译林版英语必修三新素养讲义Unit2LanguageSectionⅡWeletotheunitReading-LanguagePoints

SectionⅡWeletotheunit&Reading—LanguagePointsoccupyvt.占领；占用(时间、空间等);忙着，使忙于(教材P22)ThentwoGermanicgroupsfromtheEuropeanmainland—theAnglesandtheSaxons—occupiedBritain.然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)occupysb./oneselfwithsth.＝occupysb./oneselfindoingsth.使某人忙于做某事(2)occupiedadj.在使用中的；忙于……的beoccupiedwith/indoingsth.忙于做某事(3)occupationn.工作；职业；使用；占用；占领①Hewouldhaveattendedyourbirthdaypartybutheoccupiedhimselfwithaveryimportantexperiment.他本来想参加你的生日晚会，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。②Readingoccupies(occupy)mostofmyfreetime.阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。③Sheisfullyoccupiedwithherthreechildren.＝Sheisfullyoccupied_inlookingafterherthreechildren.＝Sheoccupies_herself_in_lookingafterherthreechildren.她忙于照料她的三个孩子。④Ican’tmeetyouonSunday.I’llbeotherwiseoccupied(occupy)．星期天我不能见你。我将忙于其他事情。contributionn．贡献；捐款；投稿(经典例句)Hemadeaverypositivecontributiontothesuccessoftheproject.他对项目的成功贡献良多。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)makecontributions/acontributionto 对……作出贡献(2)contributevi.&vt. 贡献；捐献；投稿contributeto(doing)sth. 有助于；促成contribute...to... 向……捐献……；向…… 投稿①Theinventionofpaperwasagreatcontributiontohumancivilization.纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。②Tomakeourcountrystronger,everyoneshouldmakehis/hercontributions(contribute)．为了让我们的国家更加强大，每个人都必须作出贡献。③(牛津词典)Thewriterpersonallycontributed￡5，000totheearthquakefund.那位作家亲自捐赠了5000英镑给地震基金。④Iamsureyoursuggestionwillcontributetosolving(solve)theproblem.我确信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。[巧学活用]——用contribute的适当形式或短语完成小片段Manypeoplecontributed_money_tothepoorboy,whichcontributed_tohisreturningtoschool.Awriterwrotethisstoryandcontributedittoamagazine.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了校园。一个作家把这个故事写了下来，并给一家杂志投稿。defeatvt.击败；战胜；使落空n．击败，战胜；失败(教材P22)ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench­speakingpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败了英格兰并控制了这个国家。①Damagedbutnotdefeated，hewasstillaheadofme.虽然受了伤，但是没有被打垮，他仍然是超越我的。②Asisexpected,ourbaseballteamhassufferedanotherdefeat.正如所预料的一样，我们的棒球队再次失败了。beat可接sb.或team/class/school等作宾语，多指在比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手defeat用法与beat相似，但defeat还可指在战争中“击败”敌军win后接sth.作宾语，如：game/war/prize/love/respect等[巧学活用]——用上述词汇的适当形式填空(1)Theydefeatedtheinvadersbutlostmanymen.(2)Hesoonwonareputationforhimself.(3)Idon’tdoubtthatwe’llbeat/defeatClass2inthismatch.replacevt.替换，代替，取代；更换；把……放回原处(教材P22)However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons’victoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)replace＝taketheplaceof...代替，取代replace...with/by... (用……)替换；(以……)接替(2)replaceableadj. 可替换的；可代替的replacementn. 替换，替代品，接替者(3)inplaceof 代替；取代①Youhavetoreplacethebooksontheshelvesbeforeyouleave.你离开之前必须把书放回书架上。②Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings，andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.我们必须看好自己的财物，如果它丢失了，就是无法取代的。③Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwith/byamodernhotelornot.老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。[巧学活用]——一句多译找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。