挑战练04 阅读理解(词句猜测题)(原卷版)-2020-2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)

2020~2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)04阅读理解(词句猜测题)1PeopleoftensaythattheEnglishman’shomeishiscastle.Theymeanthatthehomeisveryimportantandpersonaltohim.MostpeopleinBritainliveinhousesratherthanflats,andmanypeopleowntheirhomes.Thismeansthattheycanmakethemindividual;theycanpaintthem,andchangetheminanywaytheylike.Mosthouseshaveagarden,evenifitisaverysmallone,andthegardenisusuallyloved.Thehouseandthegardenaretheprivatespaceoftheindividual.Peopleusuallyliketomarktheirspace.Areyousittingnowinyourhomeoronatrain?Haveyoumarkedthespacearoundyourselfasyour?Ifyouareonthetrainyoumayputyourcoatorsmallbagontheseatbesideyou.Ifyoushareaflatyoumayhaveonecornerorchairwhichisyourown.OnceIwastravellingonatraintoLondon.Iwasinasectionforfourpeopleandtherewasatablebetweenus.Themanonthespaceonmysideofthetableatall.Iwasangry.Maybehethoughtthatheownedthewholetable.Ihadreadabookaboutnon-verbalcommunicationsoItookvariouspapersoutofmybagandputthemonhisbriefcase!WhenIdidthishestiffenedandhiseyesnearlypopped(瞪出)outofhishead.Ihadinvadedhisspace!AfewminuteslaterItookmypapersoffhiscaseinordertoreadthem.Heimmediatelymovedhiscasetohissideofthetable.Ofcourse,itispossiblethathejustwantedtobehelpfultome!Ifyouarevisitinganothercountryyoumayfeelthatyoudon’thaveanyprivatespace.Hotelroomslookmuchthesameineverycountryintheworld.Alldaylong,yousharepublicspaceswithotherpeople.Youseethelocalpeopleintheirprivatespacesandyoufeellonelyand“outside”.Localpeoplecancreatetheirprivatespacesbytalkingaboutthingsyoudon’tknowabout.Andyouevenfeelthattheylikeyoutobeoutsidethemsothattheywillenjoybeinginsideevenmore!Thisisoneofthedifficultiesofbeingatraveler!Butifyouunderstanditthenithelpsyou.Haven’tyouenjoyedbeingpartofagroupand“owning”abitofspace?1.ThewriterwasangryashewastravellingonatraintoLondonbecause________.A.hehadnoplacetositB.someonehadinvadedhis“space”C.toomanypeoplesharedasectionwithhimD.someotherpeopletalkedaboutthingshedidn’tknowabout2.InParagraph4,thepronoun“them”refersto________.A.publicspaces B.privatespacesC.localpeople D.othercountries3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Britishpeopledislikemarkingtheirspace.B.Youalwaysfeelathomeinanothercountry.C.MostBritishpeoplepreferlivinginhousestoflats.D.Youcan’tmarkyourprivatespaceinaforeigncountry.4.Themainpurposeofthepassageistotellreadersto________.A.ownprivatespacesbylivinginhousesB.haveonecorneroftheirowninpublicplacesC.realizetheimportanceof“space”incommunicationD.createtheirprivatespacesbytalkingwithlocalpeople2InNovember2020,HurricaneEtamadelandfallinCentralAmerica.ThestormcausedhugedamagefromPanamatoFlorida.Twoweekslater,Hurricanelotaarrived.Itwasevenmorepowerful.Heavyrainfellonplacesthatwerealreadyflooded.PresidentJuanOrlandoHernandez,ofHonduras,saidlotawouldleavetheareaintatters.Scientistssayclimatechangeistoblame.Theydon'tknowifit'scausingmorestorms,butdataseemstoshowit'scausingstormstobestrongerandmoreharmful.JamesP.KossinisaclimatescientistwiththeNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Hesaystheincreaseingreenhousegasemissions(排放)ischanginghowstormsbehave.