高中英语概要写作02

U“U型三步法”在概要写作中的尝试1概要写作评分原则解读2“U型三步法”的设计思路3“U型三步法”的设计课例本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要去来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑...拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。1概要写作评分原则解读④评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：

1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

3.上下文的连贯性；

4.对各要点表达的独立性情况。解读之篇解读之篇档次描述第五档(21-25)—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。—完全使用自己的语言。整体阅读提炼归纳解读文本大Passage理解准确，涵盖全部要点。小Passage—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。—完全使用自己的语言。解读之篇UPW要点守恒扩词成句压缩文本提炼关键词WS增色添彩连句成篇SP2“U型三步法”的设计思路—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使结构紧凑。—完全使用自己的语言。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使结构紧凑。“U型三步法”之第一步PW整体阅读怎么找？直接提取法间接整合法直接间接混合法找什么？transitionalwordskeywords回视语篇词拼图还原语篇主要脉络

第一步PW之直接提取法[例1]（节选自2013年北京卷·阅读理解C篇）

Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplainabouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.第二步WS之同义替换[例1]（节选自2013年北京卷·阅读理解C篇）

Thetrackingproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.Peoplehavebeencrazyabout/obsessedwith

chasingcelebritiesforalongtime.Thecrazeforfollowingcelebritiesstartedlongago.trackingcelebritiesforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,inthe19thcentury,the1920sand1930s

第一步PW之间接整合法[例2]（节选自2014年四川卷·阅读理解E篇）

Generally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractionssuchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.

第二步WS之同义替换[例2]（节选自2014年四川卷·阅读理解E篇）Thehormoneoxytocinisreleasedinnegativeaswellaspositivesocialcontacts.

Generally,thehormoneoxytocinletoutpositiveButnegativesocialinteractions

第一步PW之直接间接混合法[例3]（节选自Module6Unit2Poems）

Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgiveastrongimpression.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.

[例3]（节选自Module6Unit2Poems）

reasonswritepoetry.SomedescribeOthersconveycertainemotions.第二步WS之同义替换Peoplecomposepoemsfordifferentpurposes,somedescriptivewhileothersemotional.Poemsstemfrompeople'sintentions

of

sharingstoriesorfeelings.Poetryspringsfrompeople'sdesirestodepictthings,ortoportrayemotions.“U型三步法”之第二步

WS句内连接（要点内部）（1）词连接（2）句型连接（3）语法结构连接要点守恒简单句：同义替换复合句：词的精确句的达意同义替换第二步WS之句内连接（要点内部）[例4]（节选自2013年北京卷·阅读理解C篇）

Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today’sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld’sattention.Paparazzicampoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloidspublishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature.AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal，celebrities－famouspeople－worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually，theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare，seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem，notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarrealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”第二步WS之句内连接:词连接

thecenterofattentioncelebritiesworrypublicappearacnelosetrack

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Sincecelebritiesarethefocusofmuchattentionandareoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,theystarttolosetheirownidentity.andthus;asaresult/consequence;consequently...第二步WS之句内连接:句型连接

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Asthefocusofmuchattention,notonlyarecelebritiesoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,buttheyalsostarttolosethemselves.Asthefocusofmuchattention,celebritiesaresoconcernedabouttheirpublicimagethattheyevenstarttolosethemselvesontheroadtofame.第二步WS之句内连接:语法结构连接

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Celebrities,thefocusofmuchattention,areparticularlyattentivetotheirpublicimage,someevenlosingtheirtrueselves.Chasedaroundnearlyallthetime,celebrities,whostrivetoliveuptothepublicexpectations,evengetlostontheroadtofame.“U型三步法”之第三步SP句与句连接（要点与要点之间）（1）增加连接词（2）采用连接句（3）应用篇章结构语篇同构衔接自然行文流畅第三步SP连接之增加连接词逻辑关系连接词表转折yet;but;while;however;nevertheless;whereas;although;though;despitethefactthat;inspiteof;onthecontrary;ontheotherhand;evenso;incontrast;instead;unlike;differentfrom;unfortunately...表因果therefore;so;asaresult/consequence;consequently;hence;thus;accordingly;inthisway;becauseof;dueto;thanksto;owingto...表递进what'smore;what'sworse;worsestill;besides;inaddition;moreover;also;furthermore;notonly...butalso;too...to表总结inshort;inbrief;briefly;tosumup;onthewhole;inconclusion;inaword...其他副词hopefully;sadly;(un)fortunately;surprisingly...

[例5]（节选自2014年新课标I卷·阅读理解A篇）

Atypicalliontamerinpeople’smindisanentertainerholdingawhipandachair.Thewhipgetalloftheattention,butit’smostlyforshow.Inreality,it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion’sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachiever(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)–onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.第三步SP连接之采用连接句Infaceofthefourlegsofawavingchair,alionstaysstill,unabletodecidewhichonetoconcentrateon,________________________________.Whenconfrontedwithnumerouschoices,peopletendtoshrinkback,makingnoadvances.第三步SP连接之采用连接句whichisoftenthecasewithhumans[例6]（选自2015年广东卷·阅读理解C篇）DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages.Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading.“Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads.”Andersonsays.Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision-watchinglowersIQscoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchsuggeststhatit’stheotherwayaround.“Ifyou’resmartyoung,you’llwatchlessTVwhenyou’reolder,”Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.第三步SP连接之采用篇章结构Onetraditionalbelief...Anotherargument...Traditionalwisdomalsohas...DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,contradictssomelong-heldviewsabouttheimpactTVshaveonkids,arguingthatparentsshouldberesponsibleinstead._____,ifaccompaniedbyparents,kidsknowmorewhilewatchingTV._______,watchingTVdoesn’tweakenchildren’sreadingabilitywhichindeedmirrorsthereadinghabitsofparents.______,noproofshowswatchingTVreduceskid’sIQ.第三步SP连接之采用篇章结构SecondFirstThird3“U型三步法”的设计课例[例7]（选自全国统一考试英语科考试说明P24）Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist（免疫学家）,encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.P-W之transitionalwords

Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.P-W之keywordsGettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.P-W之

keywords

P-W之keywords

Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

P-W之keywords

Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.

W-S之

要点1

nothingfixed;attitudestodirt

Peopleholddifferentviewstowardsdirtonourskin.Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.（选自考试说明范文）Therearemixedviewsaboutdirtonourskin.Opinionsvary/changeastothedirtonourskin.W-S之

要点2

dirtontheskin;blockoutdisease;alongtime;Europe;livedwithdirtPeople,suchasEuropeans,thoughtdirtdefendedtheirbodiesagainsttheattackofdisease.People,suchasEuropeans,hadlongconsidereddirtontheskinhelpedresistillness.Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.（选自考试说明范文）People,suchasEuropeans,usedtoregarddirtontheskinasabarrieragainstdisease.W-S之

要点3

cleaningawaydirt;good;standardsofcleanliness;movedbeyondscience

Itwasnotuntilthe18thcenturythatpeolecametobelievewashingoffdirtbenefitedhealth,butovertimetheyhavebecometooparticularaboutcleanliness.Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（选自考试说明范文）Centurieslater,peoplecametoadoptascientificviewondirt,andconsidereditahealthyp