS中华人民共和国国家标准GB

11564外部照明和信号装置的安装规定GB

4599前照灯配光性能GB

4785机动车回复反射器GB

5920倒车灯配光性能GB

17509转向信号灯配光性能GB

15235前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光GB

7258前性雾

配光性能GB

11554后雾灯配光性能GB

4660机动车运行安全技术条件GB

15766道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求外部照明和信号装置的安装规定前照灯配光性能机动车回复反射器倒车灯配光性能转向信号灯配光性能前位灯后位灯示廓灯和制动灯配光

性能前

雾

灯

配

光

性

能后雾灯配光性能机动车运行安全技术条件道路机动车辆灯泡尺寸、光电性能要求REGULATIONS

中华人民共和国国家标准GBGB

GB

GB

GB

GB

GB

GB

GBGB15766

|

5920175091523511564459947857258115544660Setuponthe

carHID

bulbs

for

low

and

high

beanFilament

bulbsHalogen

low

and

high

beamsPO(AV/AR),STOPFog

lamp

beamHID

bulbsID(AV/AR/SIDE)REGULATIONSECE

RegulationsR37R98

R48R112R6Setuponthe

carHID

bulbsforlowand

high

beanNonsealed

bulbsHalogenlowand

high

beamsPO(AV/AR),STOPFog

lamp

beamHID

bulbsID(AV/AR/SIDE)R37R98R48R19R7R112R99R6REGULATIONSECE

Regulations■Aiming照准：

The

cut-offallows

the

low

beam

correct

aiming.It

should

not

overpass

either

the

broken

lineHV-H1-H4,or

theHV-H3lineFor

a

RH

driving

beam,the

horizontal

cutoff

should

be

placed

to

theMeasurements

must

be

carried

out

with

a

standard

bulb

n

g

s

rder

to

assure

the

bulb

nominal3nRice(hnlitiaatuleseeosttugmitdnx,accore

curreuhflTZIIIRZonebetween

H=0%,V=0%et

H=15,8%,V=4,2%ZIIIL:Zonebetween

H=-15,8%,V=0%et

H=0%,V=0%

Zone

3<0,7LX Zone4>3

LX

Zone

1<2*50R

OU2*50LCLASS

ACLASSBN(%)H(%N(“H(°EminEmaxEminEmaxB50l1%-6%0,573,420,4Lx0,4Lx75R-1%2%0,54,14°6

Lx12Lx75L-1%-6%0573.4212L)12Lx50R5%3%0,867115L121x50L-159-69%0.8633.426

Lx151x50V5%0%0,860°6Lx25L3%15.894.71-9°1,5Lx2Lx25R-3%15,8,719°1,5Lx2LxHV0%0%0°0°0,7Lx0,7LxZIIIR0,7Lx0,7LxZII0,7Lx0,7LxZ42Lx3

LxZ120

Lx2*50RP17%14%4°-80,3Lx0,7Lx0,3Lx0,7LxP27%0%4°0°0,7Lx0.7LXP37%14%4°8°0,7Lx0,7LxP43,5%-7%2°-40,6Lx0,7Lx0,6Lx0,7LxP53,5%0%2°0°0,7Lx0,7LxP63,5%7%2°4°0,7Lx0,7LxP70%14%0°-8°0,1Lx0,7Lx0,7LxP80%-7%0°-4°0,2Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx·R112

-Low

beam of

HV

and1%downwards(+/-1°horizontal

discrepancy

ised)idewsotlfallePFH!

H275RR-P1

P2V(%)

P3H(%)

P725HHaH(%)Measurementconditions:5075LsotHV+50V25RP8(%)5cut-offHHeadlampphotometricrequirementsStatistical

positionsofwhat

needsbeseenand

identified

.

