结构设计常用专业英语

.z.构造设计常用专业英语词汇汇编-.z.ContentsI上册目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\uChapter1LoadsandAction1第一章荷载与作用1Chapter2SeismicDesign8第二章抗震设计8Chapter3Foundation14第三章地基根底14Chapter4ReinforcementConcrete22第四章钢筋混凝土构造22Chapter5SteelStructure28第五章钢构造28Chapter6positeStructure37第六章组合构造37Chapter7MasonryStructure40第七章砌体构造40Chapter8Others43第八章其它43-.z.ContentsII下册目录第一章荷载与作用44Chapter1LoadsandAction44第二章抗震设计51Chapter2SeismicDesign51第三章地基根底57Chapter3Foundation57第四章钢筋混凝土构造66Chapter4ReinforcementConcrete66第五章钢构造72Chapter5SteelStructure72第六章组合构造81Chapter6positeStructure81第七章砌体构造84Chapter7MasonryStructure84第八章其它86Chapter8Others86-.z.上册Chapter1LoadsandAction第一章荷载与作用accidentalbination偶然组合accidentalload偶然荷载action作用apartment公寓archedroof拱形屋面areaprojectedonahorizontalplane水平投影面ashload积灰荷载attic阁楼balcony阳台ballroom/dancehall舞厅basicloadbination根本荷载组合basicvariable根本变量basicwindspeed根本风速boundarycondition边界条件boundarylayer边界层cab驾驶室〔吊车〕canopy雨棚cantilevermember悬挑构件cantileverslab悬臂板case工况catwalk马道characteristicvalue/nominalvalue/standardvalue标准值characteristic/nominalbination标准组合claddingsystem围护系统coefficientofthermale*pansion温度膨胀系数columneffectivelength柱有效长度binationvalue组合值plywithrequirementofChinesecode满足中国规要求concentratedload集中荷载concentrationofplasticdeformation塑性变形集中constructionandmaintenanceload施工和检修荷载constructionload施工荷载constructionsequence施工顺序controlroom控制室corner转角，角部corridor走廊craneload吊车荷载cranewheelload吊车轮压deadload恒载dead-load-resistingmoment恒载产生的弯矩deformedposition变形后位置degreeofreliability可靠度density密度designreferenceperiod设计基准期designsituation设计状况designvalue设计值designvalueofaload荷载设计值designworkinglife设计使用年限determinatestructure静定构造diaphragmstiffness楼板刚度differentialsettlement不均匀沉降distributionfactorofsnowpressure屋面积雪分布系数doublespandoublepitchedroof双跨双坡屋面duringservicelife使用期间dynamicanalysis动力分析dynamiccoefficient动力系数earthquakeaction地震作用eave屋檐/挑檐edgebeam边梁edgecolumn边柱elasticitymodulus弹性模量electrichoist电动葫芦elementcheck构件校核enclosedstructure封闭式构造energy能量equibriumequation平衡方程equivalentuniformliveload等效均布活荷载e*pansion膨胀e*posurecategory地面粗糙度类别〔美〕e*posurefactorforwindpressure风压高度变化系数〔美〕fielde*periment现场试验fireescape防火楼梯firstmode第一振型fi*edseats固定座位flatroof平屋顶fle*ibleliftinghook软钩吊车floorliveload楼面活荷载fluidpressure流体压力fractile分位值frequentbinations频遇组合frequentvalue频遇值fundamentalbination根本组合gable山墙garage车库geometricalparameter几何参数gradientheight梯度风高度gust阵风gustfactorcoefficient阵风系数gymnasium健身房hand-gearedbridgecrane手动吊车handrail栏杆，扶手hardliftinghook硬钩吊车heightvariationfactorofwindpressure风压高度变化系数height-to-widthratio高宽比heliport直升飞机平台horizontalponent水平分量horizontalload水平荷载horizontalloadonrailing栏杆水平荷载hydrostaticupliftload水浮力impactfactor冲击系数impactload冲击荷载importancefactor重要性系数indeterminatestructure超静定构造interpolation插值法laboratory实验室large(long)-spanstructure大跨构造lateralforceoncranerunawaybeam吊车横向水平荷载lateralload侧向力leeward背风面liftedload吊重limitstate极限状态liveload活荷载loadcodeforthedesignofbuildingstructures建筑构造荷载规loadbination荷载组合loadbinationcoefficient荷载组合系数loadeffect荷载效应lobby大厅localarea局部部位localload局部荷载longitudinalforceoncranerunawaybeam吊车纵向水平荷载long-termdeflection长期变形magnificationfactorofwindfluctuation脉动增大系数mannedroof上人屋面mass质量materialproperty