高考英语阅读理解讲解课件

考试题型精讲阅读理解第一节

考试大纲解读考试大纲解读题量：共3篇文章，每个文章后有5个小题，共15小题，满分30分要求：读懂书、报、杂志中难度中等的一般性话题的简短文段以及信函、技术、说明书、合同等简短实用文字材料题目难度：①英文原版材料，包括报纸、杂志、书籍、学术期刊，难度适中②对说明文、应用文、议论文和记叙文考察③事实细节题和推理判断题为重点考试大纲解读①理解主旨要义②理解文中具体信息③根据上下文推断单词、短语和句子含义④做出推理和判断⑤理解文章的基本结构主旨大意题细节理解题词汇猜测题推理判断题主旨大意题考试大纲解读⑥理解作者的意图、观点和态度⑦快速查找相关信息观点态度题细节理解题考试大纲解读（应试方法）1、精读和泛读相结合，坚持每天精读一篇专升本阅读文章方式：查出里面的生词、短语，分析长难句，积累写作常用句型2、朗读文章，提高语感3、先看题，后看文，根据题目定位文章所在段落4、先易后难，保证细节理解题拿满分考试大纲解读（文章体裁）应用文：日常生活中或工作中经常使用的一种文体说明文：以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理的一种文体议论文：对某个问题、观点或某件事情进行分析、评论、表明自己的观点、立场、态度、意见的一种文体记叙文：写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容的一种文体信函、说明书、合同、广告、启事、海报社会文化、风俗习惯教育教学、幽默笑话科学技术、政治经济考试题型精讲阅读理解第二节