(1)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamanin_place_of_the_present_manager．(2)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamanto_replace_the_present_manager．(3)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamantotake_the_place_of_the_present_manager．raisevt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及(教材P23)Therefore,thewordsweuseformostanimalsraisedforfood,suchascow,sheepandpig,camefromOldEnglish.因此，我们使用的作为食物类饲养的大部分动物的单词，例如：cow(母牛)，sheep(绵羊)和pig(猪)等，来自古英语。eq\a\vs4\al()raisemoney 筹钱raisequestions 提问题raisedoubts 引起怀疑①RaisedinthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobeingafootballstar.在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地方长大(被养大),他成为一个足球明星的道路漫长而又艰辛。②Lastweekourschoolhadabigfairinordertoraise_moneyforacharity.上周我们举行了大型义卖会，为一个慈善机构筹款。③Wemustraisethelivingstandardofpeople.我们必须提高人们的生活水平。④AtthattimeIthoughtIcouldneverraisemyheadagain.那时我想我可能再也抬不起头了。OnMondaymorning,wewerewatchingthechildrenraisingthenationalflag,andwesawitrisingslowlyinthewind.星期一早上，我们在观看孩子们升国旗，我们看到国旗在风中徐徐升起。raise是及物动词，后面要带宾语，还可表抽象意义，如提高政治觉悟、生活水平、地位等rise为不及物动词，说明主语自身移向较高的位置，通常指日、月、星辰的升起arise产生，发生，出现[巧学活用]——用上述词汇的适当形式填空(1)Weenjoyedthesightonthetopofthehill,withthesunrisingintheeast.(2)I’veneverheardhimevenheraisedhisvoice.(3)Lastyear,theadvertisingrateroseby20%.(4)Wekeeptheminformedofanychangesastheyarise．bemadeupof由……组成(构成)(教材P22)TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.英语是由进入不列颠的这些人所说语言的语法和词汇构成的。eq\a\vs4\al()bemadeof 由……制成(看得出原材料)bemadefrom 由……制成(看不出原材料)bemadein 在……(地方)制造bemadeinto 制成……bemadeupof 由……组成①TheAmericanCongressismadeupoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.美国国会由众议院和参议院组成。②TrulyelegantchopsticksmightbemadeofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。③Wineismadefromgrapesandgrapescanbemadeintowine.葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的，葡萄可制成葡萄酒。makeup还有“编造；凑数；弥补；化妆；准备(床铺等)”含义。Ourclassismadeupoffortystudents.Somegirlsinourclasslikemakingupsomuchthattheyareoftenlateforclasses.Whenourteachersaskthereason,theyusuallymakeupanexcuseforit.我们班由40名学生组成，其中，一些女生很喜欢化妆以至于经常上课迟到。当老师们问到原因时，她们常编造借口应对。consistof由……组成(教材P22)OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.古英语是由他们语言的混合体组成的。eq\a\vs4\al()consistinsth. 在于……consistof(＝bemadeupof) 由……组成consistwith 与……一致①Lifeconsistsof/ismadeupofnotonlysunshinebutalsohardtimes.生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。②Thebeautyofthepictureconsistsinitsbalanceofcolors.这幅画的美在于其色彩的调和。③Thereportdoesnotconsistwiththefact.这篇报道与事实不符合。Lifemainlyconsistsofhappinessandsorrowwhilehappinessandsorrowconsistinstruggle,whichconsistswithreality.生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。这与现实相一致。由consist组成的几个短语虽然都具有及物性，但是不能用于被动语态和进行时态。[巧学活用]——一句多译由15家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。(1)Thepanythat/which_consists_of15smallfactoriesisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.(定语从句)(2)Thepanythat/which_is_made_up_of15smallfactoriesisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.(定语从句)(3)Thepanyconsisting_of15smallfactoriesisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.(现在分词作定语)(4)Thepanymade_up_of15smallfactoriesisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.