“Thesestormshaveahumanfingerprintonthem,"hetoldTIMEforKids.Astheplanetwarms,sodoitsoceans.That'swherehurricanesbegin.Astormdrawsitsenergyfromoceanair.Warmerwaterprovidesmoreenergy,whichmeanshigherwinds.Italsomeansheavierrain.Increasedenergyisalsocausinghurricanestogetstrongerandfaster.InAugust,Laurachangedfromatropicalstormtoastronghurricaneinaboutaday.IthitTexasandLouisianawithwindsofupto150milesperhour.Laura'sstormsurge----awallofoceanwatermainlycausedbyastrongwind---reached17feetinplaces.ItwasamongthehighesteverrecordedinLouisiana.Hurricanesarealsostickingaroundlongertodomoredamage.Risingtemperaturesareslowingdownwesterlywinds,whichblowaroundtheplanet.Thatmakesstormsmovemoreslowly.In2017,HurricaneHarveyhungaroundfordays,floodingpartsofTexas.“Thatstormwasdamagingbecauseitdidn'tmove.”Kossinsays.“Itjustsatthere.Anditrainedandrained."Reducinggreenhousegasesisthefirststep.Kossinsays."wecanstopmakingitworse.Thenwecantryourbesttoadapttothenewclimatewe'rein."5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“intatters”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Quiet. B.Ruined. C.Crowded. D.Dangerous.6.Howdoscientiststhinkclimatechangehasinfluencedstorms?A.It'sledtostormsdestroyingmore.B.It'smadestormsdifficulttoread.C.It'sincreasedthenumberofstorms.D.It'smadestormshappeninmoreplaces.7.WhydidtheauthorgivetheexampleofLaura?A.Toprovethatincreasedenergyiscausingstormstogetstronger.B.Toshowthatstormsarecausingmoreandmoredamage.C.Tointroducedifferenttypesofstorms.D.Toexplainhowstormsform.8.WhathappenedinTexasin2017?A.Awallofoceanwaterbroketherecordinhistory.B.AgirlnamedLaurawaslostinastorm.C.Greenhousegasesincreasedrapidly.D.Floodshitsomeplacesthere.3OneofthemosttraditionalBritishholidaysisthe“seasideholiday”.Typically,familiesgetonatrainorintoacarandtraveltoBritishseasidetowns.Theysunbatheonthebeach,buyicecreams,eatfishandchips,buildsandcastlesandsoon.Intheearly1970s,airtravelbecameaffordablefortheaveragefamilyintheUK,andmoreandmoreBritishpeoplestartedtravellingabroadfortheirsummerholidays.Afterall,theBritishweatherisn'tverygood,eveninsummer,soalotleavetheUKforavacation.Particularlypopularwithfamiliesonabudgetisthe“packageholiday",wherethecostofflightsandaccommodationareofferedatadiscountedpricebytravelagents.Inthe1980sand1990s,youngpeopleintheUKbecamemorewealthy,oratleasthadmoredisposableincome.Asaresult,youngpeoplestartedtogoabroadingroups,toplacessuchasSpainandGreece.Onceattheirdestination,theysocializedwithothergroupsofyoungpeopleandhadonelongparty.Britishholidayinghabitshavebeguntochange,however.ClimatechangemeansthattheUKnowhasawarmerclimatethanbefore,sopeopledon'talwaysfeeltheyneedtogooverseastofindgoodweather.Also,theworldseemsalesscertainplaceasinterconnectedeconomicsriseandfall,whichmeansthatthecostofforeignholidaysislesspredictablethanitusedtobe.Asaresult,moreandmoreBritonsarechoosingtospendtheirsummerholidaysintheUK.IntheUK,thedomestic(国内的)tourismindustry---whenpeoplegoonholidayintheirowncountry---ishealthierthanithasbeenindecades.ThereisnowanincreasedappreciationamongBritonsforthediversityoftheUK.Itisnotjustthegeographyandthediversityofclimate-basedactivitiesonoffer.ItisalsothediversityoftheculturesintheUKthatisbeginningtobeofinteresttodomestictouristsTheUKhasalwaysbeenfamousforitsinternationalexplorers,butnowitisstartingtodiscoveritself.9.WhatmainlycausedBritonstotravelabroadforholidaysintheearly1970s?A.Thelowercostofflights.B.ThebadweatherintheUK.C.Thetrendofgoingoverseas.D.Theriseoftourismindustry.