解题方法和题型讲解不同体裁阅读方法应用文：掌握文章主旨大意和主要细节说明文：结构：总分、分总、总分总注意面积、重量、数量、温度、距离等数字议论文：论点、论据、论证结论最重要不同体裁阅读方法记叙文：写人、叙事、写景、状物人物特征、情节、事件发生地点时间和结局阅读方法skimming略读：了解文章的大意和要点scanning精读：理解文章具体细节侧重：1、首句、首段、（往往中心、论点、主题）尾段2、语篇标志词（举例、比较、转折、因果、时间、地点、目的、条件、结论）题型（细节理解题）提问方式：Accordingtothepassage,where/when/why/how/who/what/which...？Wecanseethatchildrenunder17intheUK...ThestudyatZhejiangUniversityfoundthat...Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?Accordingtoparagraphone,whichstatementisnottrue?题型（细节理解题）直接细节题：5w+1h提问：where/who/why/when/who/which+how是非题:TrueFalseNottrue/correctNotfalseNottrueexceptNotmentioned方法：原文定位比对方法：排除法题型（细节理解题）GreeceIfyouareofferedacakeonNewYear’sDayinGreece,youmayneedtoughteeth,becauseyoumaygetthepiecewithacoin.AsJanuary1stisalsoSaintBasil’sDayinGreece,youwillhaveafullluckyyear.WhatmightGreeksfindinSt.Basil’sCakeonNewYear’sDay?A.AgrapeB.AringC.AcoinD.AtoothC题型（细节理解题）SpainPeopleinSpainhaveauniquewaytocelebrateNewYear'sDay.Itisacustomtoeat12grapesatmidnightonNewYear'sEve,inthecomingyear.Ifyouareabletogetallofthemintoyourmouth,allofyourwisheswillcometrue!EatinggrapesonNewYear'sEveisacustomin______.A.GreeceB.IrelandC.SpainD.DenmarkC题型（细节理解题）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?A.MenworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamilyB.ThewomanmademostofthedecisionsC.ThewomanstayedathometocareforthechildrenD.Themanpaidthebills题型（细节理解题）Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,theypaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,thehouse,andotherfamilyneeds,themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?A.Menworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily题型（细节理解题）Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,theypaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,thehouse,andotherfamilyneeds,themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?B.Thewomanmademostofthedecisionstheman题型（细节理解题）Inthetraditionalmarriage,thewomanseldomworkedawayfromthehouse.Shestayedathometocareforthechildrenandherhusband.Shecookedmeals,cleanedthehouse,washedtheclothes,anddidotherhousework.Herjobathomewasveryimportant.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?C.Thewomanstayedathometocareforthechildren题型（细节理解题）Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,theypaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,thehouse,andotherfamilyneeds,themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?D.Themanpaidthebills题型（细节理解题）Menandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingexceptto_______A.marryortostaysingleB.workorstayathomeC.leavetheirjobjustbecausetheyhavechildrenD.havetheirrolesthatarecomfortableforthem题型（细节理解题）Therearetwoimportantdifferencesinmaleandfemalerolesnow.(Oneisthatbothmenandwomenhavemanymorechoices.Theymaychoosetomarryortostaysingle.Theymaychoosetoworkorstayathome.Bothmenandwomenmaychooserolesthatarecomfortableforthem.Menandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingexceptto_______A.marryortostaysingleB.workorstayathome题型（细节理解题）Therearetwoimportantdifferencesinmaleandfemalerolesnow.(Oneisthatbothmenandwomenhavemanymorechoices.Theymaychoosetomarryortostaysingle.Theymaychoosetoworkorstayathome.Bothmenandwomenmaychooserolesthatarecomfortableforthem.Menandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingexceptto_______C.leavetheirjobjustbecausetheyhavechildrenD.havetheirrolesthatarecomfortableforthemC题型（细节理解题）直接细节题：原因结果类Theauthorarguesthat...because_______.Why...?标志词：because(of),why,because,thanksto,contributeto,leadto,cause,resultin,accountfor,sothat,so...原因题型（细节理解题）Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,”Kerrigansaid.“Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels(细高跟),butjustashadforyourknees.”...Weknowthatwomenchoosewideheelsbecause_____.A.theywanttowalkcomfortablyB.wideheeledshoesarecheaperthanstilettoheelsC.wideheelsdolessharmtokneesD.wideheelsarenotpainfulatallA题型（细节理解题）直接细节题：数字计算提问：when,inwhichyear,howmuch/many注意一些特殊词汇：decade十年fornight两周double两倍triple三倍couple两个score二十dozen十二off减价discount折扣TherobotBuddycanprotectthehomeandcallaperson’sphoneifthereisafire.Manyoftherobotshavecamerassoyouknowthatsomeoneisslidingintoyourhome.Duetoitsconvenienceandsafety,Buddywillbeusedinmanyhousesinthefuture.正误并存；半对半错AWhatdoweknowabout“Buddy”?A.Buddygointodifferentfamilies.B.Buddyisequippedwithspecialeyestoprotectitself.C.Buddycansafeguardthehomeandsoundthefirealarm.D.Buddyhasanadvantageoversmartproducts.Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.以偏概全，过于夸大WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.B题型（细节理解题）间接细节题：同义替换：近义词复现（crucial=important=significant=essential）正话反说（noteasy=difficult）同源词替换（education，educate，educator）简化复杂表达（Iamfondofsports=Ilikesports）题型（细节理解题）ScientistshavedevelopedDNAtestingtohelptokeeptrackofanimalsthatarehardtospot,includingendangeredanimals.WhatcouldthenewmethodhelpscientistsaccordingtoParagraph1？

A.Torecordanimaltypes.B.Toidentifyrareanimalspecies.C.Tocountanimalnumbers.D.Totracethehard-to-spotanimals.D题型（词汇猜测题）Theword“...”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“

”Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“...”inParagraph1mean?Thesentence“...”（Para.3）canbereplacedby“

”Theunderlinedword“...”mostprobablymeans______.Theunderlinedword“it”inthepassagerefersto______.题型（词汇猜测题）定义法标志词：mean,referto,beconsideredas/tobe,represent原文：...is/was...,冒号，破折号题型（词汇猜测题）Almosteverysocietynowhasamoneyeconomybasedoncoinsandbillsofonekindoranother.However,thishasnotalwaysbeentrue.Inprimitivesocietiesasystemofbarterwasused.Barterwasasystemofdirectexchangeofgoods.Barterheremeans________.A．exchanginggoodsformoney

