专升本英语辅导资料

第一章语音部分本部分要解决这样几个问题：1）英文的48个音素2）最基本的语音知识，如：元音、辅音、开音节、闭音节以及r音节，等。3）字母读音规则和字母组合（留心注有“例外”的地方）。4）语音练习题。1.A.admireB.againstC.anxiousD.announce2.A.watchB.catchC.matchD.snatch3.A.energyB.engineerC.encourageD.entrance4.A.practiceB.possibleC.physicalD.Pacific5.A.officialB.observeC.obeyD.obviously6.A.subjectB.succeedC.supplyD.suppose7.A.cloudyB.captainC.certainD.cotton8.A.leagueB.tongueC.guessD.guest9.A.honorB.howeverC.handsomeD.harmful10.A.knockB.knowledgeC.kilometerD.knee11.A.strongB.EnglishC.fingerD.longer12.A.seasonB.seriousC.promiseD.advise13.A.umbrellasB.victoriesC.workshopsD.vegetables14.A.pollutesB.pronouncesC.preparesD.persuades15.A.exampleB.explainC.expensiveD.excuse16.A.apologyB.especiallyC.yardD.February17.A.schoolB.machineC.technicalD.character18.A.whereB.whileC.wholeD.white19.A.bothB.thinC.thisD.think20.A.threeB.thoseC.thankD.theatre21.A.liberationB.suggestionC.attentionD.education22.A.warmB.armfulC.partyD.harvest23.A.callB.calmC.talkD.walk24.A.stealB.realC.realityD.meal25.A.wheatB.cheatC.treatD.sweat26.A.percentB.permitC.personD.persuade27.A.friendB.fieldC.handkerchiefD.achieve28.A.eightB.weightC.heightD.neighbour29.A.bootB.chooseC.soonD.stood30.A.cornB.sportC.horseD.worse31.A.countryB.touchC.mouthD.double32.A.aboutB.couldC.accountD.shout33.A.knownB.shownC.thrownD.brown34.A.ownB.followC.knowD.knowledge35.A.fearB.dearC.heardD.near36.A.pleasureB.pressureC.measureD.treasure37.A.reportedB.watchedC.dependedD.wounded38.A.weighedB.washedC.warnedD.wondered39.A.swimB.sweetC.sweatD.sword40.A.spareB.prepareC.stareD.are545）语音考试样题――样题Directions:Ineachofthefollowinggroupsofwords,therearefourunderlinedlettersorlettercombinationsmarkedA,B,CandD.Comparetheunderlinedpartsandidentifytheonethatisdifferentfromtheothersinpronunciation.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEET.1.A.neighbourB.heightC.weightD.eighty2.A.bathroomB.eleventhC.breatheD.maths3.A.lectureB.recognizeC.levelD.recent4.A.putB.pushC.publicD.pull5.A.comfortableB.possibleC.horribleD.constant★大纲上给了3000个常用单词，平时读的时候注意发音第二章语法部分（词法、句法）第一节名词一、可数名词1.1规则名词的复数形式，如①map——maps

②box——boxes

③story——stories1.2不规则名词的复数形式1）以-o结尾的名词多数加-es构成复数：hero——heroes英雄

cargo——cargoes货物

potato——potatoes土豆

tomato——tomatoes西红柿某些外来词以-o结尾，但只加-s：auto——autos汽车

piano——pianos钢琴

photo——photos照片

kilo——kilos公里以-oo或元音字母加-o结尾的词也只加-s：zoo——zoos动物园

radio——radios收音机

bamboo——bamboos竹子

studio——studios照相馆2）以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v再加上-es：thief——thieves小偷

knife——knives刀

wife——wives妻子life——lives生命

shelf——shelves架子

half——halves半但有些只加-s：

belief——beliefs信念

roof——roofs屋顶3）常见特殊复数形式：child——children孩子

foot——feet脚，英尺

goose——geese鹅

ox——oxen牛tooth——teeth牙齿

mouse——mice老鼠

basis——bases基础

medium——media媒介man——men男人

woman——women女人

chairman——chairmen主席

datum——data数据4）常见单复数形式相同：sheep绵羊

deer鹿

fish鱼

fruit水果yuan元

shark鲨鱼

Chinese中国人

Swiss瑞士人5）常见的只能用复数形式的名词：works工厂

species种类

crossroads十字路口

means手段goods货物

clothes衣服

shoes鞋

thanks感谢

surroundin环境politics政治学

physics物理学

glasses眼镜

outskirts郊区

wages工资另外一些集合名词如：cattle，mankind，police，people，staff等总是用作复数。2、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an，