材料性能ma*imumwheelload最大轮压meanroofheight平均屋面高度minimumpotentialenergyprinciple最小势能原理modesuperposition振型叠加法mountainousregion山区movableseats活动座位multidegree-of-freedomsystem多自由度体系multi-defensesystem多道设防体系occupancycategory房屋类别officebuilding办公楼onadjacentspan相邻跨onalternatespan隔跨ontheentirespan满跨onthehalfspan半跨open-frametower敞开式塔架operatingload操作荷载operatingroom手术室overturning倾覆overturningmoment倾覆弯矩parapetwall女儿墙partialsafetyfactorforloads荷载分项系数partiallyenclosedstructure半敞开式构造partitionload隔墙荷载passengervehicle客车patientroom病房performancefunction功能函数periodforno.1第一周期periodreductionfactor周期折减系数permanentaction〔load〕永久作用〔荷载〕permanentload永久荷载permanentpartition固定隔墙pitchedroof坡屋顶，斜屋面placeofpublicassembly人口密集处plant厂房platform看台Poisson'sratio泊松比pondload积水荷载portablepartition可移动隔墙primaryload-resistingsystem主要承重体系probabilitydistribution概率分布probabilityoffailure失效概率purlin檩条quasi-permanentbinations准永久组合quasi-permanentvalue准永久值ratedcapacity额定起重量〔吊车〕readingroom阅览室recurrenceinterval重现期reducingcoefficientofliveload活荷载折减系数reductionofliveload活荷载折减referencesnowpressure根本雪压referencewindpressure根本风压reliability可靠性reliabilityinde*可靠指标repeatedserviceload反复荷载representativevalue代表值representativevalueofaload荷载代表值representativevalueofgravityload重力荷载代表值residential住宅resistance抗力ridge屋脊roofgarden屋顶花园roofliveload屋面活荷载roofslope屋面坡度safetycategory平安等级saw-toothedroof锯齿形屋面scaffolding脚手架self-strainingforce自应力荷载serviceablilitylimitstate正常使用极限状态shapefactorofwindload风荷载体形系数shearmodulus剪切模量singledegree-of-freedomsystem单自由度体系singlespanmonopitchedroof单跨单坡屋面skylight天窗sliding滑移snowload雪荷载soilpressure土压力stackroom书库stage舞台stair楼梯stairtread踏步板statisticaldata统计资料statisticalparameter统计参数steelrail钢轨，轨道stiffness刚度stiffnessenlargementfactorformiddle-spanbeam中梁刚度放大系数stiffnessrestraintofbackfillsoiltobasement回填土对地下室约束的相对刚度storeydrift层间位移strainenergy应变能stress-strainrelationship应力－应变关系strongshear–weakbending强剪弱弯suburbanarea城市郊区take-offweight起飞重量temporarypartition临时隔墙terrainroughness地面粗糙度themostcriticalbination最不利组合themostcriticaleffect最不利效应theworstcase最不利情况theatre剧院timehistoryanalysis时程分析transversetravelingload横向行驶的荷载〔吊车〕tributaryarea附属面积trolley小车〔吊车〕tunneltest风洞试验ultimatelimitstate承载能力极限状态unbalancedaccumulation不均匀堆积unenclosedstructure敞开式构造unmannedroof不上人屋面urbanarea城市市区variableaction〔load〕可变作用〔荷载〕variationalprincipal变分原理verticalponent竖向分量verticalelement竖向构件verticalload竖向荷载virtualwork虚功windfluctuationfactor脉动影响系数windflutteringfactor风振系数windload风荷载windshield挡风板wind-e*citedoscillation风致振动windward迎风面work功workinggrade工作级别〔吊车〕-.z.Chapter2SeismicDesign第二章抗震设计accidentaleccentricity偶然偏心additionalbendingmoment附加弯矩additionaldamping附加阻尼additionalseismicactionfactorsattopofthebuilding顶部附加地震作用系数allowablevalueofdriftangle层间位移角限值amplifyingfactorforelaso-plasticstorydrift弹塑性层间位移放大系数artificialaccelerationtime-historycurve人工模拟加速度时程曲线avalanche崩塌a*ial-force-ratio轴压比backingbar垫板baseshearforce底部剪力baseshearmethod基底剪力法bearingwall承重墙boundaryofslope边坡边缘brittlemodeoffailure脆性破坏burieddepth埋置深度cast-in-situconcretefloor现浇混凝土楼板centerofmass质量中心centerofrigidity刚度中心circularnaturalfrequency自振圆频率codeforseismicdesignofbuildings建筑抗震设计规pactionmethod加密法positefloorwithflutedplate压型钢板钢筋混凝土组合楼板poundhoop复合箍筋poundorcontinuouspoundrectangularspiralhoop复合或连续复合矩形螺旋箍concentricallybracedframe中心支撑框架confiningboundaryelement约束边缘构件corecolumn芯柱cornercolumn角柱coupledtorsionmethod扭转藕联方法couplingbeam连梁criticaldamping临界阻尼crosswisebrace穿插支撑dampedfreevibration有阻尼自由振动dampingratio阻尼比deformationspredominantlyduetoshear剪切变形为主designbasicaccelerationofgroundmotion设计根本地震加速度designcharacteristicperiodofgroundmotion设计特征周期designearthquakegroups设计地震分组designparametersofgroundmotion设计地震动参数detailofseismicdesign抗震构造措施diaphragmdiscontinuity楼面不连续discontinuityinbearingcapacity承载力突变discontinuityinverticalanti-lateral-forcemembers竖向抗侧力构件不连续displacement-relevanttype位移相关型dog-boneconnection狗骨节点doubleplate贴板double-limbcouplingwall双肢抗震墙ductility延性dynamiccharacteristics动力特性earthquakeaction地震作用eccentricallybracedframe偏心支撑框架elasto-plasticdeformationanalysis弹塑性变形分析elato-plasictime-historyanalyzingmethod弹塑性时程分析end-column端柱energy-dissipatingbeamsegment耗能梁段energy-dissipatingponent耗能构件equivalentstaticlateralforce等效侧向静力荷载equivalentviscousdampingratio等效粘滞阻尼比e*pansionjoint/contractionjoint伸缩缝favorable/unfavorable/hazardousseismicfortificationplats有利/不利/危险地段fi*inglocation嵌固部位framestructure框架构造frame-brace框架-支撑frame-core-tubestructure框架-核心筒构造framedtube框架-筒体frame-supportwallstructure局部框支抗震墙构造frame-wallstructure框架-抗震墙构造frequentlyearthquake多遇地震fullpenetrationbuttwelds完全熔透坡口焊geotechnicalstability岩土地震的稳定性grade1/2/3framedstructure1/2/3级框架grade1/2/3wall1/2/3级抗震墙gradeofliquefaction液化等级gravityadditionalbendingmoment重力附加弯矩greatframe巨型框架groundsubsidence震陷height-widthratio高宽比hiddencolumn暗柱hidden-beam暗梁horizontalbrace水平支撑horizontalseismicinfluencecoefficient水平地震影响系数horizontaltransmissionmember水平转换构件inverted-vshapebrace人字支撑isolationjoint抗震缝joint-panelsheardeformation节点域剪切变形k-shapebraceK型支撑landslide滑坡lateralbracedpoint侧向支承点lateraldisplacement(sway)stiffness侧移刚度lateral-force-resistingsystem抗侧力体系limitvalueofelaso-plasticstorydriftrotation弹塑性层间位移角限值limitvalueofelasticstorydriftrotation弹性层间位移角限值linearstatic/dynamicanalyzingmethod线性静/动力分析方法liquefaction液化liquefactioninde*液化指数liquefactionmitigationmeasure抗液化措施liquefactionsubsoil液化地基lonelytallhill高耸孤立的山丘long-cantileveredstructure长悬臂构造longitudinalwall纵墙lumpedmass集中质量majorearthquake大震ma*imumpressureonfoundationbottom基底最大压力ma*imumratiooftotalheighttototalwidth最大高宽比meanpressureonfoundationbottom基底平均压力mechanicmodel力学模型mode振型、模态modeparticipationfactor振型参与系数momentresistingframe框架non-liquefaction不液化non-rockysteepslope非岩石的陡坡obliquedirectionlateral-force-resistingmember斜交抗侧力构件ordinaryboundaryelement构造边缘构件ordinarybracedframe普通支撑框架ordinaryhoop普通箍筋overlayingdepth覆盖层厚度parapetwithoutanchorage无锚固女儿墙partialfactorforhorizontalseismicaction水平地震作用分项系数partialfactorforverticalseismicaction竖向地震作用分项系数peakgroundacceleration地面加速度峰值plastichinge塑性铰polarmomentofinertial极惯性矩pre-castfloor/roof装配式楼盖/屋面prefabricatedconcreteroof/floor预制楼盖/屋盖probabilityofe*ceedence超越概率rarelyearthquake罕遇地震recurrenceinterval重现周期reductionfactorfortheliquefactioneffectofsoillayer土层液化影响折减系数reentrancecornersirregularity凹凸不规则reentrantcorner凹角regularseismicbuilding规则抗震建筑reinforcedconcretespandrelgirder钢筋混凝土托墙梁reinforcedconcretewallplanewithhiddensteelbrace藏钢支撑钢筋混凝