B．exchangingasheepforanythinginthemarketC．exchanginggoodsforgoods

D．exchangingmoneyforgoodsC题型（词汇猜测题）近义复述法方法：根据上下文复述中获取某一单词、短语或句子相关信息常见：同位语复述（n.,a/an/the...）定语从句复述（n.which/thatis）题型（词汇猜测题）Youmaynothaveheardthewords"freshmanfifteen"before,buttheyareveryimportantforstudentswhoareenteringuniversity.Afreshmanisafirst-yearcollegestudent."Fifteen"referstofifteenpounds—thefifteenpoundsaddedtoastudent'sweightinhisorherfirstyear.题型（词汇猜测题）The"freshmanfifteen"is______.A.weightthathighschoolstudentsgain

B.weightthatfirst-yearuniversitystudentsmaygainC.fifteenpoundsoffoodthatfirst-yearstudentseatD.fifteenstudentswhoeatunhealthyfoodBJackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.Floristheremeans________.A.apersonsellingflowersB.apersonkeepingtheshopC.apersonbuyingflowersD.apersontalkingaboutflowers题型（词汇猜测题）A题型（词汇猜测题）对比转折法标志词：whether...or...,unlike,but,yet,however,while,although,though,insteadof,ratherthan,onthecontrary,otherwise注意：前后语意相反题型（词汇猜测题）Manypeoplemaythinkachild’sbirthdaypartyishassle;however,itcanbeaveryinterestingevent,accordingtoBethAnacleria,amotheroftwochildren,aged4yearsoldand18monthsoldrespectively.“Havingapartyathimeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparentsandoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn’thavetobethatway,”saidAaclerio.题型（词汇猜测题）Theunderlinedword“hassle”mostlikelymeans“

”A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguestsC题型（词汇猜测题）举例法：标志词：forexample,forinstance,like,suchas,thatistosay,namely,e.g.注意：后面例子是分，前面观点是总，看例子定观点含义题型（词汇猜测题）Drivingacarorusingelectricityisnotwrong.Wejusthavetobesmartaboutit.Somepeopleuselessenergybycarpooling.Forexample,fourpeoplecanridetogetherinonecarinsteadofdrivingfourcarstowork.Wheneverweuseelectricity,weputgreenhousegasesintotheair.Byturningofflights,thetelevisionandthecomputerwhentheyaren’tneeded,youcanhelpalot.Theunderlinedword“carpooling”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans

.A.sharingacarB.pullingacarC.sellingacarD.improvingacarA题型（词汇猜测题）并列猜词：标志词：and，or，aswellas,togetherwith注意：前后词性和词义相似题型（词汇猜测题）AISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinone-suchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolfers-toothers,suchasswimmingandsquash.Theword“squash“isclosestinmeaningto“

”A.tostopsomeonefromcontinuingB.topushsomeoneintoaspaceC.topresssomethingsothatitbecomessoftD.agamefortwoplayerstoplayinacourtsurroundedbyfourwallsD题型（词汇猜测题）指代对应：常见：it,that,he,itself,these,those,they,them注意：往前后句找指代，一般距离不远题型（词汇猜测题）Sheila,aged59,says,"Ijoinedtoseewhatmygrandchildrenaredoing,asmydaughterpostsvideosandphotosofthem.It'samuchbetterwaytoseewhatthey'redoingthanwaitingforlettersandphotosinthepost.That'showwediditwhenIwasachild,butIthinkI'mluckyIgettoseesomuchmoreoftheirlivesthanmygrandparentsdid."Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”referto?A.Beingluckytovisitgrandparents.B.Postingvideosandphotos.C.Waitingforlettersandphotosinthepast.D.Hearingfromtheirgrandparents.C题型（推理判断题）Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat______.Whatdoestheimagethattheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?Thestatementsuggeststhat______.Itcanbeinferred/concludedthat...Wecanlearn/knowfromthepassagethat...Whatmightbediscussedfollowingthepassage?题型（推理判断题）忠于原文，只推一步干扰项特征：①原文重述②出现绝对词：only,never,all,absolutely相对保守词：often,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably③常识判断正确题型（推理判断题）ButCatherineWinter,managingdirectoroffinancialcapabilityatTheLondonInstituteofBankingandFinance,warnsthatwhiledigitaltoolscanhelp,thereneedstobeamorestructuredapproachtofinancialeducation.Theareashould'haveregularclassroomtimeandshouldbetaughtasaseparatesubject,”shesays.WhatdoesCatherineWintersuggestregardingfinancialeducation?A.Itshouldbewellorganized.

