上海中学高三英语周练1

上海中学高三英语周练1II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Weknowthefamousones-theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells-butwhataboutthe__26__________(famous)inventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper?Shouldn'tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcLeanthinksso.Infact,McLean,aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatter_27_________she'sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning"who"invented"what",however,McLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe"why"and"how"questions.AccordingtoSo,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?Well,MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy,butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights,soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtosee_29___________thesnowcoveringthewindshield,shefoundherself_30__________whytherecouldn'tbeabuiltindeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham,Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas,alever(操作杆)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrol31__________armontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It'shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan'strafficlight.It'sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett'sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible._32_____________youpicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?(B)Thereareafewthingsinlifemoreirritating:youaremidconversationwithafriend,andsuddenlysheburstsoutlaughing,33_________(make)youthinkyou’vemadeabrilliantjoke.Butthenshesays,“Sorry,Iwasn’tlaughingatyou.Ijustsawsomethingreallyfunonamicroblog.”Nowthewholeworldisbeginningtolosepatiencewiththisphenomenonknownasphubbing:snubbingothersinasocialsetting__34___________checkingyourphone.Infact,phubbingisjustonesymptomofourincreasingdependenceonmobilephonesandtheInternetwhichisreplacingnormalsocialinteraction.AccordingtoarecentpollcarriedoutbyaSundaynewspaperinBritain,athirdofBritons__35_______(survey)admittedtobeingphubbersandmorethanaquartersaidtheywouldanswertheirphonesinthemiddleofafacetofaceconversation.36_____________pointingorpickingyournose,phubbingisalsowidelyconsideredrudebehaviorinpublicplaces.Lately,aStopPhubbingcampaigngrouphasstartedinAustraliaandatleastfive__37___________havesprungupinitswake__38___________angeranddiscontentatthelackofmannersgrow.Thecampaign’screator,AlexHaigh,23,fromMelbourne,said:“AgroupoffriendsandI__39__________(chat)theotherdaywhensomeoneraisedhoannoyingbeingignoredbypeopleonmobileswas.”Hehascreatedawebsite__40_________companiescandownloadposterstodiscouragephubbingandevenplacardsforweddings.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.purposefulB.rolledC.issuedD.majorityE.industrialAB.unityAC.sourceAD.freshAE.shapedBC.risenBD.admittedRecentlytheDepartmentofPlanningofNewYork_41________areportwhichlaidbareafullscaleofthecity.In1970,18percentofthecity'spopulationwasforeign-born.By1995,thefigurehad42______to33percent,andanother20percentweretheUS-bornoffspringofimmigrants.Soimmigrantsandtheirchildrennowform.a(n)_43_____ofthecity'spopulation.WhoaretheseNewYorkers?Whydotheycomehere?Wherearetheyfrom?OK,timetodropthe"they".I'moneofthethem.Thelastquestionatleastiseasytoanswer:wecomefromeverywhere.Inthelistofthetop2044________nationsofthosesendingimmigrantstoNewYorkbetween1990and1994aresixcountriesinAsia,fiveintheCaribbean,four'inLatinAmerica,threeinEurope,plusIsraelandformerSovietUnion.Andwhenweimmigrantsgotherewe45_______upoursleeves.“IfyouarenotreadytoworkwhenyougettoNewYork,”saysafriendofmine,“you’dbetterhittheroad.”ThemayorofNewYorkoncesaid,"Immigrationhas__46_________theuniquecharacteranddrivetheeconomicengineofNewYorkCity."HebelievesthatimmigrantsareattheheartofwhatmakesNowYorkgreat.InEurope,bycontrast,itismuchmorecommontohearpoliticiansworryaboutthelossof"_47________"thatimmigrationbringstotheirsocieties.Inthequartercentury'since1970,theUnitedStates__48_______about12.5millionlegalimmigrants,andhasabsorbedthemintoitssocialstructureswithaneasebeyondtheimaginationofothernations.Sincetheseimmigrantsare__49___________landhard-working,theywillhelpAmericatomakea(n)_50_______startinthenextcentury.