土墙板reinforcedconcretewallplanewithverticalseparators带竖缝钢筋混凝土墙板representativevalueofgravity重力荷载代表值responsespectrum反响谱responsespectrummethodformodalanalysis振型分解反响谱法restoring-forcecharacteristicmodel恢复力模型retainingwall抗撞墙rigidbase刚性地基rigid/semi-rigid/fle*iblediaphragm刚性/半刚性/柔性隔板riverbank河岸rubberisolatorunit橡胶隔震单元saturatedsand饱和砂土saturatedsilt饱和粘土secantstiffness割线刚度secondaryeffectofgravitation重力二阶效应seismicadjustingfactorforloadingcapacity承载力抗震调整系数seismiccapacityforthenodesofframe框架节点核心区地震承载力seismicconceptdesignofbuildings建筑抗震概念设计seismicdetailrequirement抗震构造要求seismicfortificationcategory抗震设防类别seismicfortificationcriterion抗震设防标准seismicfortificationintensity抗震设防烈度seismicfortificationmeasures抗震措施seismicmultiple-defenselines多道抗震防线seismicoverturningmoment地震倾覆弯矩seismicshearfactorvalueoffloorlevel楼层地震剪力系数seismicshearforce地震剪力seismicsoilbearingcapacity地基抗震承载力seismicallyisolated隔震的settlementcausedbyliquefaction液化沉陷settlementjoint沉降缝shear-wavevelocityofsoil剪切波速singlediagonalbrace单斜杆支撑site场地site-classes场地类别slab-column-structuralwallstructure板柱-抗震墙构造softsubsoil软土地基specialconcentricallybracedframe特殊中心支撑框架speedlinearrelevanttype速度线性相关型speednon-linearrelevanttype速度非线性相关型spiralhoop螺旋箍stiffnessirregularity侧向刚度不规则storydisplacement楼层位移storystrengtheningwithoutriggermember加强层storyyieldstrengthcoefficient楼层屈服强度系数strengthreducingfactorundercyclingload受循环荷载时强度降低系数stressconcentration应力集中strip-protrudingspur条状突出的山嘴strong-column/weak-beam强柱弱梁supporting-column框支柱theadjustingfactorofslopeforthelineardecreasesection直线下降段的下降斜率调整系数thedampingadjustmentfactor阻尼调整系数thehorizontaldynamicstiffness水平动刚度theminimumhoopcharacteristic最小配箍率特征值thenaturalvibrationperiod自振周期thepowerinde*ofthecurvilineardecreasesection曲线下降段的衰减指数thespacingofhoops箍筋间距theultimateshearcapacityofabolt一个螺栓的极限受剪承载力theyieldcapacityforthejoint-panelofbeamandcolumn梁柱节点区域屈服承载力tiecolumn构造柱torsioneffect扭转效应torsionalirregularity扭转不规则transferencestory转换层transversewall横墙trusstube桁架-筒体tubeintubestructure筒中筒构造tubes束筒verticalandlateraldistributionwebreinforcement竖向和横向分布钢筋(抗震墙)verticalseismicaction竖向地震作用verticalseismicinfluencecoefficient竖向地震影响系数volumetricratioofhoopreinforcement体积配箍率wallstructure抗震墙构造weakregionofseismicbuilding抗震建筑薄弱部位weakstory薄弱层-.z.Chapter3Foundation第三章地基根底aunder-reamedcast-in-situpile扩底灌注桩aweakunderlyingstratum软弱下卧层activeearthpressure主动土压力adjacente*cavation相邻基坑adjacentpile相邻桩allowabledifferentialsettlements容许差异沉降allowablesubsoildeformation地基变形允许值allowablevalue允许值anchordepth锚固深度anchorforce锚固力anchorpile锚桩anchorplate锚垫板anchorrod锚杆anchoredretainingwall锚杆挡墙angleofinclination/inclination倾角angleofinternalfrictionofthesoil土的摩擦角angulargravel角砾arcslidingsurfacemethod圆弧滑动面法averageadditionalpressure平均附加压力averagepressure平均压力basefailure地基破坏baseplateofmatfoundation筏基底板beamsonelasticfoundation弹性地基梁blockstone块石boredpile钻孔桩boring钻孔boulders漂石bo*foundation箱型根底bracede*cavation支撑开挖brickfoundation砖根底brokenstone/crushedstone碎石cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙casing套管casingfilledwithconcrete套管灌混凝土cast-in-situconcretepilefoundation混凝土灌注桩根底centerpile中心桩changingofgroundwaterlevel地下水位变化characteristicvalue特征值checkonpression抗压验算checkonshearstrength抗剪验算clay