英语教学综合专硕考研王蔷《英语教学法教程》考研真题集

英语教学综合专硕考研王蔷《英语教学法教程》考研真题集一、语言和语言学习Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.1.Accordingtothe_____theoryrepresentedbyVygotsky,learningisbestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearnerandbetweenlearners.（山东师范大学2018研）【答案】socio-constructivist@~！【解析】本题考查的是社会建构主义理论的观点。以维果茨基为代表的社会建构主义理论认为学习的最佳途径是师生之间以及学生之间的活跃互动。2.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasa_____systembutalsoameansfordoingthings.（安徽师范大学2015研）【答案】linguistic@~！【解析】本题考查的是功能主义语言理论。该种语言理论不仅将语言视作语言系统，还将它看作一种方法。3.Thereareatleastthreetheoreticalviewsoflanguageandthenatureoflanguageproficiency.Thefirstis______,thesecondis______andthethirdis______.（天津师范大学2012研）【答案】structuralview，functionalview，interactionalview@~！【解析】本题考查的是语言理论。语言理论有三种，分别是结构主义语言理论、功能主义结构理论和交互式语言理论。4.Theconstructivisttheorybelievesthat_____isaprocessinwhichlearnersconstructmeaningbasedontheirownexperiencesandwhattheyalreadyknow.（山东师范大学2017研）【答案】learning@~！【解析】本题考查的是建构主义学习理论的观点。建构主义认为：学习是学习者依据已有经验和已有知识建构意义的过程。5._____theoriesemphasizethenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontextinwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace,suchasthenumberofstudents,thekindofinputlearnersreceive,andtheatmosphere.【答案】Condition-oriented@~！【解析】以（学习）条件为导向的理论注重人的本质和语言学习的物理环境，如学生的人数，学习者接收的语言输入类型，以及学习气氛。6.The_____theoryoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehaviouralpsychologistSkinner.【答案】behaviourist@~！【解析】语言学习的行为主义理论是由行为主义心理学家斯金纳提出的。7.Skinnersuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformof_____.【答案】behaviour@~！【解析】斯金纳认为，语言也是一种行为。8.Theterm_____isoftenusedlooselytodescribemethodsinwhichstudentsareaskedtothinkratherthansimplyrepeat.【答案】cognitivism@~！【解析】认知主义常用于描述那些需要学生思考而不只是重复的教学方法。9.AccordingtoChomsky,languageisnotaformofbehaviour,itisanintricate_____systemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthelearningofthissystem.【答案】rule-based@~！【解析】乔姆斯基认为，语言并不是一种行为，而是一套精密的以规则为基础的系统，语言习得主要是学习这一系统。10.The_____theorybelievesthatlearningisaprocessinwhichthelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhathe/shealreadyknows.【答案】constructivist@~！【解析】建构主义认为，语言学习是学习者基于自己的知识和经验建构意义的过程。11._____theoryemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontext.【答案】Socio-constructivist@~！【解析】社会建构主义理论注重学习者在社会环境中使用目的语进行互动（的能力）。12.Themostimportantandmostdifficultpartofthemakingofagoodlanguageteacheristhedevelopmentof_____.【答案】professionalcompetence@~！【解析】成为一位优秀的语言教师最重要也是最难的是职业能力的发展。13.Wallaceusesa_____todemonstratethedevelopmentofprofessionalcompetence.【答案】‘reflectivemodel’@~！【解析】华莱士采用一个“反思模型”来解释（教师）职业技能的发展。14.Inlanguageteaching,methodologyisthestudyofthepracticesandproceduresusedinteaching,andthe_____and_____thatunderliethem.【答案】principles，beliefs@~！【解析】语言教学的方法论是指对语言教学实践和步骤，及其背后的原则和观念的研究。15.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasa_____systembutalsoa_____fordoingthings.【答案】linguistic，means/tool@~！【解析】功能主义语言观认为语言不仅仅是一套语言系统，还是一套做事的工具。16.Thewaylanguageteachersteachintheclassroomistosomeextentinfluencedbythewaythey_____languages.【答案】learned@~！【解析】语言教师学习语言的方式从某种程度上影响他们的课堂教学方式。17.Differentviewsonlanguagegeneratedifferent_____.【答案】teachingmethodologies@~！