(过去分词作定语)nameafter以……命名(教材P22)BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaftertheAngles...英语和英国人都是按照盎格鲁人来命名的……eq\a\vs4\al()name...as 提名为；任命为inthenameof 以……名义；作为……代表byname 凭名字；用……的名字bythenameof 名叫①Theycreatedanewstyleforarchitectureandinteriordesign,namedafterthefamousFrenchArt.他们创造了一种新的建筑和室内设计风格，以著名的法国艺术命名。②Hehasbeennamed_as_thenewchairman.他已被任命为新的董事长。③Apersonby_the_name_ofTomwantstoseeyou.一个叫汤姆的人想见你。asidefrom除……之外(教材P22)AsidefromplacenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartofOldEnglish.除了像伦敦这样的地名之外，很少有几个凯尔特语词汇成为古英语的一部分。eq\a\vs4\al()exceptfor 除……之外；要不是inadditionto＝besides＝aswellas 此外，加之except＝but 除……之外①Asidefromlearningaboutunconditionallove,theyalsolearnresponsibilityandrespect.除了从习无条件的爱，他们还能够学习责任感和尊重他人。②Everythingisquiet,asidefromtheoccasionalsoundofacarinthedistance.除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外，四周一片寂静。③Aside_fromhisschoolwork,hetakesinterestinanything.除了作业之外，他对任何事都感兴趣。besides表示被除外的部分包括在内，相当于with和plusexcept表示被除外的部分不包括在内，相当于without和minusexceptfor表示被除外的部分是不同类事物asidefrom与apartfrom相同，相当于except,exceptfor以及besides[巧学活用]——用上述词汇的适当形式填空(1)Theroadswereemptyexcept_forafewcars.(2)WilltherebeanyoneelseweknowatthepartybesidesWillandJanet?(3)Youcanhaveanyofthecakesexceptthisone.(4)Ihavefinishedallaside_fromthelastquestion.takecontrolof控制……(教材P22)ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench­speakingpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败了英格兰并控制了这个国家。eq\a\vs4\al()gaincontrolof 取得对……的控制losecontrolof 失去对……的控制inthecontrolof 在……的控制之中undercontrol 在控制之中outofcontrol 失控(状态)beyondcontrol 超出控制①Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.你学得越多，尝试得越多，你就有更多的能力控制你的食物和时间。②Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofwhicharebeyondourcontrol.植物的生长速度受到很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。③Hisdogistoowild,soitishardtokeepitundercontrol.他的狗太野了，所以很难去控制它。④Hewassodrunkthathelostcontrolofhiscar.他喝醉了，开不了车了。[巧学活用]——单句改错(1)Afterthefatherdied，hispanywasincontrolofhisson.control前加the(2)Youmaylosecontroleverything,butyoucertainlycontrolyourownfeelings.everything前加ofeq\a\vs4\al(,,,,,leadto导致)(教材P22)However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons’victoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。eq\a\vs4\al()leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事lead/livea．..life过……样的生活o...把……领进……leadtheway引路；带路①Astheoldsayinggoes,“AllroadsleadtoRome.”常言道，条条大路通罗马。②Therearemanypoorpeoplewholeadabitterlife.有很多穷人过着贫困潦倒的生活。③Whatledyouto_believe(believe)hewasright?什么使你相信他是正确的？leadto中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或v.­ing形式。[巧学活用]——完成句子众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。Asweallknow,successliesinhardworkwhilelazinessleads_to_failure．(教材P22)ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.这就是为什么英语有这么多很难的困惑人们的规则的原因。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)本句是一个复合句。why引导的从句为表语从句，在表语从句中含有一个that引导的定语从句。This/Thatiswhy...这/那就是……的原因。(2)That’swhy.../Thatisthereasonwhy.../Thatisbecause...的区别：①Thatiswhy...与Thatisthereasonwhy...在意义上相同，但在结构上不同，前者中的why引导表语从句，后者中的why引导定语从句。②在Thatisbecause...中，because引导的表语从句表示原因。①Tomwasverylazy.Thatwaswhyheneverachievedanythinginhislife.汤姆很懒，那就是他一生碌碌无为的原因。②Hedidnotgotothepartylastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他没有去参加聚会，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。③Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。[巧学活用]——一句多译她迟到是因为她没有赶上公共汽车。(1)Shewaslate.That_was_becauseshedidn’tcatchthebus.(2)Shedidn’tcatchthebus.That_was_whyshewaslate.(3)Thereasonwhy_she_was_late_was_thatshedidn’tcatchthebus.(教材P23)Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguagedidborrowmanywordsfromFrench.另一方面，英语也确实借用了许多法语单词。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)句中did是强调词，其后接动词原形，表示对一般过去时的强调，意为“的确”。(2)do/does＋动词原形，表示对一般现在时的强调。①Ididnoticethatyouwereverytired.我的确注意到你很疲劳。②Ido_hopeyouwillconsidermysuggestion.真心希望你能考虑我的建议。③Listeningtosomesoftmusicdoesrelaxyourmood.听一听轻音乐的确能使你心情放松。(教材P23)AftertheNormanConquest,high­classpeoplespokeFrenchwhilemonpeoplespokeEnglish.诺曼征服之后，上层阶级的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。eq\a\vs4\al()句中的while作并列连词，意为“但是，然而”，表示一种对比关系。(1)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。(2)while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，一般放在句首，相当于although。①Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.她告诉我一些孩子和一位老太太住在一个收容所，而其他的人睡在街上。②While_the_students_came_from_different_countries,_theygotalongquitewellinthesummercamp.虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。③Thetelephonerangwhile_I_was_walkinginthegarden.我在花园里散步时铃响了。作“然而”解时，while不能放在句子前面。while和but有所不同，while用于对比，but表示转折；当前后两个分句同一个主语时应用but,不用while表示转折。[学生用书P37]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填词1．Ourarmywonthebattleand____________(占领)theupland.答案：occupied2．Thecitywasa____________(混合体)ofoldandnewbuildings.答案：mixture3．Ihappentohavethe____________(官方的)statisticswithme.答案：official4．Thecarisinthe____________(过程)ofrepair.答案：process5．Thisdamsuppliesthe____________(整个的)citywithwater.答案：entire6．Howmanyplayersdoesabaseballteam____________(组成)of?答案：consist7．Manynamelessheroesmade____________(贡献)toournation.答案：contributions8．Nothingcan____________(代替)amother’slove.答案：replace9．Itwasasoundstrategyto____________(击败)theenemy.答案：defeat10．Thereisasmall____________(区别)betweenthetwowords.答案：distinctioneq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．Fullyoccupyingincaringforherdaughterathome,shenolongerhastimetoenjoythevariousactivitiesintheclub.____________________答案：occupying→occupied2．Freshairandexercisecontributegoodhealth.____________________答案：contribute后加to3．Apartforhisnose,he’squitegood­looking.____________________答案：for→from4．Howdidthatlifegetoutofthecontrolinthefirstplace?____________________答案：去掉第一个the5．Itwasyourencouragementthatledmegreatprogress.____________________答案：me后加toeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完成句子1．There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery________________(而另一个人),alsointelligent,fails.答案：whileanotherman2．She________________________________________(一整天都忙于家务活),soshewastiredout.＝__________________________(一整天都忙于家务活),shewastiredout.(过去分词作状语)＝__________________________________________(一整天都忙于家务活),shewastiredout.(现在分词作状语)答案：wasoccupiedindoinghouseworkallday；Occupiedindoinghouseworkallday；Occupyingherselfindoinghouseworkallday3．