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disposable”meaninParagraph3?A.Easytohandle.B.Steadyinamount.C.Flexibletochange.D.Availableforuse.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.SteadyinterconnectedeconomicsencouragemoreBritonstoholidayintheUK.B.ClimatechangehasanimpactonthechangeofBritishholidayinghabits.C.Packageholidaywasparticularlypopularwithrichfamiliesintheearly1970s.D.BothdomesticandinternationaltouristsareinterestedinthediversityoftheUK.12.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsUK'sdomestictourismindustry?A.Uncertain.B.Optimistic.C.PessimisticD.Critical.4ManyofusweredelightedtolearnthatahighschoolseniorKwasiEninwasacceptedtoalleightIvyLeagueuniversities.Tooursurprise,hewasn'texcitedasexpected,butappearedextracalm.Heannouncedthathewouldrevisittheuniversitiestofindthebestsuitableinmusicormedicine.Healsowantedtocomparetheirfinancialaidpackages.Kwasi'ssuccessstoryisrare,buthisreactionisnot.Aftertheadmissionlettersarriveathome,studentshave30daystoreallythinkaboutwhatkindofschoolwouldhelpthemgrowasaperson,whichschoolwouldbestpreparethemforthefuture,andatwhichschooltheywouldbehappiest.Andtheyalsohavetothinkaboutwhethertheycanaffordtheschooltheychoose.Buthowtoanswerthequestionsaboutwhichschoolisthebestsuitableuniversity?Someyoungpeopleareattractedtolargeuniversitieswithgreatschoolspiritandalistofofferings.Butbesidesthoseadvantages,manyoftheseuniversitiesfocusongraduateworkandresearch,withundergraduatestaughtmostlybypart-timeinstructors.Othersareattractedtosmallerboardingschoolswithdiscussion-basedclasses.Butsomeoftheseschoolswillhavemuchlimitationforstudentswhowantahigh-energycitylifeexperience.Manystudentstodayseemtothinktheyshouldpicktheuniversitywheretheywillgetthediplomathatwillhelpthemgetthemosthighlypaidjob.Thisisasadmisunderstandingofwhatacollegeeducationshouldprovide.Agoodcollegeeducationshouldpreparethemtoovercomeanydifficultyandthriveinsociety.Ithelpsthemtoformthehabitofcreativemindandspiritthatwillcontinuetodevelopfarbeyondtheiruniversityyears.Sowhenyouchoosecollege,youshouldconsiderifitisfilledwithusefullearningtohelpcreatenewspacesfordifferentpossibilitiesofgrowth.13.WhatcanweknowaboutKwasiEninfromparagraph1?A.Hewasfromaverypoorfamily.B.Hewouldchoosethetopuniversity.C.Hewastooexcitedtocalmhimselfatthegoodnews.D.Heconsideredhisinterestswhenchoosinghisuniversity.14.Whatcanyouinferfromparagraph2?A.Fewstudentscanbeadmittedtouniversity.B.ManystudentsfacethechoiceslikeKwasi.C.Topuniversitiesarethefirstchoiceformoststudents.D.Americanstudentscanaffordtheiruniversitybythemselves.