高中英语牛津译林版-模块8教案：《Unit 3 The world of colours and light》Grammar and usage 教案 2

PAGEPAGE2◆Iamdoingmyhomework.Whatareyoudoing?Intheabovesentences,thesecondsentenceofeachpairisaquestion.Theorderofthewordsinthesentenceshasbeenchanged.Thisiscalledinversion.Whenweuseinversion,weputthepredicateorpartofitbeforethesubject,sothepredicateisemphasizedinsteadofthesubject.Inversioncanbeusedinmanycasesbesidesinaquestion.2.Theothercaseswhereinversioncanbeusedareasfollows.Whenthesentencebeginswithanegativewordoranegativephrasesuchasneither,nor,never,not,atnotime,seldom,hardly.Pleasechangethefollowingsentencesintoinversion1)Ican’tswim;hecan’tswimeitherIcan’tswim;neithercanhe.2)IshallneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrWanginthecountryside.NevershallIforgetthedaywhenImetMrWanginthecountryside.3)SmokingisatnotimepermittedinthemeetingroomAtnotimeissmokingpermittedinthemeetingroom.4)Hehadhardlygotintotheroomwhenthetelephonerang.Hardlyhadhegotintotheroomwhenthetelephonerang.Whenthesentencebeginswithonlyandso/such1)Youwillbeabletomasterthelanguageonlybypractisingafewhourseveryday.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday,willyoubeabletomasterthelanguage.2)Sheissobeautifulthatwealllikeher.Sobeautifulisshethatwealllikeher.3)Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatwealllikeher.Suchabeautifulgirlisshethatwealllikeher.Note:Inversionshouldnotbeusedwhenonlymodifiesthesubject.Whenthesentencebeginswithdirectspeechorpartofit“I’llcomebackinthreedays,”saidTom.WhenthesubjectistoolongPresentatthemeetingweremanyimportantpersons.Whenthesentencebeginswithhere,there,in,out,up,down,on,etc.Hereisanappleforyou.Theregoesthebell.Therearemanystudentsinourschool.Note:Ifthesubjectisapronoun,wecannotuseinversion.Inversioncanalsobeusedinformallanguagetotalkaboutunrealconditionals.HadItime(=IfIhadtime),Iwouldgoandhelpyou.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgoabroad.Shouldhecome(=Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.Whenaprepositionalphrasewhichindicatesapositionisusedasanadverbialofaplace,wecanputtheprepositionalphraseatthebeginningofthesentence,andputthepredicateverbbeforethesubject.Infrontofourclassroomaremanybeautifultrees.3.LookatPartAonpage41andfinishit.AnswersA1AuntreallyenjoyedFranceandsodidI.2Hardlyhadweleftthedormitorythenextmorningwhenwerealizedwehadforgottenourmapintheroom.3Hadyoucomewithus,IthinkyouwouldhaveenjoyedEuropetoo.4IsthereanythingspecialthatIcanbringyou?4.FinishPartB.AnswersB1NeverhaveIseensuchbeautifulflowersinthecity.2NeitherdoIhavetimetogotothemuseumtodayandnordoIwantto.3HardlyhadIstartedtolookatthepaintingswhentheteachersaiditwastimetoleavethemuseum.4.Theartistisalwaysdrawing;seldomisheseenwithoutanotebookinhishand.Forreference倒装句

主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装语和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。

1．全部倒装：

1)Therebe句型：还可用live,happen,exist,remain,stand等等动词作这类句型的谓语：

Longlongagotherelivedakingwholovedhorsesverymuch.

Therehappenedtobenobodyinthebedroomwhenthefirebrokeout.

ThereliesalargeGreenlandinfrontofthehouse.

2)then引起谓语为come,follow的句子

Thencameanewdifficulty.然后产生了一个新的困难。

ThenfollowedeightyearsoftheAnti-JapaneseWar.接着是八年抗战。

3)直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）:

“Theymustbeinthefieldsnow,”thoughtXiaoLin.“他们准是下地了。”小林想道。

“Help!Help!”criedthelittlegirl.小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！”

如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面：

“Takeyourseats,gentlemen,”Wilsonshouted.威尔逊嚷道：“先生们坐好。”“Thatmanisafamousstar,”XiaoYangtoldmeinawhisper.小杨低声告诉我说：“那个人是著名的电影明星。”(其他情况可参见P57)

2．部分倒装

1)only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句

OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.

OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.

Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.

注意：①在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序；②only修饰主语，不倒装。OnlyTomknowstheanswer.

2)否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装：表示否定意义的副词never,nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组bynomeans（决不）,innotime（很快）,atnotime（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）notuntil,notonly…butalso,nosoonerthan＝hardlywhen/scarcelywhen即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”。

NeverhaveIbeeninthiscity.

Little/SeldomdoIwatchTV.

NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.

注意：①关联词的搭配；

②前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。

3)以so开头，用“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”。译作“也不是，也没有”。

Theboylefthome,andsodidhissisteraweeklater.

Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.社会变了人也变了。

－Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.

－NeithercanI.Let’sstopforarest.

注意：①当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时译作“的确，正是”应用自然语序：

－Tomworkshard.