________________________(尽管因特网缩短了)thedistancebetweenpeople,itmayalsobebreakingsomehomeorwillcauseotherfamilyproblems.答案：WhiletheInternetisshortening4．Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.____________________________(那就是我全身湿透的原因)．答案：That’swhyIgotwetthrough5．Ourgovernment__________________________________(的确需要采取一些措施)toreducethehousingprice.答案：doesneedtotakesomemeasureseq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)课文语法填空Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury,peopleinBritainallspokealanguagewhich1.____________(call)Celtic.Attheendofthe9thcentury,theVikingsbegantomovetoBritainandbroughttheirlanguages.Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglish2.____________(bee)theofficiallanguageofEngland.In1066theNormansdefeatedEnglandandtookcontrol3.____________the，theNormanConquestdidn’taffectEnglishas5.____________(more)astheAnglesandtheSaxons’victory,6.____________ledtoOldEnglish7.____________(replace)Celtic.OldFrenchmade8.____________(contribute)toMiddleEnglishaswell.ModernEnglishappearedduringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcentury.ButthiswasnottheendofthechangesintheEnglishlanguage.Itiscertain9.____________Englishwillkeepon10.____________(change)inthefuture.答案：1.wascalled2.hadbee3.of4.However5．much6.which7.replacing8.contributions9.that10．changingA卷[学生用书P101(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．He____________(do)ebutsoonwentback.答案：did2．There’splentyofraininthesoutheast,____________there’slittleinthenortheast.答案：while3．Thatis____________Iamnotinfavouroftheplan.答案：why4．Suchamistakewouldperhapslead____________disastrousconsequences.答案：to5．Thisislandwasnamed____________itsdiscoverer.答案：after6．Taxesconsist____________themoneywhichpeoplepaytosupporttheirgovernment.答案：of7．____________(occupy)herselfwithpreparingforthefinalexams,shehasnotimetopursueherhobbies.答案：Occupying8．Chaplinhasmadeagreat____________(contribute)tofilmdom.答案：contribution9．Theship’snamehasbeenpaintedoutandreplaced____________anewone.答案：with10．Aside____________theJoneses,Idonotknowanybodyinthisvillage.答案：fromeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Peopleallneedfriendsbecausenobodywantstobelonelyandafriendcanhelpyouingoodandbadtimes.You’vemadefriendssincechildhood，butyoustilldon’tknowwhoyourtruefriendsare.Herearesomesignstotellyouifyourfriendisatruefriend.AlwayshonestHonestyisimportanttokeeparelationshipalive.Atruefriendalwaystellsyouthetruth.Itmaybehardsometimesbutlyingcandestroyafriendship.Itisimportantthatyourfriendspeakshonestlyandnevermakesupstories.________Therearealwaysperiodsinyourlifewhenyouhaveproblemsordifficulties.Atruefriendwillalwayshavetimetolistentoyourproblemsandgiveyouadvice.Itmaynotbeabletoofferasolutiontoyourproblemsbutthefactthatyourfriendmakestimetolistenisasignhe/shecaresforyou.Yourfriendisnotatruefriendifhe/shecannevermaketimeforyouwhenyouareintrouble.Youalsoneedtobereasonableandacceptthatyourfriendalsohasotherthingstodosohe/shecan’talwayslistenimmediatelytoyourproblems.Alwaysrespectful(尊敬的)Atruefriendwillalwaysrespectyouropinionnomatterwhetherhe/sheagreesornot.Yourtruefriendmaydisagreebutneverinsiststhathe/sheiscorrect.AlwaysunderstandingItispossiblethatsomeproblemswillarisebetweenyouandyourfriend.Atruefriendwillalwaysbeforgiving(体谅的)andunderstanding，evenifitisn’this/herfault.Wearealldifferentpeopleandweallmakemistakes.Atruefriendisalwaysforgivingandunderstandingbecausehe/shedoesn’twanttotaketheriskoflosinghis/herbestfriend.【解题导语】什么样的朋友才是真正的朋友呢？本文给出了答案。1．What’sthebesttitleforthethirdparagraph?A．AlwaysthereforyouB．KeepyoursecretsC．AlwayshappyforyouD．RememberyourimportantdaysA解析：标题归纳题。本段主要讲真正的朋友在你遇到困难的时候会在你身边。2．Accordingtothepassage，atruefriendwillalways________．A．followyouradviceB．offerasolutiontoyourproblemsC．listenimmediatelytoyourproblemsD．respectyouropinionevenifhe/shedisagreeswithitD解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句“Atruefriendwillalwaysrespectyouropinionnomatterwhetherhe/sheagreesornot.”可知真正的朋友会尊重你的观点，不管他(或她)是否同意，故选D。3．Atruefriendwillalwaysforgiveandunderstandyoubecause________．A．he/shewantstohelpyouB．he/shedoesn’twanttoloseyouC．he/shewantsyoutofeelconfidentD．he/shedoesn’tcareaboutyourmistakesB解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Atruefriendisalwaysforgivingandunderstandingbecausehe/shedoesn’twanttotaketheriskoflosinghis/herbestfriend.”可知答案。4．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Toteachushowtomaketruefriends.B．Tofindouthowlongafriendshipcanlast.C．Tointroducehisexperienceinmakingfriends.D．Totellushowtofindoutifafriendisatruefriend.D解析：写作意图题。本文意在告诉我们如何判断一个朋友是不是真正的朋友。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Facialexpressionscarrymeaningsthatdependonsituationsandrelationships.Forinstance,inAmericanculturethesmileistypicallyanexpressionof__1__．Yetithasotherfunctions.Asmilemay__2__love,politeness,or__3__everytruefeeling.Itisalsoasourceofconfusionacross__4__．Forexample,manypeopleinRussia__5__smilingatstrangersinpublicjusttobeunsureorevensuspicious(疑心)．YetmanyAmericans__6__freelyatstrangersinpublicplaces.SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrong__7__；someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon’tsmile__8__．InSoutheastAsiancultures,asmileis__9__usedtocoveremotionalormentaldifficulty,disfortoranxiety.Our__10__makeouremotionsandattitudeknown,butwe__11__nottryto“read”peoplefromanotherculture__12__wecould“read”someonefromourownculture.The__13__offacialexpressivenessoneshowschangesamongpersonsandcultures.The__14__thatmembersofoneculturedonot__15__theiremotionsasopenlyasmembersof__16__dodoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rathertheircultures__17__themexpressingtheiremotionsandattitudesfreely.Ifwe__18__peoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionsarenotthesameaccordingtoourowncultural__19__，wemaymakethemistakesof“reading”theotherpersons__20__．【解题导语】在不同的国家，某些面部表情，如微笑，可能表示不同的意义。1．A.satisfaction B．excitementC．surprise D．pleasureD解析：pleasure表示“愉快，快乐”，概括性最强，指满意、兴奋等多种欢乐的感觉。2．A.sound B．showC．tell D．seemB解析：微笑除了表示快乐之外，它还可用来“表明”你的爱、礼貌等。show在此表示“表明”，最后一段有提示。3．A.include B．explainC．cover D．suggestC解析：此处意为“或者包括每一种真实感受”。cover表示“包括，涵盖”。4．A.cultures B．oceansC．nations D．countriesA解析：后文提到美国人、俄罗斯人，又提到东南亚的cultures。下文也多次提到culture,故选A。5．A.enjoy B．keepC．consider D．continueB解析：俄罗斯人往往在公共场所面带微笑，仅仅是对陌生人没把握或有疑心。keepdoingsth.一直做某事。6．A.stare B．smileC．look D．aboutB解析：同样是对陌生人，但与俄罗斯人不同，美国人的态度是很随和地“微笑”。本段也多次提到smile一词。7．A.time B．placeC．way D．