【解析】对语言的不同观点会产生不同的教学方法。18.Inthepastcentury,languageteachingandlearningpracticehasbeeninfluencedbythreedifferentviewsoflanguage:the_____view,the_____viewandthe_____view.【答案】structural，functional，interactional@~！【解析】上世纪的语言教学和语言学习受三种语言观的影响：结构主义，功能主义，交互主义。19._____theoriesareconcernedwithhowthemindorganisesnewinformationsuchashabitformation,induction,makinginference,hypothesistestingandgeneralization.【答案】Process-oriented@~！【解析】以（认知）过程为导向的理论力图解释大脑怎样组织新信息，如习惯的形成，归纳，推断，假设的验证，以及概括。Ⅱ.MultipleChoice1._____emphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontext.（江苏大学2018研）A.BehaviouristtheoryB.CognitivetheoryC.CognitiveconstructivismD.Socialconstructivism【答案】D@~！【解析】本题考查的是有关语言学习理论的知识点。其中社会建构主义理论强调在社会情境中与目标语言的互动，因此正确答案为D。2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTbasedonthedefinitionoflanguage?A.Syllabusdesign.B.Teachingstyle.C.Teachingmethodology.D.Assessmentproceduresintheclassroom.【答案】B@~！【解析】语言的定义是教学大纲设计（syllabusdesign）、教学方法（teachingmethodology）、课堂教学和测评程序（teachingandassessmentproceduresintheclassroom）的基础。教师的教学风格虽与教师对语言的理解有关，但不是以语言的定义为基础的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutaudio-lingualmethod?A.Itisnotusedintheworldtoday.B.Languageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.C.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected.D.Correctutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.【答案】A@~！【解析】听说法是语言教学法的一种。它认为语言是通过不断的重复和教师的加强学习的。在听说法教学中，教师会立即指出学生的语言错误，立即表扬学生的正确言语。听说法仍然在世界的许多地方被采用。因此，本题的正确答案为A。4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthequalityofagoodlanguageteacher?A.Ethicdevotion.B.Desirablepersonalstyles.C.Goodeducationalbackground.D.Necessaryprofessionalqualities.【答案】C@~！【解析】一位优秀的语言教师具有三个方面的素养：良好的职业道德，优秀的个性，以及必备的职业技能。其中，职业技能的发展对于一位优秀的语言教师是最重要也是最难的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouthowpeoplelearnaforeignlanguage?A.Peoplestartedlearningaforeignlanguageatdifferentages.B.Peoplelearnlanguagesfordifferentreasons.C.Peoplelearnlanguagesinthesameway.D.Leaningcanbeaffectedbythewayhowlanguageistaught.【答案】C@~！【解析】调查发现，人们开始学习一门外语的年龄是不同的，人们学习外语的原因也是不同的，而且人们学习语言的方式也不同。同时，语言的学习受语言教学方式的影响。因此，本题的正确答案为C。Ⅲ.TrueorFalse1.Theanswerto“Whatislanguage”isthebasisofsyllabusdesign,teachingmethodology,teachingandassessmentproceduresintheclassroom.（江苏大学2018研）【答案】T@~！【解析】本题考查的是语言观点的知识点。语言是教学大纲设计，教学法以及课堂教学与评估步骤的基础。因此该表述正确。2.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingAudiolingualismisbehaviorism.（天津师范大学2011研）【答案】T@~！【解析】本题考查的是听说语言学的基础。听说法是行为主义学习理论得到的有影响的结果，也为听说语言学的发展奠定了基础。因此该表述正确。3.JohnDeweybelievedthatteachingshouldbebuiltbasedonwhatlearnersalreadyknewandengagelearnersinlearningactivities.【答案】T@~！【解析】约翰·杜威认为，教学应该基于学习者已有的知识结构，让学习者参与到学习活动中。4.Whethersomeonecanbecomeagoodforeignlanguageteacherdoesnotsolelydependonhis/hercommandofthelanguage.【答案】T@~！【解析】一个人能否成为优秀的外语教师不仅仅取决于他（或她）对这门语言的掌握（程度）。5.Teachersbenefitfrompracticeiftheykeeponreflectingonwhattheirwork.【答案】T@~！【解析】教师如果持续反思（教学）工作就能从教学实践中获益。6.InKrashen’sMonitorModelofsecondlanguagedevelopment,learningisnotconsciousanddoesnotoccurinformalsituationsorthroughformalgrammaticalrules,whileacquisitionisaconsciousprocessmarkedbythepresenceoferrorcorrectionandruleisolation.【答案】F@~！