高考英语核心词汇大全

PAGEPAGE2NO.14高考核心词汇大全口诀：英语高考变化大，词汇越来越称霸；标准要求三千五，八百词汇是关卡；字形词义熟练记，保证考场是赢家。一、语法角度归纳词汇：1.只能接动名词，而不能接不定式作宾语：口诀：建议避免冒险；介意错过训练；厌恶推迟完成；承认逃脱抵抗；考虑保持忍受；想象宽恕欣赏。suggest,avoid,risk,mind,miss,practise,dislike,delay,finish,admit,escape,resist,consider,keep,stand,imagine,forgive,enjoy2.只能接不定式，而不能接动名词作宾语：口诀：打算将来负担起一切，就得尝试失败，拒绝假装努力。要学会选择，决心设法完成计划。父母会同意提供帮助，要承诺达到他们的期望要求。want,intend,mean,afford,attempt,fail,refuse,pretend,try,learn,choose,decide,determine,manage,plan,agree,offer,help,promise,hope,wish,expect,ask3.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，意义不同：口诀：goon表继续，接doing同一事，接todo换一个；regret,forget,remember,接doing表做过，跟todo要去做；meandoing意味着，meantodo打算做；trydoing试着做，trytodo设法做4.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，意义相同：口诀：need,want,require,还有一个deserve,接不定式用被动，接doing主动就能表被动；Worth后接doing,也用主动表被动，worthy则不同，改用被动用被动。need,require,want,deserve+doing/tobedone(需要做)beworthdoing,beworthyofbeingdone,beworthytobedone(值得做)5.接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾补：口诀：禁止、建议和允许，接doing作宾语，接todo作补语。forbid/advise/allow/permitdoingsth;forbid/advise/allow/permitsb.todosth.(禁止，建议允许某人做某事)6.接宾语从句，从句使用虚拟语气：1).在动词order/demand/insist/command/advise/suggest/request/require等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用（should）+动词原形，使用虚拟语气。口诀：每词有特点，宾语从句中，(should)+动词原形会出现。insist,suggest谨慎用，还要把词义细分辨。insist(坚持要某人做某事用虚拟；坚持说、坚持认为，则不用),demand,desire,require,request,order,propose,command,ask(要求),advise,prefer,suggest(建议用虚拟，暗示，表明则不用)。2).动词wish后接的宾语从句一律使用虚拟语气：口诀：wish后的从句用虚拟，三种情况要梳理。主句时态不用管，从句时间是关键。与现在事实不符，用过去；与过去事实不符，用过去完成；与将来事实不符，用would,could等接动词原形就可以。7.动词本身主动形式表达被动含义：有些动词如open,close,sell,wash,burn,write等用来陈述主语的内在性质时，要用主动形式表达被动含义。主语一般为事物，且常与状语连用。口诀：干柴废纸易燃烧；商店学校关又开；机器运转很正常；布料耐洗笔流畅；书报货物很畅销；房间厨房好打扫；饭菜做得格外香。burn,close,open,run,wash,write,sell,clean,taste,cook二、搭配角度总结词汇：1.搭配活跃的名词：Timeaheadoftime提前atatime一次atalltimes一直，经常atonetime曾经attimes有时候behindtime晚点，不及时behindthetimes落伍innotime立刻，马上intime及时，迟早foratime一度forthefirsttime第一次fromtimetotime有时，时常forthetimebeing暂时ontime准时way:alltheway一路上，自始自终bythewaybywayof经由，经过inthe/one’sway挡道，妨碍inaway在某种程度上onone’swayto去…的途中inanyway无论如何，在任何情况下innoway决不inone’sownway自行其事，随心所欲inthiswaycase:inanycaseincaseincaseofinnocaseinthatcaseinthiscaseinthecaseof关于，就…来说hand:athand在手边handinhandinhand控制住onhand手头有…byhandononehandontheotherhand2.搭配活跃的动词：bring:bringabout产生，导致bringalong带来bringback使回想起bringout使显现出bringin引进，赚得bringup教育，呕吐bringon引起，导致，生长bringdown使降落bringoff使成功，圆满完成break:breakdown垮掉，出故障breakin闯入，插嘴breakinto闯入breakout爆发，发生breakthrough突破breakup打碎，终止breakoff打断，中断breakawayfrom脱离call:callat拜访（某地）callback召回，回电话callfor去接，需要callin邀请，召请calloff取消callon/upon拜访某人callup打电话callout召唤出动carry:carryoff夺走carryon继续carryout履行carrythrough完成，使度过难关come:comeabout发生comeacross偶然遇到comeback回来，忆起comeon进行comeout出版，开花cometooneself苏醒comeupwith提出，想出，赶上hold:holdback隐瞒，阻止，抑制holdoff使远离holdon不挂断holdout伸出，支持，维持holdup举起，使停滞get:getacross越过，被理解getawaywith逃脱getback回来getoff从。。。