粘土clearancespace净空coarsesand粗纱cobble卵石coefficientofadditionalstress附加应力系数coefficientofpressibility压缩系数coefficientofconsolidation固结系数coefficientofpermeability渗透系数cohesionforce粘聚力cohesivesoil粘性土binedfoundation联合根底pactionpiles压实桩pensatedfoundation补偿根底positesubgrade/positefoundation复合地基concreteagainstinfiltration抗渗混凝土concretefoundation混凝土根底conefoundation锥形根底conepenetrationtest(CPT)圆锥灌入试验connectionbeam联系梁consolidation固结consolidationcurve固结曲线consolidationtest固结试验consolidationtheory固结理论constanthead常水头contentsofgrains颗粒含量cornerpile角桩cornerpointmethod角点法correctionfactorfordepth深度修正系数counter-fortwalls扶壁式挡土墙cushioncourse垫层deepbasement深层地下室deepe*cavation深开挖deep-mi*ingpile深层搅拌桩deformationpatibility变形协调degreeofsaturation饱和度depthofe*cavation开挖深度designofwallagainstsliding挡土墙抗滑设计diaphragmwalls地下连续墙differenceinsettlements沉降差directsheartest直剪试验drainagelayer排水层drainageoffooting根底排水drainageofwall挡墙的排水drivencast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩drivenpile打入桩driving打桩drivingshoe桩头/桩靴drophammer落锤drydensity干密度dryunitweight干容重dynamicpilecapacity桩的动承载力earthworks土方工程eccentricload偏心荷载eccentricallyloadedfoundation偏心受荷根底effectivegravitationaldensity浮重度embedmentdepth埋深endbearingpiles端承桩endresistanceofapile桩端承载力e*cavation开挖基坑e*cavationsupportstructure基坑维护构造e*cessporewaterpressure超空隙水压力e*ternalgroundlevel室外地面标高fieldvanetest现场十字板试验filledandleveledarea填方整平地区filledgroundlevel填土面标高filledsoil人工填土finalsettlement最终沉降量finesand细纱flangeofvaryingthickness变厚度翼缘floatingfoundation浮筏根底foundation根底foundationbase根底底面foundationtop根底顶面foundationtypes根底类型fraction粒组含量frictionpiles/floatingpiles摩擦桩generalshearfailure整体剪切破坏geologicalconditions地质条件gravitationaldensity/gravitydensity重度、重力密度gravityretainingwalls重力式挡土墙groundanchor土锚/地锚groundbeams地梁groundsurface室外地面groundtreatment地基处理highsocketfoundation高杯口根底high-risepilecap高桩承台H-pileH型桩hydraulicgradient水力梯度inclinedanchor斜锚杆inclinedwall倾斜式挡土墙initialgroundwaterlevel初始地下水位insertiondepth插入深度in-situstaticloadingtestofasinglepile单桩静载荷试验internalgroundlevel室地面标高jacked-downpiles静压桩laboratoryvanetest室十字板试验largediameterpile大直径桩largedisplacementpile大量挤土桩large-areastorageloading大面积堆载lateralearthpressure侧向土压力lateralearthpressureatrest侧向静止土压力laterite/redclay红粘土layeredsoil成层土liftingofpiles桩上拔limeconcretefoundation三合土根底lime-soilfoundation灰土根底liquidlimit液限liquidityinde*液性指数loadedpile受荷桩localshearfailure局部剪切破坏lowpilecap低桩承台mainload-bearinglayer主要受力层matslab筏板mediumsand中砂methodofbeamsandslabsonelasticfoundation弹性地基梁板法modulusofpressibility/constrainedmodulus压缩模量Mohr'sstresscircle摩尔应力圆moisturecontentofsoil土的含水量muck淤泥muckysoil淤泥质土multi-layersummationmethod分层总和法naturalsubsoil天然地基negativeskinfriction负摩阻力netpressure净压力netwaterpressure净水压力non-displacementpile非挤土桩non-reinforcedspreadfoundation无筋扩展根底non-uniformsoils不均匀地基normallyconsolidated正常固结offshorefoundation海岸根底optimumwatercontent最正确含水量orderofdriving打桩顺序overburdenpressure超载压力over-consolidated超固结overturningofretainingwall挡土墙的倾覆padfoundationbeneathcolumns柱下独立根底partialtilting局部倾斜particleshape颗粒形状particlesize粒径passiveearthpressure被动土压力penetrationdepth灌入深度penetration-resistantgrade抗渗等级perlinermeter每延米pilecap承台piledefect桩的缺陷pilefailure桩破坏pilefailuremode桩的破坏模式pilefoundation桩根底pilegroup群桩pilepoint桩尖pileshaft桩身pileshaftstrength桩身强度pilespace桩距piletype桩型plasticlimit塑限plasticityinde*塑性指数plateloadtest平板载荷试验porepressure空隙压力porewaterpressure空隙水压力porosity空隙率pre-castconcretepilefoundation混凝土预制桩根底preloadedfoundationsoils预压地基primaryconsolidation主固结primarysettlement初始沉降pulloutresistanceoffootingatdepth深根底的抗拔力pulloutresistanceofshallowfooting浅根底的抗拔力punching冲切punchingfailure冲切破坏punchingfailurecone冲切破坏锥体rackedpiles/rakerpiles/batterpiles斜桩raftfoundation/matfoundation筏基redrivingofpiles桩复打reinforcedearth加劲土reinforcedearthwall加劲土墙retainingwalls挡土墙retrainingstructure支挡构造rigidfoundation刚性根底risenpile上抬的桩rock岩石rockanchor岩锚rockdiscontinuitystructureplan岩体构造面rock-inlaidcast-in-situpile嵌岩灌注桩roundedgravel圆砾rubbleconcretefoundation毛石混凝土根底rubblefoundation毛石根底sampledisturbance土样扰动screwpiles螺旋桩secondaryconsolidation次固结settlement沉降，沉降量settlementobservation沉降观测settlementrate沉降速率shallowfoundation浅根底shearkeyinslidingwall抗滑墙上的剪力键sideofpilegroup群桩的周边silkyclay粉质粘土silkysand粉沙silkysoil粉土single-storybentstructures单层排架构造skinfrictionofapile桩侧摩阻力skinareaofpiles桩周面积slabfoundation平板式筏基slidingmoment滑动力矩sliding-resistantmoment抗滑力矩slipsurface滑动面slope边坡slopeangle边坡坡角slopestability边坡稳定性slurrye*cavation泥浆开挖slurrytrenchpile泥浆护壁类桩型slurrywalls泥浆连续墙smalldisplacementpile少量挤土桩socketbase杯底socketfoundation杯口根底socketwall杯臂softcohesivesoil软弱粘土soilaggregategravellysoil碎石土soilclassification土的分类soilofhighpressibility高压缩性土soiloflowpressibility低压缩性土soilofmediumpressibility中压缩性土soil-pactingeffect/soil-squeezingeffect挤土效应soil-rockpositesubgrade土岩组合地基solidierpile直桩spreadfoundation扩展根底stabilityoffoundation地基稳定性standardfrostpenetration(depth)标准冻深standardpenetrationtest(SPT)标准灌入试验staticwaterpressures静止水压力steelsheetpiles钢板桩steppedfoundation阶梯型根底stiffenedslabfoundation梁板式筏基stressincrease应力增量stressrelease应力释放stripfoundationbeneathcolumns柱下条形根底stripfoundationbeneathwalls墙下条形根底stripfoundationwithcrossbeams穿插条形根底stripload条形荷载strutscriticaldepth支撑临界深度subgrade地基subgradebearingcapacity地基承载力substratum下卧层superstructure上部构造surface-emptyphenomena脱空现象thebearingstratum持力层depthoffoundationforsettlementcalculation地基沉降计算深度themediumweatheredrock中风化岩石theminimumreinforcementratio最小配筋率theperipherallengthofthepileshaft桩身周长theprincipleofstresssuperposition应力叠加原理thereportofengineeringgeologicalsurvey工程地质勘查报告theslightlyweatheredrock微风化岩石theWinklerfoundationmodel文可勒地基模型three-pilecap三桩承台thrustduetolandslide滑坡推力tilting倾斜toeofretainingwall挡土墙趾tria*ialtest三轴试验ultimateloadofpilegroup群桩极限荷载unconfinedpressiontest无侧限压缩试验undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度unia*ialpression单轴压缩unitweightofsoil土的容重verticalbearingcapacityofapile单桩竖向承载力voidratio/porosityratio空隙比watersaturation水饱和weightedaveragegravitationaldensity加权平均重度width-heightratioofstep台阶高宽比-.z.Chapter4ReinforcementConcrete第四章钢筋混凝土构造abamurus挡土墙，扶壁abutmentwall/flangewall翼墙accelerant/acceleratedagent促凝剂acceleratedcement快凝水泥acceptancespecification验收规acidandalkali-resistantgrout耐酸碱水泥浆acidandalkali-resistantmortar耐酸碱水泥砂浆additionagent添加剂adhesive胶粘剂adhesiveattraction附着力adhesivebitumenprimer冷底子油aeroconcrete加气混凝土age龄期aggregate骨料allowablestressdesign容许应力设计a*ialpression轴