若要表示它的个体意义时，必须与一个名词短语连用，相当于中文里的【一+（量词）+名词】，其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。例如：apieceofbread[cake(蛋糕),paper(纸),thread(线),cloth(布),furniture(家具),coal(煤),news(新闻),advice(意见),information(信息),work(工作),meat(肉)]一块面包[一块蛋糕、一张纸、一根线、……]

anitemofinformation一则情报aburstofapplause一阵掌声

afitofanger一顿脾气aslipofpaper一张纸条

alengthofcloth一段布料acakeofsoap一块肥皂

atubeoftooth-paste一条牙膏abottleofink一瓶墨水不可数名词在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也只用单数形式。例如：

Waterisaliquid.水是液体。

Wealthdoesn’tmeanhappiness.富有并不意味幸福。

3、可数与不可数的转化问题上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并不是一尘不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，名词也不例外，同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词，而在另一种场合却是不可数名词：可数名词:atin一只锌罐arelation亲属aniron一把熨斗ademocracy民主国家aglass一只玻璃杯abeauty美人，美的东西awood一片树林apower大国不可数名词:tin锡relation关系 Iron铁 democracy民主glass玻璃beauty美Wood木头 power威力，电力 另外，在很多情况下抽象名词可变成可数名词(A)；而可数名词在一定情况下也可以抽象化，变成不可数名词(B)：.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?（不可数）喝点咖啡好吗？

Letmehaveacoffee.（可数）给我一杯咖啡吧。

Translationisanart.（不可数）翻译是一门艺术。

I’vemadeanEnglishtranslationofthebook.（可数）我已将那本书译成了英文。Hegotindifficultyagain.（不可数）他又有困难了。

Theymetwithmanydifficulties.（可数）他们遇到很多困难。4、主谓一致的问题当名词充当主语时,谓语动词在人称、数等方面必须与其保持一致——即“主谓一致性”的问题。主谓一致(Subject-VerbConcord)主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1）语法一致2）意义一致3）就近原则。1）主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如：Agrammarbookhelpsyoulearnsomethingabouttherulesofalanguage.（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。Grammarbookshelpyoulearnsomethingabouttherulesofalanguage.（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单。有许多方面的情况需要我们去具体地对待：#不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Readingoftenmeanslearning.读书常意味是学习。ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded.他说的话已被录音了。##不定代词one,every,each,everybody,everyone,oneof,noone,nothing,nobody,someone,somebody,either,neither,manya等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Neitherofmysisterslikessports.我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。Manyastudenttakesawalkoncampusafterdinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。Everyboyandgirlshowsgreatinterestinextra-curriculumactivities.每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。###表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：OneThousandAndOneNightstellspeoplelotsofmysteriousbitsoffolklore.《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。TheUnitedStatesisleadingtheworldinscienceandtechnology.美国常在世界科技方面领先。TheUnitedNationsplayanimportantroleintheinternationalaffairs.联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。####aportion,aseriesof,akindof,thenumberof等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Aseriesofhightechnologyproductshasbeenlaidoutintheexhibition.一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出了。Thenumberofprintingmistakesinsomerecentbooksoftensurprisespeopleeventodeath.近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。Asubstantialportionofthereportsismissing.这些报告都没有提及实质问题。Akindofroseinthegardensmellsverypleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。#####由some,several,both,few,many,anumberof等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：Ontheseashore,somepeopleareplayingvolleyballandsomearelyinginthesun.海边，有些人在打排球，有些人躺着晒太阳。Bothofusarefondofwatchingfootballgames.我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。Anumberofwill-begraduatesarevoluntarilygoingtoworkintheWestofChina.许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。######有些短语，如：alotof,mostof,anyof,halfof,threefifthsof,eightypercentof,someof,noneof,therestof,allof等后接不可数名词、或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：Alotofmoneyintheshopwasstolenyesterdaywhentheelectricitywassuddenlycutoff.昨天突然断电时，那家商店丢失了许多钱。AlotofbooksaboutInvestmentFundhavebeenpublishedrecently.最近出版了许多关于投资基金的书籍。2）意义一致(NotionalConcord)这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。1）当主语后面接由aswellas,asmuchas,accompaniedby,including,inadditionto,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,togetherwith等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单、复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。也就是说，我们完全可以将这些词组搬到句首或是放到句末去。从表面上我们也可以看出，它们与主语之间有“，”隔开。例如：Petroleum,alongwithfuelgas,hasrecentlyriseninprice.最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了。Theteacher,withallhisstudents,isgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。Thestudents,togetherwiththeirteacher,aregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。Thewarehouse,withallitsstockings,wasburnedlastnight.昨晚，那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了。我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去，因为它们在句子里是状语：Petroleumhasrecentlyriseninprice,alongwithfuelgas.Alongwithfuelgas,petroleumhasrecentlyriseninprice.Thestudentsaregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekendtogetherwiththeirteacher.Aswellasthesuitcase,themissingthingshavebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.Themissingthingshavebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner,aswellasthesuitcase.2)表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时，其意义若是指总量应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指“有多少数量”则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。例如：Fourweeksareoftenapproximatelyregardedasonemonth.人们常大约地将四个星期看成一个月。Twentyyearsstandsforalongperiodinone’slife.二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。Eightydollarsareenoughforastudenttospendonfoodforoneweek.八十块钱给一个学生吃一个月的伙食是足够的了。3)形容词前加定冠词即“the+形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。例如：Theyoung,ontheonehand,oftenthinkoftheoldconservative.Ontheotherhand,theoldalwaysconsidertheyounginexperience.一方面，青年人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为青年人没有经验。Inmanystories,thegoodarewellrewardedandthebadaredoomedtounfortunate.在许多故事里，好人总是有好报；坏人注定要倒霉。4）当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。例如：Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。Whiteandblackcoffeearerespectivelywelcomedbydifferentpeople.加奶的咖啡与清咖啡都分别受到不同人们的喜爱。5)集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。例如：Thefamilyareallfondoffootball.那一家人都喜欢足球。Thefamilyisthetiniestcellofthesociety.家庭是社会的最小的细胞。Thepublichaseveryreasontobecautiousofprofessionaldeception.人民大众完全有理由谨防职业骗局。Thepublicnowcometoknowthewholestory.人们现在越来越清楚那是怎么回事了。3）就近原则(PrincipleofProximity)这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等。例如：EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任。Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.既不是那些不友好的话，也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧。Notonlyhebutalsoallhisfamilyarekeenonconcerts.不仅仅是他，而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会。Neitherhisfamilynorheknowsanythingaboutit.他全家人和他都不知道那件事。4、考点测试1.Tendays______longenoughforMr.Cartertofinishhisdesign.Hedoesntneedanymore.A.

