2023高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练十六阅读七选五-段尾句类

专题强化练（十六）阅读七选五——段尾句类Test1[2022·沈阳高三年级教学质量监测（一）]LighthousePlanningGoalsettingisanimportantpartofstayingactive，focusedandexcitedaboutthefuture.1Somegoalsinourlifeareclear，simpleandeasy.Forexample，tomakeahomemadedinnereverySundayissuchatypeofgoalforme.Toachieveit，Ionlyneedtocreatealistofsuppliestobuyandsetasidetimeaccordingtomyschedule.2Intermsofthesegoals，Ilovetheideaof“lighthouseplanning”.Inthistechnique，wereachagoalbyimaginingitasalighthouseinthedistance.It'sdarkaswegetinourboatsandwedon'tknowexactlyhowwe'regoingtogettothatbrightdestination.Butourlighthouseneverstopsflashinginthedistanceanditisneverentirelyoutofsight.3Nowthinkaboutyourlighthouseandidentifyit.4Forexample，youmightsetyourgoalas“Iwanttobecomemorecreative”.Identifyingyourlighthouseisawaytostartyourjourneywithbigpurposes.Butifyoulookaroundandrealizethatyourlighthouseisgettingfartherawayratherthancloser，youshouldredirectyourpathtoyourlighthouse.5Ifyou'veeverrowedaboat，youknowtherecanbeheadwindsandstormsalongyourjourney.Inthatcase，focusonthenextspotonthehorizoninsteadofpoweringthroughallthewaytotheend.A.Justgiveitatry.B.Don'twearyourselfout.C.Wecanmakeaplanthatwillgetusthere.D.Alighthouse­likegoalissomethingbroader.E.Sowestartrowinginthedirectionofthelight.F.However，somegoalsinourlifearebiggerandmorechallenging.G.Havinggoalsandkeepingmovingtothemispartofwalkingapositivepath.【语篇解读】“灯塔计划”是设定计划和目标的有效方式。通过“灯塔计划”，人们可以根据自己的实际情况调整计划，以更好地实现人生目标。1.解析：根据空处上句可知，设定目标能对未来保持积极、专注和兴奋。据此可知，空处进一步说明设定目标、朝着目标奋进的意义：是走在积极道路上的一部分。答案：G2.解析：通读第二段可知，该段主要介绍生活中明确的、简单的、容易实现的目标；结合空处下文可以推知，第三段介绍更远大、更具有挑战性的目标，且实现这种目标需要制定“灯塔计划”。答案：F3.解析：根据空处上句可知，灯塔在远处不停地闪烁，它从来不会离开我们的视线。结合常识可知，灯塔指引我们朝着光亮的地方划船前进。答案：E4.解析：根据上句可知，该处提醒我们应思考并确定灯塔目标；根据空后的“Identifyingyourlighthouse...bigpurposes”可知，确定灯塔目标是开启伟大目标之旅的一种方式。据此可知，空处说明灯塔目标更为广大。答案：D5.解析：根据空后内容可知，如果你曾经划过船，你就会知道，一路上可能会遇到逆风和暴风雨，那种情况下，关注地平线上的下一个地点，而不是一路快速划到终点。结合上文介绍的“如果目标离你更远而不是更近时，要改变方向”可以推知，空处说明不要把自己累坏。答案：BTest2（2022·南京第一学期六校联合体调研测试题）Whyweforget？Rememberingthingsisanimportantfunctionofourbrain—ifwecan'trecallhowtodosomething，wecan'tsurvive.Ifyouthinkaboutit，thereissomuchwehavetoremember—fromwhereweleaveourcarkeystohowwewalk.1Memoryallowsthebraintostoreandrecallinformationwhenrequired.Ourshort­termmemorycanholdasmallamountofinformationforashorttime，whileourlong­termmemorycanholdanunlimitedamountofinformationforalongtime.Ourmemoryisamazing，butwhydowestillforgetthings？