压a*ialpressiveload轴心压力a*ialtension轴拉bebentcold冷弯beamdepth梁高beam-to-columnconnections梁柱节点bent-upbar弯起钢筋bottomreinforcement底筋boundaryelements(orzones)边缘构件或区域bundle绑轧buttress扶壁柱cantileverbeam悬臂梁cast-in-placeconcrete现浇混凝土centroidala*is中心轴clearcover保护层clearspacing净距clearspan净跨coarseaggregate粗骨料collartiebeam/ring-beam圈梁column柱column-to-footingconnection柱脚节点pressionreinforcement受压钢筋pression-controlledsection受压控制截面pressivestrength抗压强度concretestructures混凝土构造constructionjoints施工缝continuingbar连续钢筋continuous连续continuousbeams连续梁continuousslabs连续板corrosionprotection防腐crack开裂，裂缝crackingmoment开裂弯矩creep徐变crosssection横截面crosssection截面cure养护deepbeam深梁deformed/spiralreinforcement螺纹钢筋depthofslab板厚depth-spanratio高跨比designloadbinations设计荷载组合developmentlength/laplength搭接长度ductsforgrouted灌浆管durability耐久性dynamicamplificationfactor动力放大系数effectivepressiveflange有效受压翼缘effectivecross-sectionalarea有效截面effectivedepthofsection截面有效高度effectiveprestress有效预应力elasticdeflection弹性变形embedmentlength锚固长度equivalentrectangularcolumn正方形截面柱e*pansivecement膨胀水泥e*teriorbasementwall地下室外墙factoredload乘以分项系数的荷载fineaggregate细骨料fireprotection防火fi*ed固定flange翼板fle*uralandpressionmembers压弯构件footingsofbuildings建筑物底部form模板formulas公式framestructurewithspecial-shapedcolumns异型柱框架构造frame-trussstructurewithspecial-shapedcolumns异型柱框架－桁架构造grade等级grade60concreteC60混凝土gradebeam地基梁grosssection全截面grout水泥浆grouting灌浆high-early-strengthcement早强水泥high-strengthsteelbar高强钢筋hollow-coreslab空心楼板hydrauliccement水泥inclinedbeam斜梁inclinedstirrup斜向箍筋in-planeforce面荷载isolationjoint分隔缝joint节点lapsplices搭接largevolumesofconcrete大体积混凝土lateralforce-resistingsystems抗侧体系layer层lengthover梁、柱全长lift-slabconstruction升板施工lightweightaggregate轻骨料lightweightconcrete轻质混凝土loadedarea荷载面积longitudinalreinforcement纵筋long-timedeflection永久变形lossofprestress预应力损失materialsforgrout灌浆料mechanicalanchorage机械锚固mechanicalconnections机械连接midspan跨中minimumslabthickness最小板厚mi*搅拌mi*proportions配比momentmagnificationfactor弯矩放大系数momentofinertia惯性矩moment-resistingframes刚架negativemoment负弯矩negativemomentreinforcement梁上部纵筋neutrala*is中和轴nominaldiameterofbar钢筋直径nominalstrength强度标准值nonpre-stressedreinforcement非预应力钢筋nonbearingwall非承重墙non－potablewater非饮用水nonstructuralmembers非构造构件nonswaycolumn非摇摆柱nonswayframe无侧移框架one-wayslabs单向板opening开洞overallthickness总厚overstressed超应力pedestal基座pilaster壁柱plainconcrete素混凝土plainreinforcement光面钢筋plastichingeregion塑性铰区Portlandcement波特兰水泥positivemoment正弯矩positivemomentreinforcement梁下部纵筋post-tension后拉pre-castconcrete预制混凝土prestresslosses预应力损失pre-stressedconcrete预应力混凝土pre-stressingtendons预应力钢筋pretension先法rectangularbeam矩形梁reductionfactors折减系数reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土reinforcedgypsumconcrete钢筋石膏混凝土reinforcementaroundstructuralsteelcore钢骨外包混凝土reinforcementratio配筋率rela*ationoftendonstress钢筋预应力松弛residualdeflection/deformation剩余变形rib肋seismichook箍筋抗震钩seismiczones地震区settlementofsupports支座沉降seven-daystrength7天强度shearbar抗剪钢筋shearkey抗剪键shearreinforcement梁箍筋shearwalls剪力墙shore支撑架short-limbshearwall短肢剪力墙short-limbshearwallstructurewithspecial-shapedcolumns异型柱－短肢剪力墙构造shrinkage/contraction收缩shrinkage-pensatingconcrete无收缩混凝土sidefacereinforcement梁腰筋simplysupportedbeams简支梁simplysupportedsolidslabs简支板si*-bar-diameter六倍钢筋直径slab楼板slabwithoutbeams.