1

Posted

panelsat

100m4

Eyesfixation

apdag

100

m

sa

mat

50t

50m6

lanedelineator5Opposers'eyesatms0n5itsadsroaneledheerstvoOP32·

75R:Point

located

at

75m

ontheright

side

ofthelevel

ground.·

Itsvaluemust

be

close

to

that

of

maximum

illuminance.>12Ix

i

cf

eo

i

i

j

ryIxof

the

eye

of

the·4o0ctnaotrcteehrtdnsitmo0p5ptoaragonlitmnoocPerL:v0ri5dB

i

ted

at

50m

on

the

right

side

on

the

level

of

the·lxa2loc1tnPouR:r0g525L/R:the

measurement

of

these

points

gives

an

indication

on·

thewidth

ofthebeam:illuminationofthe

side

oftheroad.>2IxPhysicalsignificanceoftheprincipalpointsHC:In

LB,it

is

a

point

of

dazzling(E≤0.7

Lx)located

in

the

axisof

the

lamp.<0.7lx·

HR:In

HB,Point

in

front

of

the

driver

-it

must

be

higher

than80%of

the

HB

maximum.Indeed

the

human

glance

goesnaturally

towards

the

most

luminous

point.>0.8EmaxAimingFora

mixed

headlamp,the

high

beamwill

beaimedas

itfollowsthelow

beamaimingPhotometricrequirements:2L

1L

v

1R

2RCLASS

ACLASS

BV(%)H(%)MinMAXMinMAXEMAX32

LX16*75R

240Lx48

LX16*75R240LxHR0%0%0,8*EMAX16*75R

240Lx0,8*EMAX16*75R

240Lx1R0%4,5%16

LX16*75R240Lx24

LX16*75R

240Lx1L0%-4,5%16

LX16*75R

240Lx24

LX16*75R

240Lx2R0%9%4

Lx16*75R

240Lx6

LX16*75R

240Lx2L0%-9%4

Lx16*75R

240Lx6

Lx16*75R240LxIfthehighbeamaloneshouldbe

aimed,the

maximum

high

beamilluminance

should

beplacedatthe

HV

point.lfthe

high

beam

iscomposed

by

manysources,allofthem

mustbeturnedonsimultaneouslyforthedeterminationofthehighbeam

maximum

illumination

point..R112-High

beamH(%)V(%)H(EminEMAX25L3-26,8%-3%-15°-1,722Lx25R226,8%-3%15°-1,722Lx15L-36.4%-5%-20-2,86°1LX15R36,4%-5%20°-2,86°1LXP1-14%7%-8°4°0,1LxP20%7%0°4°0,1LxP314%7%8°4°0,1LxP4-7%3,5%-4°2°0,2LxH(%)V(%)H(V(9EminEMAXP50%3,5%0⁶2°0,2LxP67%3,5%4⁶2⁶0,2LxP70%-14%0°-8°0,1LxP80%-7%0°-4°0,2LxA-BSegmenl

1-9%à9%-1,5%-5,1°à5.10-0,86°6LxCDScgment

z5,6%à15.8%1,8%3,2°à9°1°6LxE-FSegmenl

3-16,7%à

15%-7.5%-9,5°à8,5°-4,3°20LxEMAXREMAXLH>0%H<0%V>3%H>0H<0°V>0,71°70Lx50LxH(%)V(%)H(可V(可EminEMAXHV0%0%0°0°1LXB50L-6%1%-3,420,57°0,5

Lx75R2%-1%1,14°-0,57°20Lx50L-6%1,5%-3,42°0,86°20Lx25L1-6%3%-3,42-1,7230Lx50V0%-1,5%0°-0,86°12Lx50R3%-1,5%1,72°0,86°20Lx25L215,8%-3%-9°-1,724X25R115,8%-3%9°-1,724LxHee)25R2hshH%25L315LV(4)P2P5HVsov