mannerB解析：俄罗斯人认为美国人不是笑的方式不对，时间不对(atthewrongtime),而是场合(place)不对。8．A.enough B．exactlyC．openly D．wellA解析：美国人认为俄罗斯人微笑太少，不是笑得好与不好，enough足够，充分。9．Apletely B．neverC．frequently D．alwaysC解析：此处意为“人们常常用微笑来掩饰情绪上或精神上的问题，不舒服或焦虑”。10．A.hands B．facesC．bodies D．eyesB解析：全文都在讲述facialexpressions,smile,故选B。11．A.need B．shouldC．could D．wouldB解析：本句承上启下，正因为上文提到笑所体现的文化差异，因此我们不应当用自己的文化去理解另一个文化背景的人。12．A.as B．sinceC．though D．unlessA解析：as引导状语从句，表示“像我们解读和我们有着共同文化渊源的人一样去理解不同文化背景的人”。13．A.point B．reasonC．balance D．degreeD解析：一个人面部表情变化的程度因人与文化的不同而不同。四个词中只有degree能与上下文搭配，表示面部表情变化的“程度”。14．A.fact B．newsC．demand D．orderA解析：that引导的同位语从句作fact的同位语。15．A.find B．formC．control D．expressD解析：express在文中已多次出现，从首句facialexpressions到本段落最后部分expressingtheiremotions...均表明D是正确选项。16．A.another B．theotherC．others D．theothersA解析：根据前文中“peoplefromanotherculture”可推知选A。17．A.keep B．feelC．make D．preventD解析：从上下文可知，此处是说“并非他们没有感情方面的经历，而是其文化背景使之不能自由表露情感”，prevent阻止。18．A.observe B．thinkC．watch D．judgeD解析：judge...by/accordingto...表示“根据……来判断”。19．A.way B．lifeC．manners D．patternsD解析：culturalpattern指“文化模式”。pattern表示“模式，方式”。20．A.incorrectly B．properlyC．directly D．correctlyA解析：由前文提到的“makethemistakesof...”可知是“不正确/不恰当地(incorrectly)”解读别人所致。B卷[学生用书P103(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解AWhilesomeprimaryschoolsnolongerhaverecess(课间休息),andpeoplelikeNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristieargue(争论)thatschooldaysshouldbeevenlonger,afewschoolsarealreadymovinginadifferentdirection.Somearetestingoutstandingdesks,andrealizingthatalittlebitofactivitycanactuallybegoodforstudents’attention.Others,likeWardElementaryinWinston­Salem,NorthCarolina,arestartingtofillclassroomswithexercisebikes,sostudentscanworkoutwhiletheylearn.TheReadandRideprogramatWardbeganfiveyearsago.Oneclassroomisequippedwithenoughexercisebikesforafullclassofstudents,andteachersbringstudentstherethroughoutthedaytousethem.Astheyride,theyread.Astheprimaryschoolstudiedtestingdata(数据)attheendoftheschoolyear,theyfoundthatstudentswhohadspentthemosttimeintheprogramachievedan83%proficiency(熟练度)inreading,whilethosewhospenttheleasttimeintheprogramhadfailingscores—only41%proficiency.“Ridingexercisebikesmakesreadingfunformanykidswhogetfrustrated(挫败的)whentheyread，”saysScottErtl,whostartedtheprogram.“Theyhaveawaytodealwiththatfrustrationtheyfeelwhiletheyride.”Usingthebikesalsogetsstudentstoexercisewhentheymightnototherwisewanttoingymclass.“Manystudentswhoareoverweightstrugglewithsportsandactivitiessincetheydon’twanttoalwaysbelastorlose，”Ertlexplains.“Onexercisebikes,studentscanexerciseatafortablepaceaccordingtotheirownlevel—withoutanyonenoticingwhentheyslowdownortakeabreak.”Overthelastfiveyears,theReadandRideprogramhasbeenintroducedto30otherschools.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国一所用自行车替代课桌，让学生在阅读的同时运动健身。1．WhichofthefollowingwouldChrisChristieagreewith?A．Studentsshouldhaveagoodrest.B．Studentsshoulddomoreexercise.C．Studentsshouldusestandingdesks.D．Studentsshouldspendmoretimestudying.D解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的ChrisChristieargue(争论)thatschooldaysshouldbeevenlonger可知，他认为学生在校学习时间应该延长，即花更多的时间学习。2．WhatdothenumbersinParagraph3show?A．Theprogramhelpsstudentslearnbetter.B．Studentsshowgreatinterestintheprogram.C．