环境专业英语-8-PART-2-3

PART2ATMOSPHERICCHEMISTRYANDAIRPOLLUTION&CONTROL1Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlBiofiltration:AnInnovativeAirPollutionControlTechnologyforVOCEmissionsTheconceptofusingmicroorganismsfortheremovalofenvironmentallyundesirablecompoundsbybiodegradationhasbeenwellestablishedintheareaofwastewatertreatmentforseveraldecades.2[,baiəu,fɪl‘treɪʃn]n.生物过滤filtrationn.过滤；筛选[,maɪkro‘ɔrgən,ɪzəm]n.微生物(Page63,paragraph1)['ɪnəvətɪv]adj.革新的,创新的挥发性有机化合物Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl[,ʌndɪ‘zaɪərəbl]n./adj.不良的;不受欢迎的[‘baɪəʊ,deɡrə’deɪʃən]n.生物降解3Biofiltration:AnInnovativeAirPollutionControlTechnologyforVOCEmissionsTheconceptofusingmicroorganismsfortheremovalofenvironmentallyundesirablecompoundsbybiodegradationhasbeenwellestablishedintheareaofwastewatertreatmentforseveraldecades.生物过滤微生物(Page63,paragraph1)创新的挥发性有机化合物Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl不良的生物降解4

直到…才(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlNotuntilrecently,

however,

havebiologicaltechnologiesbeenseriouslyconsideredintheUnitedStatesfortheremovalofpollutantsfromotherenvironmentalmedia.5Moreover,

whilebioremediationtechniquesarenowbeingappliedsuccessfullyforthetreatmentofsoilandgroundwatercontaminatedbysyntheticorganics,

atpresentthereisverylittlepracticalexperiencewithbiologicalsystemsforthecontrolofaircontaminantsamongenvironmentalprofessionalsintheU.S..[,baɪorɪ,midi‘eʃən]n.生物修复;生物降解;生物除污(利用微生物净化有毒废物场或受污染水域等)['præktɪkl]adj.实际的；实用性的(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)[kən‘tæmənet]vt.污染[sɪn‘θɛtɪk]adj.合成的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl[prə‘fɛʃənl]n./adj.专业人员/专业的6Moreover,

whilebioremediationtechniquesarenowbeingappliedsuccessfullyforthetreatmentofsoilandgroundwatercontaminatedbysyntheticorganics,atpresentthereisverylittlepracticalexperiencewithbiologicalsystemsforthecontrolofaircontaminantsamongenvironmentalprofessionalsintheU.S..生物治理实际的(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)污染合成的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl专业人员7Infact,

fewenvironmentalprofessionalsinthiscountryappeartobeawarethat“biofiltration,”i.e.,thebiologicalremovalofaircontaminantsfromoff-gasstreamsinasolidphasereactor,

isnowawellestablishedairpollutioncontrol(APC)technologyinseveralEuropeancountries,

mostnotablyTheNetherlandsandGermany.n.出口气,排气;尾气;废气(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)[‘neðələndz]n.荷兰Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物过滤8Infact,

fewenvironmentalprofessionalsinthiscountryappeartobeawarethat“biofiltration,”i.e.,thebiologicalremovalofaircontaminantsfromoff-gasstreamsinasolidphasereactor,

isnowawellestablishedairpollutioncontrol(APC)technologyinseveralEuropeancountries,

mostnotablyTheNetherlandsandGermany.排气(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)荷兰adj.很少的；几乎没有的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物过滤9Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlfew、afew、little、alittle的区别和联系：few/afew用来修饰可数名词。few表示否定意义，“没有，几乎没有”afew表示有肯定意思，“有几个”little/alittle用来修饰不可数名词。little表示否定意思，“没有，几乎没有”alittle表示肯定意思，“有一点儿”

10Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlfew、afew、little、alittle

[辩析]

few与little作形容词用，都表示“几乎没有”，相当于一个否定词：few后面跟复数可数名词。e.g.fewbooksfewstudents

little后面跟单数不可数词。e.g.littlewaterlittlefood

afew与alittle都表示肯定的意思，指“有一点，有一些”：afew后加可数名词复数。alittle后加不可数名词单数。alittle与little也可以用作副词，表示“有点/稍稍/很少”:e.g.Shesleptlittlelastnight.11InEurope,

biofiltrationhasbeenusedsuccessfullytocontrolodors,

andbothorganicandinorganicairpollutantsthataretoxictohumans[airtoxics,aswellasvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC)fromavarietyofindustrialandpublicsectorsources].['vɒlətaɪl]n./adj.挥发性的(Page63,paragraph2)种种；各种各样的…[‘sɛktɚ]n.部门Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物过滤12InEurope,

biofiltrationhasbeenusedsuccessfullytocontrolodors,

andbothorganicandinorganicairpollutantsthataretoxictohumans[airtoxics,aswellasvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC)fromavarietyofindustrialandpublicsectorsources].挥发性的(Page63,paragraph2)部门Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物过滤13ThedevelopmentofbiofiltrationinWestGermany,mostofwhichtookplaceinthelate1970sandthe1980s,wasbroughtaboutbyacombinationofincreasinglystringentregulatoryrequirementsandfinancialsupportfromfederalandstategovernments.引起;使掉头(Page63,continuedonparagraph2)[‘strɪndʒənt]adj.严格的;严厉的;紧缩的;短缺的[ˈrɛɡjʊˌleɪtɔri]adj.管理的;控制的;调整的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物过滤14ThedevelopmentofbiofiltrationinWestGermany,mostofwhichtookplaceinthelate1970sandthe1980s,wasbroughtaboutbyacombinationofincreasinglystringentregulatoryrequirementsandfinancialsupportfromfederalandstategovernments.引起(Page63,continuedonparagraph2)严格的管理的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物过滤15TheexperiencesinEuropehavedemonstratedthatbiofiltrationhaseconomicandotheradvantagesoverexistingAPCtechnologies,

particularlyifappliedtooff-gasstreamsthatcontainonlylowconcentrations(typicallylessthan1000ppmasmethane)ofairpollutantsthatareeasilybiodegraded.[‘dɛmən’stret]v.证明[‘mɛθen]n.甲烷(Page63,continuedonparagraph2)空气污染控制百万分之…（partspermillion）Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物过滤16TheexperiencesinEuropehavedemonstratedthatbiofiltrationhaseconomicandotheradvantagesoverexistingAPCtechnologies,

particularlyifappliedtooff-gasstreamsthatcontainonlylowconcentrations(typicallylessthan1000ppmasmethane)ofairpollutantsthatareeasilybiodegraded.证明甲烷(Page63,continuedonparagraph2)空气污染控制Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物过滤17TheprincipalreasonswhybiofiltrationisnotpresentlywellrecognizedintheU.S.,

andhasbeenappliedinonlyafewcases,

appeartobealackofregulatoryprograms,littlegovernmentalsupportforresearchanddevelopment,andlackofdescriptionswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.…['prɪnsəpl]adj.主要的;资本的(Page63,paragraph3)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl管理的[dɪ'skrɪpʃən]n.描述,描写;类型;说明书18TheprincipalreasonswhybiofiltrationisnotpresentlywellrecognizedintheU.S.,

andhasbeenappliedinonlyafewcases,

appeartobealackofregulatoryprograms,littlegovernmentalsupportforresearchanddevelopment,andlackofdescriptionswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.…主要的(Page63,paragraph3)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl管理的19…Forexample,thefirstlargescalesystemforVOCcontrolinCalifornia,

abiofiltertotreatethanolemissionsfromaninvestmentfoundryinLosAngelesareaisbeingplannedwithco-fundingbytheSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrict(SCAQMD).Adetaileddescriptionofthissysterm,

andananalysisofitsperformanceareprovidedelsewhere.[bɪə'fɪltər]n.生物过滤器[‘faʊndri]n.铸造厂(Page64,paragraph1)[‘ɛθənɔl]n.乙醇[ɪn‘vɛstmənt]n.投资Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl挥发性有机污染物