Itmaybebecauseweareinarushorweconsideritirrelevantatthetime.Whenwedostoreinformation，weoftenmakeconnectionswithotherthings，whichhelpsusrecallitlater.2Itisalsopossiblethatmemoriesdeclineovertime.Ifyoudon'tperformataskforalongperiodoftime，itcanbedifficulttorecallhowtodoit.Thiscouldbebecauseourmemoryisfull，orthatourshort­termmemoryiseasiertoaccess.3Haveyouevergoneintoaroomtofetchsomethingonlytoforgetwhatyouwantedwhenyougotthere？Thisiscalled“TheDoorwayEffect”.Thisoccursbecausewechangeboththephysicalandmentalenvironments，movingtoadifferentroomandthinkingaboutmanydifferentthings.So，ifyouhaveamindlikeasieve（筛子），itcouldbebecauseyouhavetoomuchonyourmind.Butwedoneedtokeepourmemorysharpbycontinuallyusingit.4That'swhenwe'reatmoreriskofgettingAlzheimer'sdisease.However，forgettingisnotalwaysabadthing！Itwouldwastecognitiveresourcesifwerememberedeverydetailoftheworldaroundus.5.A.That'ssomethingworthremembering！B.Maybeit'snosurprisethatsometimesweareforgetful.C.Butsometimesevenourshort­termmemorycanletusdown.D.Ifyoudon'thavetheseconnections，thenitcanbeeasiertoforget.E.However，itiswidelyrecognizedthatshort­termmemorycanbeimproved.F.Wealsoneedsomementalrelaxationsuchaslisteningtosomeclassicalmusic.G.Beyondour50s，ourbrainstendtoshrinkinvolumeandourmemorybeginstodecline.【语篇解读】本文主要从科学角度介绍了“遗忘”背后的原因：太匆忙，或认为事物无关紧要，或不回忆等。但是遗忘并非坏事，我们如果记住周围世界的每一个细节，会浪费认知资源。1.解析：根据上句可知，我们需要记住的事情太多，再结合第二段最后一句及常识可以推知，有时遗忘某事并不奇怪。故B项符合语境。答案：B2.解析：根据上句可知，当我们存储信息时，我们经常会与其他事物建立联系，这有助于我们在以后回忆起它。所以D项“如果你没有这些联系，你就可能更容易遗忘”符合语境。故选D项。答案：D3.解析：上段最后一句提到了short­termmemory，下文介绍了短暂性记忆，即“门口效应”的例子：走进房间去取东西，结果到了房间却忘了自己想找什么。据此可知，C项内容能承上启下，故C项正确。答案：C4.解析：根据下句“That'swhenwe'reatmoreriskofgettingAlzheimer'sdisease”可知，这个时候我们患阿尔茨海默氏病的风险更大。据此可以推知，空处说明年龄增大记忆力减退的现象和原因，故G项正确。答案：G5.解析：根据上句中的“cognitiveresources”可知，遗忘并非总是坏事，记住所有细节则会浪费认知资源，据此可知，这点值得记住。故A项正确。答案：ATest3Openabookbyanyphilosopherandyou'llprobablyreadthatameaningfullifehastoinvolveachievingsomethingdifficult.That'sbecausemanyphilosophersareperfectionistswhenitcomestothemeaningoflife.It'snotjustphilosophers，either.Perfectionismisoneofthemainreasonswhypeopletendtobelievetheirlivesaremeaningless.1Iftheyaren'tdoingsomethingabsolutelyamazing，thenlifehasnomeaning.2Sotheconclusionisobvious：mostlivesaremeaningless.Right？Notreally.Digalittledeeper，andperfectionismfallsapart.Actuallyyoudon'tneedtobeaperfectionistaboutthemeaningoflife.Lifewouldbefantasticifeverythingwasperfect.Butsomethingdoesn'tneedtobeperfecttobefantastic.3Forone，it'sprettyinconsistentlyappliedmostofthetime.Peoplewhoareperfectionistsaboutthemeaningoflifeoftendon'tapplyittootherareasoftheirlives.4Forexample，perfectionistsdon'tthinkthey'reafailureiftheydon'tgetahundredpercentoneverytest.Soisn'titalsoabsurdtoapplythatkindofstandardtothemeaningoflife？