下来geton/alongwith1).差一冠词，意义不同：inchargeof负责inthechargeof由。。。负责inpossessionof占有inthepossessionof由。。。所占有bysea乘船bythesea在海边outofquestion没问题outofthequestion不可能attable在吃饭atthetable在桌边2).有无介词，意义不同：answeranswerfor对。。。负责，偿还searchsearchforleaveleavefor离开去某地reachreachfor伸手去拿enterenterfor报名参加runrunforstandstandforpaypayfor付钱买某物preparepreparefpr3).词序颠倒，意义不同：beforelonglongbeforemuchtootoomuchturnininturnhandininhand在手边workhardhardworkfromfar来自远方farfrom离得远，远非ifonlyonlyif4).是分是和，意义不同：soastoso…astosometimessometimessometimesometimeeverydayeverydayaltogetheralltogethereveryoneeveryonenonenoone5).差一字母，用法不同：alonelonelyasleepsleepalikelikearise产生，发生，出现riseawaitvt.等候waitacrossprep.crossv.横越adj.交叉的，易怒的aloudloud2.以词汇意义为突破口进行辨析：1).意义内涵不同：【destroy,damage,ruin】Theboyruinedthebeautifulpicturewithinkonpurpose.(不可修复)Hishopeofbeingasingerwasdestroyed.(不可修复)Theheavyraindamagedalotofhouses.(可修复)【quiet,silent,still】Bequietandgetonwithyourwork..安静的，寂静的。表自然环境，表生性安静，不易激动。Youmustlearnwhentospeakandwhentokeepsilent.表沉默的。表示不说话，不弄出声音。Theairissostillthatthesmokeisrisingstraightupfromthefire.安静的，不动的。指人表面无动作。【occur,happen,takeplace】Itwasunfortunatethatthisaccidentshouldhappen/occur.偶然发生，碰巧。常指不好的事情。Itoccurredtohimthatheshouldgotoseeadentist.与happen可互换。occurtosb./sth.思想出现在意识中。Theofficialopeningofthestorewilltakeplacenextweek.指必然会发生的事情，无被动。还有举行活动。【argue,debate,quarrel】Thenewcouplearealwaysquarrellingaboutsolittlefamilyincome.指因愤怒而争吵。Theworkersarguefortherightforapublicholiday.通过提出理由进行论证。First,letmeintroducetoeveryonebothsidesoftoday’sdebate.指正式的辩论。【fit,match,suit】Thiscoatdoesn’tsuityou.多指颜色、款式、质地等适合，合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。Thiscoatdoesn’tfityou.多指大小、尺寸、形状合适、合身。Thistiedoesn’tmatchthiscoat.多指大小、形状、颜色、性质等方面的搭配。【matter,affair,business】Icoulddonothingtohelpyousincethematterhasgottenintosuchamess.侧重麻烦或异常的事情、毛病。Beforegoingaway,hearrangedhisbusinessaffairs.一般为较重大的事件，也可泛指事务，要用复数。Tomistheblacksheepofhisfamily.Hehasalmostruinedhisfather’sbusiness.生意，行业，事情，事务【normal,common,ordinary,usual,regular】Asisknowntoall,snowiscommonincoldcountries.常见的，一般的。commonsense/knowledgeAreyoureturninghomeattheusualtimetoday?通常，往常，一贯如此。asusualTomSawyerwasanordinaryAmericanboywhokeptgettingintotrouble.普通的，平常的，平凡的。AnewregularbusservicetoTianjinAirportstartedtooperatetwomonthsago.有规律的，定期的，经常的。Mylifewasdelightedthatthingshadreturnedtonormalonceagain.正常的，智力，精神正常的。【opposite,contrary】Hishouseisoppositetomine.