50ReoL

20

ix·R98

-HID

Low

BeamInside

this

zpne

E<1

LuxB50L50425L1P3H2DP6Bv(4)25R125L2Aiming:For

a

mixed

headlamp,the

high

beam

will

be

aimed

as

it

follows

the

low

beam

aiminglf

the

high

beam

alone

should

be

aimed,the

maximum

high

beam

illuminance

should

be

placed

at

the

HVMany

differences

may

compose

the

high

beam,provided

that

they

are

mentioned

in

the

R37and/or

R99In

that

case,all

the

sources

should

be

turned

on

when

determining

the

high

beam

maximum

illuminanceL

1L

中

1R

2RV(%)H(%)MinMAXEMAX70Lx180LXHR0%0%0,8*EMAX180LX1R0%4,5%40

Lx180LX1L0%-4,5%40

Lx180LX2R0%9%10

Lx180CX2L0%-9%10

Lx180LX·R98

-HID

High

Beampointregulations.point

(HR)PhotometricrequirementsV(%)H(%)V(H(EminEmaxP10%50%0⁴26,5°1LxP26%50%3,4426,50,5LxP33%-9%5.151LXP40%-9%O°5,150,15Lx1LxP50%0%)0°0,15Lx1LxP63%0%20°1LxP76%0%3,440°0,5LxP86%50%3,442650,5LxP90%50%O°26.5-1LxP100%9%0°0,15Lx1LxP13%9%151LxP12-3%-40%221.80,5LxP136%-40%3.44°)7

.80,5LxP14-6%-18%3,4410.2P15-3%-18%7210.51,5LxP16-3%0%720°1,5LxP17-6%0%3,44”0°1,5LxP18-6%18%3,4410,215LXP193%18%.7210,21,5LxP20-3%40%1.7221,80,5LxP21-6%40%3,44°21,80,5LxForeveryvertical

lineofzones

Eet

Dat

leastone

pointshouldpresentan

illuminancevalueabove

Emin.v1%)Measurement

conditions:Measurementmustbe

performedwith

astandard

bulb.Input

tension

should

be

tuned

in

order

toH

(%)P12P13

P114

Regulationbyzones(official)

ZoneA:0,15<E<1

LXZone

B:

E<1LXZone

C:

E<0,5

LXZone

ZoneD:Emin

=1,5LXE:Emin

=0,5LX(nonRegulationby

pointsassure

that

the

output

nominal

fluxcorresponds

to

the

one

specified

to

the

bulb·

R19-Front

Fog

lamp50%PgP26P2TP1P19P1P18vio)official)(cf.R37)H(o)ho%P8P7EuropeUSJapanTAILH+/-20°H+/-20°H+/-20°STOPH

+/-20°H+/-20°H+/-20°TURNH+/-20°H+/-20°H+/-20°FOGH+/-10°H+/-10°H+/-10°REVERSFH+/-45°H+/-45°H+/-45°HMSLH+/-10°H+/-10°H+/-10°The

photometric

grid

for

signaling

配光分布EuropeUSJapanTAILRedRedRedSTOPRedRedRedTURNAmberAmber/Red

AmberFOGRedRedRedREVERSEWhiteWhiteWhiteHMSLRedRedRedThecolorforsignaling80°ext20°10°5°0°O10°20°45°int.15°

haut0.050.050.0510°0.80.85°0.40.82.80.80.40°0.051.43.643.61.40.055°0.40.82.80.80.4100.80.815°

bas0.050.050.05Feusimple

/SinglelampEnsembledeplusieursfeux/AssemblyofseverallampsFeu

marqué<D>(aile

+coffre)/Lamps

marked《D》(fender

+outer)PhotometryTail

Lamp→

l

maxi≤12cd

→lmaxi

≤

17cd

>

lmaxi≤8,5

cd45°ext.20°1005°0°5°10°2045°int.15°

haut0.30.30.31012125°612421260°0.321546054210.35°6124212610°121215°—

bas0.30.30.3Feu

simple/Single

lamp

→

l

maxi≤

185cdEnsembledeplusieursfeux/Assemblyofseverallamps→

I

maxi

≤

260cdFeu

marqué<D》(1

aile+1

coffre)/Lamps

marked《D》(fender+outer)