【解析】克拉申认为学习（learning）是一个有意识的过程，表现在修正错误（errorcorrection）和孤立规则（ruleisolation），而习得（acquisition）是一个无意识的过程。7.Theinteractionalviewoflanguagedoesnotconsiderlanguageasacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.【答案】F@~！【解析】交互主义语言观认为语言是一种交际工具，其主要用途是建立和维持人与人之间的社会关系。8.Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems.【答案】T@~！【解析】结构主义语言观认为语言是由多个子系统构成的语言系统。9.Generally,alanguagesystemincludesthreeaspects:pronunciation,grammarandvocabulary.【答案】T@~！【解析】语言系统一般包括三个方面：语音、语法和词汇。10.Theinfluentialresultofthebehaviourismistheaudio-lingualmethod.【答案】T@~！【解析】听说法的产生是结构主义的影响的结果。11.Skinnersuggestedthatlanguagecanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.【答案】T@~！【解析】斯金纳认为学习语言与训练动物对刺激进行反应是一样的。12.Chomskyagreedthatlanguageisaformofbehaviour.【答案】F@~！【解析】乔姆斯基不同意行为主义的观点，即他认为语言不是一种行为。Ⅳ.Explainthefollowingterms.1.Naturalapproach（首都师范大学2016研）Key:ThenaturalapproachisamethodoflanguageteachingdevelopedbyStephenKrashenandTracyTerrellinthelate1970sandearly1980s.Itaimstofosternaturalisticlanguageacquisitioninaclassroomsetting,andtothisenditemphasizescommunication,andplacesdecreasedimportanceonconsciousgrammarstudyandexplicitcorrectionofstudenterrors.Effortsarealsomadetomakethelearningenvironmentasstress-freeaspossible.Inthenaturalapproach,languageoutputisnotforced,butallowedtoemergespontaneouslyafterstudentshaveattendedtolargeamountsofcomprehensiblelanguageinput.2.Socio-constructivisttheory（安徽师范大学2015研）Key:Socio-constructivisttheoryreferstoakindoflanguagelearningtheory.Itemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontextbasedontheconceptof“ZoneofProximalDevelopment”andscaffolding.Inotherwords,learningisbestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearnerandbetweenlearners.Withtheteacher’sscaffoldingthroughquestionsandexplanations,orwithamorecapablepeer’ssupport,thelearnercanmovetoahigherlevelofunderstandingandextendhis/herskillsandknowledgetothefullestpotential.3.Structuralviewoflanguage（天津师范大学2010研）Key:Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:thesoundsystem(phonology),thediscreteunitsofmeaningproducedbysoundcombinations(morphology),andthesystemofcombiningunitsofmeaningforcommunication(syntax).Eachlanguagehasafinitenumberofsuchstructuralitems.Tolearnalanguagemeanstolearnthesestructuralitemssoastobeabletounderstandandproducelanguage.Whenthisstructuralviewoflanguagewascombinedwiththestimulus-responseprinciplesofbehavioristicpsychology,theaudio-lingualapproachtolanguagelearningemerged.4.Behaviorism（首都师范大学2014研）Key:Asforthebehavioristtheory,itisbasedonastimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology,andproposedbybehavioralpsychologistSkinner.Hesuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferredtoasbehaviorism.Oneinfluentialresultistheaudio-lingualmethod,whichinvolvesendless“listenandrepeat”drillingactivities.Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.Thismethodisstillusedinmanypartsoftheworldtoday.5.InteractionalviewKey:Theinteractionalviewconsiderslanguagetobeacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationbetweenpeople.6.PseudopracticeKey:Pseudopracticeisashortperiodoftimeassignedtodoteachingpracticeaspartofone’spre-serviceeducation,usuallyunderthesupervisionofinstructors.7.ScaffoldingKey:Itisaprocessthatenablesachildornovicetosolveaproblem,carryoutatask,orachieveagoalthatwouldbebeyondhisunassistedefforts.8.MethodologyKey:Methodologyisthedevelopmentofprinciplesandproceduresforselecting,sequencing,andjustifyinglearningtasksandactivities.9.ApproachesKey:Approachesaregeneralphilosophicalorientationstolanguageteaching.Ⅴ.Shortanswerquestions1.Theinfluenceofbehaviorismonsecondlanguageteaching（山东师范大学2018研）Key:(1)BehaviorismoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehavioralpsychologistSkinner,whoappliedWatsonandRaynor’stheoryofconditioningtothewayhumansacquirelanguageBasedontheirexperiments,WatsonandRaynorformulatedastimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology.Inthistheoryallcomplexformsofbehavior—motions,habits,andsuch—areseenascomposedofsimplemuscularandglandularelementsthatcanbeobservedandmeasured.Theyclaimedthatemotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthatyoucantrainananimaltodoanything(withinreason)ifyoufollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages,stimulus,response,andreinforcement.(2)Basedonthetheoryofconditioning,Skinnersuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferredtoasbehaviorism,whichwasadoptedforsometimebythelanguageteachingprofession,particularlyintheU.S.Oneinfluentialresultistheaudio-lingualmethod,whichinvolvesendless‘listenandrepeat’drillingactivities.Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.Thismethodisstillusedinmanypartsoftheworldtoday.2.Analyzeteacherrole(s)inTotalPhysicalResponse.（首都师范大学2018研）Key:Totalphysicalresponse(TPR)isalanguageteachingmethoddevelopedbyJamesAsher.Itisbasedonthecoordinationoflanguageandphysicalmovement.InTPR,Teachersasinstructorsgivecommandstostudentsinthetargetlanguagewithbodymovements,andstudentsrespondwithwhole-bodyactions.Themethodisanexampleofthecomprehensionapproachtolanguageteaching.Thelisteningandresponding(withactions)servestwopurposes:Itisameansofquicklyrecognizingmeaninginthelanguagebeinglearned,andameansofpassivelylearningthestructureofthelanguageitself.Grammarisnottaughtexplicitlybutcanbelearnedfromthelanguageinput.Besides,teachersasdemonstratorsbecausewhenteachersgivesentencesasinstructionsforactions,theyfirstdemonstratestheseactionsthemselves;thentheychoosemembersoftheclasstodothem.3.ExplainWatsonandRaynor’stheoryofconditioninginyourownwords.Key:Basedontheirexperiments,WatsonandRaynorformulatedastimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology,i.e.thetheoryofconditioning.Inthistheoryallcomplexformsofbehavior—motions,habits,andsuch—areseenascomposedofsimplemuscularandglandularelementsthatcanbeobservedandmeasured.AccordingtoWatsonandRaynor,emotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthatananimalcanbetrainedtodoanything(withinreason)iftrainersfollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages:stimulus,response,andreinforcement.Ⅵ.EssayquestionsCanyoubrieflyexplainWallace’s‘reflectivemodel’todemonstratethedevelopmentofprofessionalcompetenceofaforeignlanguageteacher?Key:Yes.InWallace’s‘reflectivemodel’,thedevelopmentofprofessionalco