南海岸空气质量管理区20…Forexample,thefirstlargescalesystemforVOCcontrolinCalifornia,

abiofiltertotreatethanolemissionsfromaninvestmentfoundryinLosAngelesareaisbeingplannedwithco-fundingbytheSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrict(SCAQMD).Adetaileddescriptionofthissysterm,

andananalysisofitsperformanceareprovidedelsewhere.生物过滤器铸造厂(Page64,paragraph1)乙醇投资Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl挥发性有机污染物

南海岸空气质量管理区21Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl由and连接两个名词或者代词作主语时，AandB分为以下四种情况：A、B表示不同的人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用复数形式：LiMingandZhangHuaaregoodstudents.A、B表示同一个人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式：Theturnerandfitterisundertwenty-five.and连接几个单数主语，主语由each、every、no、many等词修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数：Eachboyandeachgirlisinvited.Everyboyandgirlisinvited.A、B为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数：Alawandruleaboutprotectingenvironmenthasbeendrawnup.Breadandbutterisnutritious.22ThemajorobjectiveofthepresentpaperistoprovideacomprehensivereviewofimportantaspectsofbiofiltrationinordertomorewidelydisseminateaboutthisinnovativeAPCtechnology,

andtoencourageitsimplementationwhereappropriateintheU.S.

.…[ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv]n.综合的[əˈproprɪət;(forv.)əˈproprɪet]

adj.适当的；恰当的；合适的vt.占用，拨出(Page64,paragraph2)[dɪ‘sɛmɪnet]v.宣传;散布[ɪmplɪmen‘teɪʃ(ə)n]n.安装启用;实现Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl空气污染控制23ThemajorobjectiveofthepresentpaperistoprovideacomprehensivereviewofimportantaspectsofbiofiltrationinordertomorewidelydisseminateaboutthisinnovativeAPCtechnology,

andtoencourageitsimplementationwhereappropriateintheU.S.

.…综合的合适的(Page64,paragraph2)散布实现Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl空气污染控制24Suggestionstotreatodorousoff-gasesbybiologicalmethodscanbefoundinliteratureasearlyas1923whenBachdiscussedthebasicconceptofthecontrolofH2Semissionsfromsewagetreatmentplants.…['əʊd(ə)rəs]adj.香的;有气味的;难闻的[lɪtərəˌtʃʊr]n.文献[ˈsuɪdʒ]n.污水;下水道;(Page64,paragraph3)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl巴赫25Suggestionstotreatodorousoff-gasesbybiologicalmethodscanbefoundinliteratureasearlyas1923whenBachdiscussedthebasicconceptofthecontrolofH2Semissionsfromsewagetreatmentplants.…有气味的文献污水(Page64,paragraph3)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl巴赫26…TheirworkincludedthesuccessfulinstallationofseveralsoilfiltersatawastewatertreatmentplantnearSeattleanddemonstratedthatbiodegradationratherthansorptionaccountedfortheodorremoval.[‘ɪnstə’leʃən]n.安装;就职(Page64,paragraph4)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl27安装(Page64,paragraph4)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl…TheirworkincludedthesuccessfulinstallationofseveralsoilfiltersatawastewatertreatmentplantnearSeattleanddemonstratedthatbiodegradationratherthansorptionaccountedfortheodorremoval.28…SuccessfulsoilbedapplicationsintheU.S.includethecontrolofodorsfromrenderingplants,andthedestructionofpropaneandbutanereleasedfromanaerosolcanfillingoperation.['rɛndərɪŋ]n.翻译;表现;表演;描写;打底;（建筑物等）透视图(Page64,paragraph5)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlrenderingplant炼油厂Wikipedia:

Renderingisaprocessthatconvertswasteanimaltissueintostable,usablematerials.Renderingcanrefertoanyprocessingofanimalproductsintomoreusefulmaterials,or,morenarrowly,totherenderingofwholeanimalfattytissueintopurifiedfatslikelardortallow.[‘pro’pen]n.丙烷[‘bjʊten]n.丁烷气溶胶罐;喷罐29…SuccessfulsoilbedapplicationsintheU.S.includethecontrolofodorsfromrenderingplants,andthedestructionofpropaneandbutanereleasedfromanaerosolcanfillingoperation.炼油厂(Page64,paragraph5)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl丙烷丁烷气溶胶罐30Whilesoilbedshave