Itdoesn'tendthere.Thedemandsthatperfectionistsplaceonthemselvesandothersareactuallyreallyunrealistic.Andthatmeanstheycanonlyleadtodisappointment.5Itwouldbesimilarlyoddtocalloneofyourfriendsahugefailurebecausehecan'tachieveasmuchinadayasasuperman.Andit'sexactlythelogicperfectionismwhenitisclaimedthatourliveshavetobeextraordinaryinsomewaytohavemeaning.A.Theyseelifeasanall­or­nothingsituation.B.Wedon'texpectadogtodriveacar.C.Thisleadstolotsofdoublestandards.D.You'reunlikelytobesatisfiedwithanyresult.E.Andthereareactuallyafewproblemswithperfectionism.F.However，mostofusaren'tanEinsteinoraMotherTeresa.G.They'dprobablydismisstheideaslikethatasabsurd，infact.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了完美主义者眼中生活的意义，以及完美主义引发的一些问题。1.解析：空前一句说完美主义是人们倾向于相信他们的生活是无意义的主要原因之一；空后一句说如果他们不做一些令人极其惊叹的事，生活就没有意义。由此可以推断，A项（他们把生活看作全赢或全输的局面）符合语境。答案：A2.解析：空后一句说所以结论是显然的：大多数的生活都是无意义的。再结合空前一句对生活意义的评判标准可知，F项（然而，我们中的大多人都不是爱因斯坦或特蕾莎修女）衔接上下文，符合语境。答案：F3.解析：空前一句说但是有些事情不需要完美才能精彩；下一段开始举例来说明完美主义应用的不一致。由此可以推断，E项（实际上完美主义是有一些问题的）符合语境。答案：E4.解析：空前一句说追求生活意义的完美主义者通常不会把它运用到生活的其他领域；下文举例说他们如果考试没有考满分并不会就此认为自己是失败者。由此可以推断，C项（完美主义其实会导致双重标准）符合语境。答案：C5.解析：下文提到这跟因为你的一个朋友不可能在一天内取得跟超人一样多的成就就认为他是个很失败的人一样奇怪。由此可以推断，空处也应描述一种奇怪的现象，故B项（我们不能期待一只狗可以开车）符合语境。答案：BTest4Givinggenerouslyandreceivinggratefullymakeiteasiertolivehappilywithothers.1Letmestartwiththeideaofgivinggenerously.2Forexample，myhusbandandIhavefamilymemberswhoonlycontactuswhentheyneedmoney.Weusuallyaccepttheirrequests，butwerarelyreceivea“thankyou”.MostpeoplewouldsaythatmyhusbandandIarebeingused.andIsupposeweare.Butwhenwegive，weshouldn'tbegivingforthepurposeofgettinggratitudeorpraise.3Thegoodnewsisthatwhenweleadourlivesbeingnicetoothers，ourlivesrunmoresmoothly.Ifyou'regenerous，yes，somepeoplewilluseyou.Butifyoupracticebeinggenerous，mostofyourrelationshipswillimprove.4Itrulybelievethatyoucannotsay“thankyou”enoughwhenyoureceive.Wesooftengetlazyaboutexpressinggratitude.Parentscanfeelunappreciatedbytheirchildren，andteacherscanfeelunappreciatedbytheirstudents.Doyouthinkitunnecessarytothankthemwhenreceivingjustbecauseataskispartofsomeone'sjobdescription？That'swrong！Wordsofappreciationmakeothersfeelgoodaboutthemselveslikenothingelse.It'sgoodforustosay“thankyou”becauseweregularlyneedtoremindourselvesofhowluckyweare.5Ifyouarelookingforawaytoimproveyourlife，Icangiveyouone：Givegenerouslyandreceivegratefully.A.Thus，saying“thankyou”canb