－Sohedoesandsodoyou.

②倒装部分的助动词，情态动词，连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致，主谓一致的变化要与后面主语相呼应。

Ifyoudon’tgo,neither/norshallI.(Ifyoudon’tgo,Ishallnotgo.)

注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：Itisthesamewithsomething/somebody或Soitiswithsomething/somebody.

IlikeEnglishverymuch,butIdon’tlikephysics.Itisthesamewithmybrother.

ShedoeswellinEnglish,butispoorinmaths.SoitiswithLucy.

MarxwasborninGermanyandGermanwashisnativelanguage.ItwasthesamewithEngles

4)引导让步状语从句，表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他

Cleverasheis,hedoesn’tstudywell.

Childasheis,heknowsalot.

Tryasshemight,shefailed.

Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.

Hardashetried,hedidn’tsucceed.

注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略

5)so＋adj/adv放在句首

Soafraidwasheinthedarknessthathedidn’tdaretomoveanitch.

Soloudlydidhespeakthateveryonecouldhearhim.

6)如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装

Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.＝Hadn’titbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatwouldwedo?＝Shouldtherebeaflood,whatwouldwedo?

7)频度副词及短语often,always,nowandthen,manyatime,everyotherday等放在句首时有时也倒装

Manyatimehashecometocomfortme.

Oftendidhewarnthemnottodoso.

8)某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序

Mayyousucceed.祝你成功！

LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina!共产党万岁！高考链接1.______,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.(1997NMET)A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis2.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.(1997上海)—________,and______.A.SohehassoyouhaveB.SohehassohaveyouC.SohashesohaveyouD.Sohashesoyouhave3.Notasinglesong_____atyesterday’sparty.(2000上海)A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing4.—Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.—MyGod!______.(1997上海)A.SodidIB.SoIdidC.SowereyouD.Sodidyou5.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylifesohappy______.(2000北京春)A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt6.Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse

________

suchabeautifulpalace.(2004辽宁)

A．canyoufind

B．youcouldfind

C．youcanfind

D．couldyoufind7.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howseriousthepollutionwas.(1995NMET)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersrealizedD.didn’tthevillagersrealize8.Onlyinthisway_____tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.(2003上海春)A.youcanhopeB.youdidhopeC.canyouhopeD.didyouhope9.NotuntilIbegantowork_____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.(1990NMET)A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealize10.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce____witheachother.(2003全国)A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreledKeys:1-5DBCBD6-10AACBCStep3:ConsolidationI.Multiplechoice1.—Didyouenjoythattrip?

—I'mafraidnot.And____.

A.myclassmatesdon'teither

B.myclassmatesdon'ttoo

C.neitherdomyclassmatesD.neitherdidmyclassmates2.OnlyafterIreadthetextoveragain_____itsmainidea.A.thatIknewB.didIknewC.IcouldknowD.Ididknow3.Ifyoudon’teatit,neither____.A.shallIB.doIC.IdoD.Ishall4.Nosooner____tothestation____thetrainleft.A.hadIgot,whenB.Ihadgot,thanC.hadIgot,thanD.didIget,when5.Notonly_____apromise,butalsohekeptit.A.didhemakeB.hemadeC.doeshemakeD.hashemade6.____today,hewouldgettherebySunday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave7.Neverinmylife____suchathing.A.IhaveheardorhaveseenB.haveIheardorseenC.IhaveheardorseenD.didIhearorsee8.—Here____!WhereisXiaoLiu?—There____.A.comesthebus,isheB.comesthebus,heisC.thebuscomes,isheD.thebuscomes,heis9.____,Iwillnotbuyit.A.MuchasdoIlikeitB.AsmuchIlikeitC.MuchasIlikeitD.AsIlikeitmuch10.—Ilikefootball.Idon’tlikevolleyball.—____.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.SoitiswithmeD.Soisitwithme11._____theexpense,I_____toItaly.A.Ifitwerenot,goB.Wereitnotfor,wouldgoC.Weren'titfor,willgoD.Ifithadn’tbeen,wouldhavegone12.So_____inthedarknessthathedidn’tdaretomoveaninch.A.hewasfrightenedB.washefrightenedC.frightenedhewasD.frightenedwashe13._____andcaughtthemouse.A.UpthecatjumpedB.ThecatupjumpedC.UpjumpedthecatD.Jumpedupthecat14.—YouhaveanEnglishclasseverydayexceptSunday.—_____.A.SowehaveB.SowedoC.SohaveweD.Sodowe15.Iwonderifyourwifewillgototheball.Ifyourwife_____,so_____mine.A.does;willB.will;doesC.will;wouldD.does;do16._____,Iwouldaccepttheinvitationandgototheparty.A.WereIyouB.WasIyouC.HadIbeenyouD.Would1beyou17.—YouseemtohavelearnedalltheEnglishwordsbyheart.—_____.A.SoIdoB.SodoIC.SoIhaveD.SohaveI18.—IseldomwatchTV,butlistentotheradioalot.—_____.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.I’mthesameD.Soitiswithme19.—Haveyoueverseenan