指位置、方向、地位、意义等对立的、相反的。beoppositeto在。。。对面。Thisissomethingquitecontrarytomyexpectations.主张、看法行为等相反的，含有互相冲突，不一致。【realize,recognize,know】Hedidn’trealizehismistakeuntilhismothertoldhim.认识到，意识到，实现，完成。It’shardformetorecognizehisvoiceonthephone.认出，辨认，承认。为短暂性动词，不接时间段作状语。Wehaveknowneachotherformanyyears.知道，了解，熟悉，认识。可接时间段作状语。【scene,scenery,sight,view】Thesceneaftertheearthquakewashorrible.指展现在眼前的情景，也可指scenery的一部分。含景物中的人。HehadachancetoseethehistoricalsightsofLondon.指场景、眼前看到的景观。可指名胜、风景。用复数。Hangzhouisworld-famousforitsbeautifulscenery.指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。Thereisafineviewofthemountainfromourhotel.指从远处或高处看到部分景色。【separate,divide】Pleaseseparatethegoodapplesfromthebadones.把聚合在一起的事物、东西分开，常与from连用。Pleasedividetheappleintotwoparts.把一个整体分成若干部分，常与into连用。【struggle,fight】Thesoldiersfoughtbravelyinthebattle.打仗，战斗，主要指肉体上的对抗。常指打架。Onarrivingattheshore,thegirlstruggleduptheclifftowardsthelightshehadseen.挣扎，斗争。指肉体和精神上的搏斗。暗指在艰难处境中奋力挣扎。【broad,wide】Shelostherhearttothesoldierwiththebroadshoulderandthedeepvoice.指某物覆盖面的范围，肩、背、胸。Hisreadingcoversawiderangeofsubjects.着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及广泛之意。【cause,reason,excuse】Idon’tknowthecauseandeffect.起因，原因，指引起某种结果的必然原因。常与of搭配。强调事实。Therearemanyreasonsforanimalsdyingout.理由，原因，用于解释已发生事情的理由，借口。常与for连用。强调逻辑推理，理由不一定真实。Ihaven’tdonetheworkwell;myexcuseisthatIhavebeenill.指免受指责或推卸责任而找的理由、原因，即借口。常与for连用。【advantage,benefit,profit】Itistoyouradvantagetoinvestwisely.好处或利益，所获之物。Youngpeoplegetgreatbenefitfromreading.指各方面的受益。Theirinvestmenthasbroughtthemalotofprofit.多指金钱方面的利益、利润。【bravery,courage】Heshowedgreatbraveryinsavingthedrowingchild.勇敢，指处于某种紧迫情况下大胆无畏的行动勇气。Althoughblindedbytheexplosing,hefacedthefuturewithcourage.勇气，勇敢，指使人面对危险、困难、痛苦等而不感到惧怕的精神力量。【character,characteristic,quality,personality】Hehasachangeablecharacter.品质，性格特色，特征，个人、集体或范畴的区别特征或属性。WhatcharacteristicsdistinguishtheAmericansfromtheCanadians?指与众不同的特征。Modestyisoneofhisgoodqualites.品质，指个体的特点，尤指好的品质。Hispersonalityleftadeepimpressiononus.个性，指个人聚集的品质、行为、脾气、情绪和精神的性格。【circumstance,surrounding,environment,occasion】InnormalcircumstancesIwouldhaveresignedimmediately.环境，情形，形势，多用复数。Hedidn'tpaymuchattentiontohissurroundings.surrounding只能做形容词。surroundings为周围的事物，指一个人四周的生活环境。Childrenneedahappyhomeenvironment.环境，一般用单数，强调环境对人的感受，道德的影响。Heseizedtheoccasiontoinvitedherhomefordinner.时机，机会。【cost,price,charge,expense】Livingcostsarehigherincitiesthaninthecountry.耗费，成本。包括对某事所付出的一切费用、时间、劳力。Itmustbedoneatanyprice.价格。指商品出售时所定的价格。还有代价。Howmuchisthechargeforthiscoffee?零花钱或给予服务后索要的费用。Hisparentsdecidedtocutdownhisexpensesatcollege.多用复数，指大量的花费、支出。如求学、旅游。【energy,force,power,strength】Youngpeopleusuallyhavemoreenergythantheold.指人在活动中表现出的生机勃勃的“力”。