无梁楼盖slag矿渣slagcement火山灰水泥spanlength跨度special-shapedcolumn异形柱spiralreinforcement柱箍筋splittingtensilestrength拉裂强度standarddeviation标准差steamcuring蒸汽养护steel-encasedconcretecore钢包核心混凝土stiffnessreductionfactor刚度折减系数stirrup箍筋strength强度strengthdesign强度设计strength-reductionfactor强度折减系数stripping拆模strongcolumn/weakbeam强柱弱梁strongconnection强节点structuraldiaphragm构造隔板structuralmembers构造构件structuralsystemwithspecial-shapedcolumns异型柱构造体系structuraltrusses构造桁架strut支柱support支座supportreaction支座反力tensilestrain拉应变tensilestrength抗拉强度tensionandshearactsimultaneously拉力与剪力同时作用tensionreinforcement受拉钢筋tension-controlledsection受拉控制截面tolerance公差topreinforcement顶筋torsionreinforcement抗扭钢筋transversereinforcement横向钢筋two-wayslab双向板volumetricratio体积比wallpier短肢墙water-cementratio水灰比water-cementratiobyweight重量水灰比web腹板weldedsplices焊接whitePortlandcement白水泥-.z.Chapter5SteelStructure第五章钢构造arigidbeam-to-columnconnection梁柱刚性连接accuracyofconstruction(fabrication)安装精度acid-pickle酸洗additionaltests附加检验additionaltestsonsteels钢材附加检验alignment对准allowableslendernessratio容许长细比allowablestressrange容许应力幅angleofstressdispersal应力扩散角automaticwelding自动焊automaticorsemi-automaticprocess全自动或半自动方式backingplate衬板，垫板battenedmembers缀板柱battens，battenplate缀板beam-columns压弯构件bearingconnection承压连接bearingstength承压强度bearingstiffener支承加劲肋bendtest弯曲试验blast-clean磨砂bolttightening螺栓拧紧boltedconnections螺栓连接bolting螺栓branchmember支管brittlefracture脆断buttwelds对头焊接camber起拱carboncontent碳含量carbonstructuralsteels碳素构造钢caststeel铸钢CharpyV-notchimpacttestv形坡口冲击试验chordmember弦杆cladding涂层closedsection闭口截面coefficientofequivalentbendingmomentofeccentricallyloadedsteelmember(beam-column)钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数coefficientoflineare*pansion线膨胀系数cold-formedsteelstructuralmember冷弯型钢构件pactsection厚实截面plete-joint-penetration(CJP)grooveweld完全坡口融透焊ponentstability单肢稳定conditionofbolts螺栓状态conditionofsteel钢材状况constantamplitudefatigue常幅疲劳coupositerubberandsteelsupport橡胶支座cranegirder吊车梁cranetruss吊车桁架crossdiagonals穿插斜杆cutting切割defectacceptancecriteria缺陷可承受准则designvalueofstrengthofsteel钢材强度设计值diagonalstiffeners斜加劲肋dimensionsandtolerances尺寸和允许误差directdynamicloading/直接动力荷载distortion/deformation变形double-steppedcolumn双阶柱doublysymmetricsection双轴对称截面edgedistance边距effectivecross-sectionareaofhigh-strengthbolt·高强度螺栓的有效截面积effectivelength计算长度，有效长度effectivelengthfactor计算长度系数effectivelengthfortorsionalbucking扭转屈曲计算长度effectivethicknessoffilletwelds角焊缝有效厚度effectivewidth有效宽度effectivewidthfactor有效宽度系数endbearing端面承压endmoment端弯矩equallegangles等边角钢equivalentslendernessratio换算长细比erection安装erectiondrawing安装图evaluationofweldingtechniques焊接工艺评定e*cessivedeformation过度变形eyebar眼杆factorofequivalentmoment等效弯矩系数fatiguefailure疲劳破坏fayingsurfacesforhsfgfasteners高强摩擦连接的构件外表field/sitewelding现场焊接fieldconnection现场接头fillers填板filletwelds角焊缝finish/surfacelayer面层firstorderelasticanalysis一阶弹性分析flame-cutedge焰切边flange凸缘fle*uralbuckling弯曲失稳fle*ural-torsionalbuckling弯扭屈曲forgedsteelconnectionnodepieces节点锻造钢构件forming成孔framebracedwithstrongbracingsystem强支撑纯框架framebracedwithweakbracingsystem弱支撑纯框架frequencyofwelde*amination焊接检验次数frictionsurfaces摩擦面frictionalforc