B.Itshouldbedoneincyberspace.C.Itshouldbeprovidedbyparents.

D.Itshouldbeaself-taughtsubject.A题型（观点态度题）Whatisthetone/moodofthepassage?Theauthor’sattitudetowards...mightbesummarizedas/seemstobe______.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowards...?Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?全文态度局部态度局部态度局部态度题型（观点态度题）分类：主观或客观、肯定或否定、积极或消极方法：牢记常考词汇注意题目考察局部还是整体态度关注文章中动词或形容词题型（观点态度题）赞成：supportive赞成的favorable喜欢的positive积极的optimistic乐观的hopeful有希望的appreciative欣赏的confident自信的sympathetic同情的respective尊重的cooperative合作的中性：（必错词汇）ambiguous模棱两可的uncertain不确定的cautious小心的indifferent莫不关心的，冷漠的uncaring不在乎的

objective客观的neutral中立的反对：doubtful怀疑的disapproving不赞同的skeptical怀疑的critical批判的negative消极的（必错词汇）puzzled困惑的subjective主观的biased有偏见的△Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark……Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults…Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark…Thegovernmentspent…Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone....TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.BRacewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes…It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour…However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,DrNorbergsays…

Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.B题型（主旨大意题）Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassageis

.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？Thebesttitleofthepassagewouldbe

.全文主旨全文主旨全文主旨局部主旨全文主旨如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（1）Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.主题句在文首：开头主题+论证性细节。文体：应用文书信说明文科技文献新闻报道如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（2）Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.主题句在文中：例子/问题（铺垫）—主题提出—进一步解释说明文体：说明文科技文献研究报告提示词归纳：转折关系的词----后：but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,actually,

indeed,...总结性，结论性的词----后：in

brief，inshort,

afterall,all

in

all,tosumup,in

conclusion,

inaword,so,therefore表研究成果的词----内容:show,indicate,suggest,accordingto...举例子的词----前:forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample,...如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（3）Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.主题句在文末：事实依据—层层推理—得出结论（主题）文体：广告类哲理性故事总结：如何寻找主题句：常考三种结构：（1）总——分：主题句在段首（2）分——总：主题句在段尾（3）分——总——分：主题句在中间如何寻找主题句：特点：概括性（4）Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller，cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?主题句在首尾：主题—进一步引申—主题（5）Everyone

can

experience

anger

sometimes.

But

not

everyone

can

control

itproperly.

To

some

people,

controlling

anger

seems

like

the

hardest

thing

in

the

world

to

do.

Control

these

bytalking

to

yourself

in

your

own

mind,

when

you

experience

unwanted

feeling.

By

talking

it

over

in

your

ownhead

you

can

work

out

how

you

will

best

deal

with

the

situation.Anger

control

can

also

be

achieved

bycommunicatingwithotherswith

honesty.You

can

effectively

train

yourself

to

respond

to

situations

without

getting

annoyed

about

things.

It

is

important

to

rememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangry

and

therefore,controllingitistherealchallenge.高频词：围绕某个主题展开的---反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词反复强调的是重点，重点是考点文体：议论文技巧：（1）段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句。（2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。（3）作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。（4）表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词语。题型（主旨大意题）Imaginewalkingthroughsomeone'sapartment.Theroomsarealmostempty,andtheonlypieceoffurnitureisasimpletableandfoldedsofa.Therearenodecorativeobjectslyingaround—justtheessentials.Youopentheclosettofindyoucancountthenumberofclothingitemsinsideononehand.Thespaceseemsmorelikeaprisoncellthanahomeandyoumaythinktheresidentcannotaffordtobuymorethingstofilltheapartmentwith.Itturnsoutthattheapartment'sownerisaminimalistwhochoosestolimithisnumberofbelongings.Minimalismgoesagainstconsumersocietybydramaticallyreducingpossessions.Minimalistsfollowthisphilosophytovaryingdegrees,buttheygenerallyclaimthatcuttingbackonexcessstuffleadstoamorefulfillinglife.题型（主旨大意题）Theparagraphmainlydiscussesthat

.A.minimalistslovedecorativeobjectsB.minimalistscannotaffordtheessentialsC.minimali