Hehadtouseforcetogetthelidoffthecan.指为克服阻力而运用或发挥出来的“力量”。Youcanreallyfeelthepowerofthesunhere.含义最广，包括一切抽象和具体的力。Hehasn’tgotenoughstrengthtogetoutofbed.指人或物体内在的耐力、抵抗力、气力。【heart,mind】Hemarriedthegirlofhisheart.侧重情感之心。Weexpecttheretobemorestudentswithgoodmind.侧重理智之心。【especially,specially,particularly】TheGreatWallhadbeenaddedto,rebuiltandrepaired,especiallyduringtheMingDynasty.尤其Thesebooksarespeciallywrittenforbeginners.指为某一特别目的而做。Hewasparticularly/especiallyinterestedinthestoriesaboutkings.意义相仿，常可通用。Ricegrowswellintheircounty,especiallyintheirvillage.2).动作结果不同：advisepersuade/lookforfind/looksee/listenhear/trymanage/treatcure3).动作状态不同：beginbeoncatchfirebeonfire4).主观客观不同：receiveaccept5).直接间接不同：hearhearofknowknowoflearnlearnof6).有无—ly的副词不同：①无—ly的副词表具体意义，有—ly的副词表抽象意义。widewidelydeepdeeplyhighhighlylowlowlycloseclosely②有无—ly的副词，意思不同：Nearnearlyhardhardlymostmostlydeardearlylatelatelybadbadly【buy,cost,pay,spend,take】buy:指购买。常见搭配：buysb.sth.;buysth.forsb./sth.cost:指花钱、时间、劳力等。.Sth.costsbsth.pay:指花钱.常见搭配：Sb.paymoneyforsth.spend::指花钱、时间等。常见搭配：Sb.spend…indoingsth./onsth.take:主要指花时间。常见结构：Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.【offer,supply,provide】Josieofferedhim500dollarstodothework.Ourfarmsuppliesthemarketwithfruitsandvegetables.Theschoolprovidedbooksforthechildren.【beknownas,beknownfor,beknownto,beknownin】beknownas+名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。“作为。。。而著名”beknownfor+名词表示某人或某物的特点、特长。“因。。。而著名”beknownto+表示人的词语。“为。。。所了解、知道”beknownin+表地点的词语。四、拼写角度对比词汇：1.容易漏写字母的词：1).易漏写不发音字母的词：ChristmascupboardhandkerchiefhandsomeexhibitionwhisperneighborfastendoubtsandwichWednesdayclimbcomb2).易漏写双字母的词：necessaryquarrelpermissionexcellentinterruptsatelliteaddresspressurecommitteepersonallycommandcarriagearrestmirrorballoonpillowpatternannouncecattlecigarettefunnypassengerrubbishsuddenly3).易漏写元音字母的词：familiarofficialtemperaturebeforeinterestbargaincenturyanxiousconvenientexerciseexperiencematerialmountainrestaurantforeheadsoldier4).易漏写福音字母的词：governmentautumnchimneybutcherbridgeFebruaryknowledgelawyer2.容易多字母的词：ninthfortyagainstAugustsimilarhabitaltogetherThursdaycollegeforbidlibraryproud3.容易混淆的词：1).词形相似易混淆的词：peasant农民/present礼物、现在parents父母broad宽的/board木板/abroad在国外difficult困难的/different不同的;attract吸引/attack袭击explode爆炸/exploit开采，开发；familiar熟悉的/similar类似pollution污染/population人口/popularity人气指数，普及quality质量/quantity数量/equality平等/inquality不平等shadow影子，阴影/shade阴凉处/shed棚屋，小屋2).异性同义易混淆的词：动词Vs名词：adviseadvice/affecteffect/weighweight/bathebath/believebelief/recoverrecovery/discoverdiscovery/dicidedicision/explainexplanation/loseloss/serveservice/succeedsuccess/pronouncepronunciation/enterentrance/permitpermission/prepareprepa