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,__51__,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften__52__thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness--__53__thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.__54__toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyear.Inconstantlychanging__55__,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe__56__implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig__57__initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto__58__increasesofbetween25and85percent.IntheUS,Domino’sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand__59__neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin__60__profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer__61__isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto__62__them”,saysAdrianPayneofCornfield51..A.inparticular B.inreality C.atleast D.firstofall52.A.emphasize B.doubt C.overlook D.believe53.A.Denying B.ensuring C.arguing D.proving54.A.Moving B.Hoping C.Starting D.Failing55..A.markets B.tastes C.prices D.expenses56.A.culture B.social C.financial D.economical57.A.promise B.plan C.mistake D.difference58.A.cost B.opportunity C.profit D.budget59.A.asaresult B.onthewholeC.inconclusionD.onthecontrary60.A.huge B.potential C.extra D.reasonable61.A.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interest62.A.altering B.understandingC.keeping D.Attracting63.A.Assumed B.Respected C.Established D.Unexpected64.A.agreeable B.flexible C.friendly D.sensitive65.A.unfair B.difficult C.essential D.convenientSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,D.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics,youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis,mentakemorerisksthanwomenandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmoke,butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon'tgotothedoctor."Menaren'tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,"saysDr.Gullotta,"Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike."Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlingcancer,”hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedhislife.”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup."Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible(不可战胜的)"Gullottasays"Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink'Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,…'"Thenthereistheostrich(鸵鸟)approach,"Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,"saysDr.RossCartmill."Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreoftenthantheyservicetheirbodies,"Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitably(不可避免地)placestressonthepublicpurse.Cartmillsays."Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater.It’scalledprematuredeath"66.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Theyaremorelikelytosufferdiseasestoday.B.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoredthisarticle.D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlife.67.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence"Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,…"inparagraph8?A.itcouldhappentome,too.B.IshouldavoidplayinggolfC.Ishouldconsidermyselflucky.D.itwouldbeabigmisfortune.68WhatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby"theostrichapproach"inparagraph9?A.casualattitudetowardsone'shealthconditions.B.Anewtreatmentforcertainpsychologicalproblems.C.Refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolved.D.Unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone'sdiseasebecauseoffear.69.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A.Theymayincreasepublicexpenses.B.Theywillsavemoneyinthelongrun.C.Theymaycausepsychologicalstressonmen.D.Theywillenablementoliveaslongaswomen.