Theprogramismorepopularwithprimaryschools.D．Slowlearnersaremorewillingtotakepartintheprogram.A解析：推理判断题。第三段的数据是对“边读书边骑车”计划对学生阅读能力影响的分析——在该计划中花费时间最多的学生在阅读方面达到了83%的熟练度，而那些在该计划中花费时间最少的学生只有41%的熟练度。由此可知，该计划有利于帮助学生学得更好。3．AccordingtoScottErtl,what’soneadvantageoftheprogram?A．Itcanreplacethegymclass.B．Itmakesreadingmoreinteresting.C．Itteachesstudentshowtoloseweight.D．Itallowsstudentstogetclosetonature.B解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段ScottErtl介绍该计划的优势Ridingexercisebikesmakesreadingfunformanykidswhogetfrustrated(挫败的)whentheyread可知答案。4．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprogram?A．Moresportsactivitieswillbeaddedtoit.B．Ithasgotsupportfromthegovernment.C．Manypeoplehavedoubtsaboutit.D．Ithasprovedtobeasuccess.D解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的theReadandRideprogramhasbeenintroducedto30otherschools可知，该计划经证明是成功的。BForpeoplelivinginthedigital(数字的)age,ithasbeealmostrequiredtobeactiveonsocialmedia.Facebookhasbeenaroundformorethan10years.AndwiththelargeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingTwitter,InstagramandSnapchat,socialmediatakeupalargepartofoureverydaylives.Theyallowustomunicatewithourfamilyandfriendseasily.Theyalsoallowustojoinsomeorganizationsandmeetsomenewpeoplewewouldhaveneverhadthechancetoknowwithoutsocialmedia.However,socialmediacanalsobeannoyingsometimes.Forme,Ifinditupsettingtoalwaysbeawareofwherepeopleareandwhatthey’redoing.ThiswasmyproblemwithSnapchat,becauseitmakesyouwalkthroughotherpeople’slifeallthetime.BackwhenFacebookwasbeingpopular,peoplebeganpointingouthowitmaybeunhealthy,becauseitallowsyoutopareyourlifewiththelivespeoplechoosetomakepublic.ThisisespeciallyaproblemonsomeplatformslikeSnapchat.ItwasupsettingtogothroughstoriesonalazySaturdayeveningwhereyouseepeopleoutdoingthingswhileyou’rejustsittingathomewatchingNetflix.Thisisnottopaintsocialmediaassomedamagingforcethatisruininglives.Mostpeoplecanusesocialmediawithoutgettingannoyedorhurt.Ifyoufeellikeyoursocialmediauseishealthyanditmakesyouhappy,thenIencourageyoutocontinue.However,ifyouthinkitbringsouttheworstinyou,considertakingabreak.I’mnotmeaningneverusingTwitteragain,buttakingafewweeksormonthstostepawayandremoveitfromyourlife.IleftbothmyTwitterandSnapchataccountsactiveincaseIwishtomakethereturninthefuture.Fornow,I’menjoyingthefreedomthatgoeswithouthavingtocheckeverynotification(通知)andknowingeverythingabouteveryonetofocusonmyself.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。现在社交媒体在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用，但是也给我们的生活带来了一些消极的影响。5．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellusaboutsocialmedia?A．Theyareconsideredannoyingbymostusers.B．Theyhavebeepopularallovertheworld.C．Theyareconsideredamustbydifferentagegroups.D．Theyhaveplayedanimportantroleinourdailylife.D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的AndwiththelargeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingTwitter...chancetoknowwithoutsocialmedia.可推测，第一段表明社交媒体现在在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用。6．Whatwastheauthor’sproblemwithSnapchat?A．Shealwayshadtopayattentiontoothers’activities.B．Shedidn’thavemuchtosharewithothers.C．Shefounditdifficultforhertouseit.D．Shewastoobusytouseit.A解析：细节理解