→

Imaxi

≤130

cdPhotometryStop

Lamp10°ext.5°0°5°10°

int5°haut15075750°15015015075755°bas150Photometry

mFog

Lamp

I

maxi

≤

300cd45°

ext.30°10°0°10°30°45°

int.10haut1015105152550805025155°

bas15255080502515Horizontaletplus

haut/Horizontaland

upperEntre

0

et-5°

/Between0

and-5En

dessous

de

5°

/Behind

5°→

I

maxi≤300cd>lmaxi≤

600cd

→

I

maxi

≤8000

cdPhotometryReverse80°ext.20°105°0°5°10°20°45°int.15°

haut0.30.30.31010105°510351050°0.317.545504517.50.35°5103510510°101015°

bas0.30.30.3PhotometrymTurnl

maxi≤

350cdindicator

GB7258Amendment

1

·关于GB

7258-2004《机动车运行安全技术条件》国家标准第

1号修改通知单，经国家标准化管理委员会批准已正式发布，于2006年11月1日起实施。·

修改内容如下：·

一、删除第8.4.3条(前照灯的远、近光灯上下并列设置时，

近光灯应位于上侧，其它情况下近光灯应位于外侧)的内容。·

二、第8.4.7.3条中的“在检验前照灯远光光束及远光单

光束灯照射位置时”改为：“在检验前照灯远光照射位置

时，对于能单独调整远光光束的前照灯”。●

本标准代替GB4599-94《汽车前照灯配光性能》,与前者相比主要变化如下：●

—

—

增加了HS1、HB3、HB4、H7、H8、H9、H11、HIR1

和HIR2类型灯泡；●

半封闭式前照灯应使用符合GB

15766.1或ECE

R37规定的灯丝灯泡

·——对于半封闭式前照灯，

近光暗区增加了八个测试点；·——增加弯道照明的内容●

——

增加了反射镜可调节的半封闭式前照灯配光性能试验方法；·——增加了附录A“前照灯的配光性能稳定性试验”;·——增加了附录B“

塑料配光镜前照灯的要求—配光镜或材料试样和整灯试验”;●

——增加了附录C“试验程序”;●

——增加了附录D“漫射光和透射光的测量方法”;●

——增加了附录E“机械磨损试验方法”;●

——增加了附录F“粘胶带附着力试验”;GB4599

UpdateLighting

FunctionLightingtechnologies---ParabolaTHE

PARABOLIC

REFLECTORLightingtechnologies---Parabola<Light

shield》bulb+parabolicreflector+glasswithflutesThe

cutoff

is

provided

bythelight

shieldThehorizontalspread

ismadebytheglass

flutesHeavyandcomplex

glasses!Energyloss!Lightingtechnologies---SCTHE

COMPLEX

SHAPE

REFLECTORLightingtechnologies---SCLightingtechnologies---EllipticalsuenCe

Cont∈keECPQCECutoffmadebythe

shieldHACTER

7OmmECXP

CERENDEMENTRENTEMENT-amer90mmTOmmF2THE

DEFECTSTWISTINGONCOMPLEXSURFACE

扭曲ASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORDEFECTTHE

DEFECTS

REFERENCE

RIB

HEIGHTDEFECTASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORTHE

DEFECTSLATCHING

POSITIONDEFECTASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORTHE

DEFECTSBULBTOPPLINGASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORDEFECTTHE