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“thrive”inparagraph4?A.Fail B.Succeed C.Research D.Work16.Whatshouldthebestuniversitybelikeaccordingtothetext?A.Verylargeandhavegoodinstructors.B.Smallboardingschoolswithdiscussion-basedclasses.C.Itwillofferthediplomatogetthemosthighlypaidjob.D.Itwillhelpcontinuetodevelopfarbeyonduniversityyears.5IhavealwaysbeencreativesinceIwasalittlegirl.Mychildhoodwasfilledwitharts,craftsandmusic,andeverydaywasanexcitingadventureofcreation.Somewherealongtheway,however,Ilosttouchwithmycreativeself.At21,Ilandedajobatabiginsurancefirmoutofmybusinessdegree.Iwouldgototheoffice,sitatmydeskandrepeatthesameworkfivedaysaweek,9to5.Thedayswerelongandtedious.Workingthiswayforoneyearwaspainfulenough,letalonealifetime.BeforelongIdecidedtomakeachange.OnethingIhaddevelopedaninterestinwassewing,soItookasewingcourseatacommunitycollege.Itwasonlyafive-weekcoursebutitawakenedmyinterestandgotmyconfidenceup.AsIdreamedbigger,IbeganlookingintocollegecoursesforFashionDesignandthreemonthslaterIsignedupforapart-timedesigncourse.Iattendedclassestwonightsaweek.Althoughexhausting,itgavemeenergy,enthusiasmandhappiness.AsitbecamemoreevidentthatfashionwaswhatIwantedtodofulltime,therealityofmyday-to-dayworkattheinsurancefirmbecameharder.Ifeltbored.Noenergy,nomotivationandzerofulfillment.IknewIneededtomakeabigchange.Afterstrugglingforquiteawhile,Imadeatoughdecision—leavingmyjobandstudyingmydesigncoursefulltime.TwoyearslaterIgotmydiploma.ThelastfewyearshavebeenexcitingbecauseIhavebeenfollowingmyhearttodowhatIlove.TodayI'mlivingacreativelifeasthedesignerofmyownfashionbrand.17.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A.Flexible. B.Boring. C.Pleasant. D.Endless.18.Whatdidtheauthordotogetbacktohercreativelife?A.Shequitherjobandtookthefashiondesigncoursefulltime.B.Shegotajobandattendedapart-timesewingcourse.C.Shesuccessfullybuiltupherownfashionbrand.D.Shetooksewingandfashiondesigncoursesfulltime.19.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tosharehergreatachievementwithus.B.Toappealtoustoliveacreativelifeandmakechanges.C.Toinspireustofollowourheartanddowhatwereallylike.D.Toconvinceusofthevitalimportanceofcreativityandenthusiasm.6CybercrimereferstoanycriminaloffencerelatedtotheInternet.Internetcrimeshavebeenclassifiedintofourcategories.First,theycanberelatedtoalackofproperInternetsecurity,suchasdownloadingordeletingotherpeople’sfileswithoutpermission,andspreadingcomputerviruses.Thesecondarecrimesusuallycommittedwithoutacomputer,butcanoccurovertheInternet.ForsomecriminalsusetheInternettocheatothersoftheirmoney.Third,websiteswhichoffenseinformationorencouragehatredandviolencearenamed.Last,therearerelatedtointellectualproperty(intellectualpropertyisadesign,patent,book,etc.lawpreventsotherpeoplefromcopying).AllInternetusersareaffectedbycybercrimeinonewayoranother.However,crimeagainstaprivateorganizationintheUSA,showedthat45.6percentofthe351biggestcompanygovernmentagencieshadhadtheirsecuritysystemsbrokenintointhepreviousyear.Securityconsultantstellusthatcybercrimeiscostingfirmsworldwidehundredsofbillionsofdollarsevery.Consideringhowbadthesituationwithcybercrimeagainstcompanieshasbecome,manypeoplewonderwhysolittleisknownaboutthis.Themainreasonisthatmostcybercrimeisnotreported.