(B)Doctorshavebeenadvisingusforyearsto"useitorloseit":thatis,tostayasintellectuallyactiveaspossibleintoourwaningyearsinordertoavoiddementia.Butthelatestresearchshowsthatbraintrainingcomesataprice.Inastudyof1,157menandwomenage65orolder,researchersledbyDr.RobertWilsonatRushUniversityMedicalCenterinChicagofoundthatpeoplewhoremainedintellectuallystimulated—byplayingcardsorothergames,readingorvisitingmuseums—werediagnosedwithdementialaterthanthosewhowerenotascognitivelyactive.Butoncedementiasetin,thegroupwhoparticipatedinmentallystimulatingactivitiesexperiencedamuchmorerapidcognitivedecline.Overthe12-yearstudy,foreachadditionalpointtheygainedonameasureofcognitiveactivity,theintellectuallystimulatedgroupexperienceda52%greaterdeclineincognitiveimpairment,afterbeingdiagnosedwithdementia.“Brainactivityisnotstoppingtheunderlyingneurobiologyofdementia,butforawhile,itseemstobeeffectiveindelayingtheadditionalappearanceofsymptoms,"saysWilson."Butthebenefitofdelayingtheinitialsymptomscomesatthecostofmorerapidprogressionofdementiaonceitmakesitsappearance."WhilebrainexercisescanhelpthebraincontinuetofunctiondespitetheaccumulatingbiologicalchangesunderlyingdementiaandAlzheimer's,atsomepoint,saysWilson,thescalestip—thatactivitycannolongercompensateforthegrowingvolumeofdeterioratingalterationsinthebrain."Atthatpoint,thepatientisprettymuchatthemercyofthepathology,"hesays.Andthat'swhy,oncethesymptomsofdementiabecomeobvious,thosewhowereabletopushofftheirdiagnosisarelikelytobeatamoreadvancedstageofdisease.Thefindings,publishedWednesdayinNeurology,shouldnotdiscouragepeoplefromremainingcognitivelyactive,saysDr.WilliamThies,chiefmedicalofficeroftheAlzheimer'sAssociation,andinfactraisesinterestingquestionsabouthowweasasocietyshouldapproachage-relatedbrainchanges.Surveysconsistentlyshowthatmostofuswouldprefertoremainasfunctionallyintactaspossibleandexperienceashortperiodofphysicalormentaldisabilitybeforedeath.Gradualcognitivedecline,whichisthehallmarkofAlzheimer'sdisease,ischallengingforpatients,theircaregiversandsociety,asthehealthcostsofchroniccarecontinuetoclimb.Butthecurrentstudysuggeststhatmorepeoplemaybeabletotelescopetheirmentaldeclineintoashorterandmoreconcentratedtimeperiod."Ithinktheresultssuggestedbythispaperaresomethingthatpeoplewouldregardaspositive,"hesays."Andthisisthesortofstudywereallyneedifweareevergoingtounderstandhowtomanageallaspectsofdementiaasasociety."70.Theword“dementia”canbebestreplacedby_______________________________.A.mentaldiseaseB.braindamageC.cognitivedeclineD.Biologicalchanges71.Thesentenceunderlinedsuggeststhatwhenthebrainexercisescannolongercompensatefortheworseningalterationsinthebrain,__________.A.thevolumeoftheworseningalterationsinbraindeterminestheseriousnessofthediseaseB.thepatientnolongerneedstodobrainexercisesandhastobetakencareofbythedoctorsC.thedoctorscanonlytreatthepatientbasedonhispathologicalconditionsD.theaccumulatingbiologicalchangesunderlyingdementiacan’tbeignoredbythepatient72.AccordingtoDr.WilliamThies,thefindingsshouldbeviewedas__________.A.discouragingB.interestingC.challengingD.positive73.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Braintrainingisveryexpensiveforthosewhowanttostaycognitivelyactive.B.ThecostsoftakingcareofanAlzheimer’spatientcontinuetogoup.C.Thosewhodobrainexerciseswilldefinitelysufferfromdementiaatlast.D.Weneedmorestudiestounderstandhowtomanagedementiaasasociety.(C)ThemodernOlympicGames,foundedin1896,beganascontestsbetweenindividuals,ratherthanamongnations,withthehopeofpromotingworldpeacethroughsportsmanship.Inthebeginning,thegameswereopenonlytoamateurs.Anamateurisapersonwhoseinvolvementinanactivity--fromsportstoscienceorthearts--ispurelyforpleasure.Amateurs,whatevertheircontributionstoafield,expecttoreceivenoformofcompensation;professional,incontrast,performtheirworkinordertoearnaliving.Fromtheperspectiveofmanyathletes,however,theOlympicplayingfiledhasbeenfarfromlevel.RestrictingtheOlympictoamateurshasprecluded(排除）theparticipationofmanywhocouldnotaffordtobeunpaid.Countrieshavealwaysdesiredtosendtheirbestathletes,nottheirwealthiestones,totheOlympicGames.Aslenderandimpreciselineseparateswhatwecall“financialsupport”from“earningmoney.”Doathletes“earnmoney”iftheyarereimbursed（补偿）fortravelexpenses?Whatiftheyarepaidfortimelostatworkoriftheyacceptfreeclothingfromamanufactureroriftheyteachsportsforaliving?TherunnerEricLiddellwasthesonofpoormissionaries;in1924theBritishOlympicCommitteefinancedhistriptotheOlympics,wherehewonagoldandabronzemedal.CollegescholarshipsandsupportfromtheUnitedStatesOlympicCommitteemadeitpossibleforAmericantrackstarsJesseOwensandWilmaRudolphandspeedskaterDanJansentotrainandcompete.WhentheSovietUnionanditsalliesjoinedthegamesin1952,thedefinitionofamateurbecamestillmuddier.Theirathletesdidnothavetobalancejobsandtrainingbecauseascitizensincommunistregimes,theirgovernmentfinancialsupportwasnotconsideredpaymentforjobs.In1971theInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)removedthewordamateurfromtherules,makingiteasierforathletestofindthesupportnecessarytotrainandcompete.In1986theIOCallowedprofessionalathletesintothegames.TherearethosewhoregretthedisappearanceofamateurismfromtheOlympicGames.Forthemthegameslostsomethingspecialwhentheybecamejustanotherwayforathletestoearnmoney.Otherssaythatthedesignationofamateurismwasalwaysquestionable;theyarguethatallcompetitorsreceivesomuchfinancialsupportastomakethempaidprofessionals.Mostagree,however,thatthedebateoverwhatconstitutesan“amateur”willcontinueforalongtime.74.Onemightinferthat_______________________.A.developingOlympic-levelskillsinathletesiscostlyB.professionalathletesaremostlyinterestedinfinancialrewardsC.amateursdoesnotexpecttoearnmoneyatthesportthatisplayedD.amateursathleteshaveabetterattitudethanprofessionalsdo75.Thestatement“theplayingfieldhasbeenfarfromlevel”meansthat__________.A.thegroundtheathletesplayedonwasinbadconditionB.thepoorerplayersweregivensomeadvantagesC.therulesdidnotworkthesamewayforeveryoneD.amateurswereinferiortotheprofessionalsinmanyways76.ThefinancialsupportgiventoathletesbytheSovietgovernmentcanbestbecomparedto________________.A.agiftreceivedonaspecialoccasion,suchasabirthdayB.moneyreceivedfromawinninglotteryticketC.anallowancepaidtoachildD.Moneyfromcharityorganization77.OnecanconcludethattheOlympicOrganizingCommittee_________________.A.hasheldfirmtoitsoriginalvisionoftheOlympicgamesB.hasstruggledwiththedefinitionofamateurovertheyearsC.regardsitselfasanorganizationforprofessionalathletesonlyD.didnothingbutstopallowingcommuniststoparticipateSectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinnomorethan12words."Severefatigue(疲乏),veryweak.Icouldhardlywalkdowntheblock,"saysWendyMoro.Why,shewondered,then,Wendyandherdoctorbegintosuspectherplate."AfewtimesaweekIwashavingfish,whetheritwasonceorfourtimes,"saysWendy."Whatkindoffish?Swordfish,tunaandseabass,thehighestmercury-contentfishsoldinthecommercialmarket,"saysDr.JaneHightower.Mercury(汞)enterstheoceanwithcommercialpollution.Itworksitswayupthefoodchain,andapparentlyintosomeofthemostpopularfishonthemarket.Wendy'sdoctor,Dr.JaneHightower,wassosuspiciousthatshebegantestingherBayAreapatients.Allconsumedlargeamountsoffish,andanoverwhelmingmajoritytestedhighformercuryintheirsystems."Iwasseeinghairloss,fatigue,muscleache,headache,feelingjustanillfeeling."Hightowersaid.ThesymptomsbegantoclearupwhenHightowercuttheamountoffishintheirdiets."Itwassoobvious,buttheproblemwasstillunknowntothepublic,"shesaid."Ievenwantedtorentatentandatambourine."(Atambourineisasmallone-sideddrumwithmetaldisksarounditsrim.)Herpublishedfindingsdrewnationalattention.Butdespiteherstudy,thereisstillfiercedebateoverhowmuchfishissafetoeat,andhowmuchmercuryconsumersareactuallyeating.Sowedecidedtodoourowntest.AccordingtotheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency),thesafelevelofmercuryintakefora120-poundwomanlikeWendyisalittleover38microgramsperweek.Onaverage,asingleservingoftunapurchasedhereintheBayAreacontainedmoremercurythantheEPArecommendsawomanofWendy'ssizeeatforanentireweek.Seabasshadnearlytwicethatlevel,andswordfishnearlysixtimestheEPA'ssafemercuryintakeforaweek,inasingleserving.Whilethereislittlescie