DEFECTSSHRINK

MARK

收缩痕ASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORDEFECTTHE

DEFECTSBLISTER

气泡ASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORDEFECTSignaling

FunctionsSignalingtechnologies---FisheyesaspectSignalingtechnologies---FisheyesaspectSignalingtechnologies---DepthaspectSignalingtechnologies---DepthaspectSignalingtechnologies---Clearlens

aspectSignalingtechnologies---Clearlens

aspectSignalingtechnologies---DioptricaspectSignalingtechnologies---DioptricaspectLightsourcesThedifferent

lightsourcesHigh

In

yuischargeor“Xenon”lbD)iHIDens(tBulbTungsten

FilamentDifferent

lightsources:LEDThedifferent

lightsources---

Halogen·

HalogencycleTYPESSocketFlux(Lm)TYPESSocketFlux(Lm)P21WBA15s460PY21WBAU15S280P21/5WBA15d440/35R5WBA15s50R10WBA15s125C5WNavette45W5WW2,5

x9,5d50WY5WW2,5

x

9,5d30W16WW2,1

x9,5d310W2,3WW2

x

4,6

d18,6P27WW2,5

x16d475P27/7WW2,5

x16q475/36PY27WWX2,5

x16g280/21W21WW3

x

16d460WY21WW3

x

16d280W21/5WW3

x

16q460/35WP21WW2,5

x

16d460WPY21WWZ2,5

x

16d280RY10WBAU

15s75P19W350P24W500PB21W110PR21/5W105/8RR10W30RB5W12Bulbsforsignal

lamps

in

ECE

R37TYPESSocketTFLUX(LmTYPESSocketFLUX(Lm)H1P14.5

S1150H4P43

t1250/750HB3P20

d1300HB4P22

d825H7PX26

d1100H8PGJ19-1600H9PGJ19-51500H10PY20d600H11PGJ19-21000H12PZ20d775H13PJ264t800/1200H14P38t-33860/1300Bulbsforheadlamps

in

ECE

R37Thedifferent

lightsources---

HID·High

Intensity

DischargeCyclePhasa

dYoxetaEvaporation

rapidedessels

metalliques50Phase

d

allumsgeAAllumage

o

l

uc

oud'3Chauffageevaporation

desselss20KVenentretensiarcRégimestabiliselumierediffuseP=35

Wflux

lumineux=3200

luxFlux

variation100

Stabilisati

ce

de

farcssanillseuibpanston

eEtatswitching

on

phasesélectrodesHorsTensionThe

differentXenonselsmétalliques4

mm0Tempsapres

Fallumage(s)allumageafroidet

a

chaud1

max=

2.6

AFlux

lumineux(%)C23D1/D2

SD1/D2

RH7D3/D4

SD3/D4

RFlux(Lm

at

13,2V)320028001500e(mm)27.127.125+-0,1Bending0.5

+/-0.40.5

+/-0.25Diffusion1.1

+/-0.41.1

+/-0.25Length

frombulb

support(mm)525244Electric

power(Wà13,2v)353558R99OuiOuiOuiNonNonB3/Tc@14v1500/30001500/3000150/260Thedifferent

lightsources---HID

·ComparativechartThedifferent

lightsources---HID·High

Intensity

DischargeLUMILEDsFluxRed

colorOSRAMSuper

Flux<5

lmPower

TopLEDsSnapleds5-15Advanced

Power

TopLEDsLuxeon>15

lmDragon

LEDs1-Whatare

Light

Emitting

Diode-RemindMain

automotive

LEDsFluxOSRAMChip

on

Board(Sanyo)lm<2Multi

LEDsSide

LEDsSmart

LEDs1-Whatare

Light

Emitting

Diode-RemindSecondaryautomotive

LEDsLightTechnologyLIGHTING

SYSTEMSLightingP2projectsVerticalComplexShape@Compact

productXenon

RangeAFS·

Characteristics-Compatible

EUR/USA/JAPAN—Movementoftheshield—Elliptic

Reflector-Safety

Position

byactuatorspring

return·In

production

todayBI-XENON

PROJECTOR

Reflector

Moving

Type

HighPhotometricPerformanceShade

Moving

TypeLow-Cost&Small

SizeUnitBI-XENON

REFLECTOR·

Targets:一

Increase

lightonthe

curves

when·

u

i

alidation

:一

July

2002·Regulations:-

forecasted

2005,full

AFSvngofrnEndt·Characteristics一

ryo

l

aptable

for一

Rotation

(up

to

20°)driven

by

steer