词汇教学的基本原则

高考新课标词汇（3500+1500）

GuidelinesI词汇的本质——词汇教什么学什么？词汇构建认知II每个单词究竟有几层意思？一词多义存在吗？

本源意的重要性III汉字与英文造词差别

象形与逻辑IV如何克服遗忘？信息加工论抗遗忘从正确输入开始V词汇教学的高效策略分层+促进输出

一切外语教学的总则——亲师信道

theAffectiveFilterHypothesis（过滤性原则）

theAcquisition-learningHypothesis(习得和学习原则)

theInput-outputHypothesis(输入－输出原则)

theMonitorHypothesis(监控原则)

表达的成就感

I词汇的本质——词汇教什么与学什么？

词汇构建认知1.词汇的重要性：

语言学家DavidWilkins一句话概括：Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.2.学习词汇不是记住汉语意思，而是回到词表达或指称的事物本身。维特根斯坦：语言的边界是人思维的边界。人无法记住自己没见过/大脑中没有的东西。A.英语解释：eg.available/access/aggressiveB.汉语创设或解释环境；C.观看直观视频与图片。

I词汇的本质——词汇教什么与学什么？

词汇构建认知Vail以available为例，《朗文当代高级英语词典》解释为：somethingorsomebodythatisavailableisabletobeusedorcaneasilybeboughtorfound.这是它的本源义，汉语翻译为：可用的、可获得的；衍生到指人，表示空闲的，有能力去作某事;或单身的，未有结婚对象的。语境义更加丰富多姿。请看例句：1.Ticketsare

available

fromtheboxoffice.（售票处有票出售。）2.Meetingswereheldtoupdateemployeesassoonasnewinformationbecame

available.3.Furtherbuildingcancontinuewhenmoneyismade

available

.（有了资金就可以继续进一步的施工。）4.Every

available

spaceonthewallwascoveredinpictures.（墙上每一个可用的地方都挂上了画。）

5.Thereareplentyofjobs

available

inthenewcompany.6.Collinswasnot

available

forcommentonThursdaynight.7.

Everylady

unavailable

aresupposedtodate.除了通过例句详细掌握其用法之外，还需要掌握其派生词：avail和availability的用法。8.Theytriedtodiscusstheissuecalmly,but

tonoavail.9.Ourbesteffortsdidnot

avail.10.Roomsareofferedsubjecttoavailability.同义词(synonyms)

accessible;onhand,onfile,attheready反义词(antonyms)inaccessible;unavailable;unattainable;unobtainable

1.词源意

2.基本意

3.语境意

4.比喻意

5.一词多义

II词汇的各层意思，分别指什么？

1.V-T

Ifyou

cover

something,youplacesomethingelseoveritinordertoprotectit,hideit,orcloseit.盖

•

Hewhimperedandcoveredhisface.

2.V-T

Ifonething

covers

another,ithasbeenplacedoveritinordertoprotectit,hideit,orcloseit.盖住•

Hisfingerwentuptotouchtheblackpatchwhichcoveredhislefteye.

3.V-T

Ifonething

covers

another,itformsalayeroveritssurface.覆盖•

Thecloudshadspreadandcoveredtheentiresky.

4.V-T

To

cover

something

with

or

in

somethingelsemeanstoputalayerofthesecondthingoveritssurface.铺盖•

Thedeskwascoveredwithpapers.

5.V-T

Ifyou

cover

aparticulardistance,youtravelthatdistance.走过(一段距离)•

Itwouldnotbeeasytocovertenmilesonthatamountofpetrol.

6.V-T

Aninsurancepolicythat

covers

apersonorthingguaranteesthatmoneywillbepaidbytheinsurancecompanyinrelationtothatpersonorthing.保险•

Theirinsurerpaidthe$900bill,eventhoughthepolicydidnotstrictlycoverit.

7.V-T

Ifalaw

covers

aparticularsetofpeople,things,orsituations,itappliestothem.适用于•

Thelawcoversfourcategoriesofexperiments.

8.V-T

Ifyou

cover

aparticulartopic,youdiscussitinalecture,course,orbook.论及•

IntroductiontoChemistryaimstocoverimportanttopicsinorganicchemistry.

9.V-T

Ifasumofmoney

covers

something,itisenoughtopayforit.足够支付•

Sendittotheaddressgivenwith$2.50tocoverpostageandadministration.

10.V-I

Ifyou

coverfor

someonewhoisdoingsomethingsecretorillegal,yougivefalseinformationordonotgivealltheinformationyouhave,inordertoprotectthem.包庇•

Whywouldshecoverforsomeonewhowastryingtokillher?

11.V-I

Ifyou

coverfor

someonewhoisilloraway,youdotheirworkforthemwhiletheyarenotthere.代替•

Shedidnothaveenoughnursestocoverforthosewhoweresick.

12.PHRASE

Ifyou

cover

yourself,youdosomethinginordertoprotectyourself,forexampleagainstcriticismoragainstaccusationsofdoingsomethingwrong.为自己开脱

III汉字和英语单词的造词区别thedifferencesbetweenChinesecharactersandEnglishwordsTypesChineseCharactersEnglishwordsstructurespoetic\pictographiclogicformation偏旁、部首root+suffixways音、形、意结合表意origins仰观日月星辰，俯察鸟兽山川天人合一物自体为核心追问世界本源：探索动词为核心1、象形：2.指事3、形声4、会意5、转注6、假借20therulesofwordevolution词汇演变规律：fromthesimpletothecomplicated从简到繁fromtheconcretetotheabstract从具体到抽象fromthegeneraltothedelicate从粗旷到精微Anywordcan’temergewithoutanyroot.Awordislikeahuman;hecanonlybeborninafamilyandgrowandevolve.(没有凭空出世的词语，只有词根衍生进化而来的词。)

前缀（prefix）词根（stem/root）后缀（suffix）前缀改变单词词义词根决定单词意思后缀决定单词词性

第一类：表示正负（或增减）的，如：un-in-im-il-ir-non-mis-dis-anti-de-under-re-over-

de-等；第二类：表示尺寸的，如：equi-mini-micro-macro-mega-等；第三类：表示位置关系，如：inter-super-trans-ex-extra-sub-等；第四类：表示时间和次序，如：ante-pre-prime-post-retro-等；第五类：表示数字，如：semi-mono-bi-tri-quad-oct-multi-等；其它类别，如：pro-auto-co-con-等。前缀（prefix）

IV如何克服遗忘？信息加工论（抗遗忘从正确输入开始/艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线）1.什么是遗忘？信息加工论2.短期记忆和长期记忆？3.抗遗忘从正确输入开始4.艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线

高效的输入：克拉申（Krashen）1.可理解性(comprehensible