is

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hadbeentendays作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。（注意时态）答案A2.Now，manypeopleusethewordMsinsteadofMissorMrs，forexample，beforethenamesof______inbusinessletters.A.womanmanager

B.womenmanager

C.womanmanagers

D.womenmanagersnames是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。答案D3.Thenumberofstudentswhofailedthechemistryexamination_____tofifteen.A.haveincreased

B.hasincreased

C.isincreased

D.areincreasingthenumberof谓语动词用单数。答案B4.NeitherJohnnorhisfather_______abletowakeupearlyenoughtocatchthemorningtrain.A.was

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.havebeenneither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。答案A5.Theroomiseight_______long.A.foot

B.foots

C.feet

D.feetsfoot英尺，复数形式feet答案C6.Thehostesstogetherwiththeguestsofhonor________comfortablyinthelivingroom.A.wasseated

B.seated

C.wereseated

D.wereseating谓语与togetherwith前的名词一致，答案A。beseated就坐Pleasebeseatedladiesandgentlmen.Seattheboynexttohisbrother.7.Thefather，ratherthanthebrothers，_______responsiblefortheaccident.A.is

B.are

C.havebeen

D.has主语thefather，单数，beresponsiblefor对……负责，答案A8.EitherCarolorGrace______totheconcert，butoneofthemhastostayhome.A.iscoming

B.arecoming

C.willcoming

D.havecomeeither……or谓语动词与临近主语一致。答案A9.Thetotalamountofmoney______100dollars.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.havemoney不可数名词，谓语动词单数。答案A10.Greatquantitiesoffish_____onhighseas.A.iscaught

B.arecaught

C.catch

D.iscatchingquantities复数形式，答案B第二节动词考试大纲要求动词包括时态、被动语态、动名词、分词以及虚拟语气。（1）动词的分类：及物动词与不及物动词；连系动词；助动词；情态动词。（2）动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去分词、现在分词；不规则动词的形式（3）动词主要时态的构成及其用法。包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，完成进行时，一般将来时，将来完成时，过去将来时。（4）情态动词及其基本用法。（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的形式及主要用法。（6）被动语态的构成及其基本用法。（7）虚拟语气的常见形式及其基本用法。一、动词的分类动词类型在句子中的用法及物动词后面接宾语不及物动词后面不接宾语，或接"介词/副词+宾语"连系动词后面接表语助动词后面接动词原形情态动词后面接动词原形，或接动词的完成式二、动词的基本形式动词除原形外，还有过去式、过去分词和现在分词三种形式。（一）过去式和过去分词的构成1．一般情况下在原形后加-ed。如：work-worked,help-helped。2．以e结尾的单词，在原形后加-d。如：like-liked,joke-joked,hope-hoped.3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的单词，变y为i再加-ed。如：study-studied,carry-carried,copy-copied。4．以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped,prefer-preferred,admit-admitted,plan-planned.有些动词的过去式和过去分词有特殊的形式。cost-cost-costmeet-met-metcatch-caught-caughtrise-rose-risendrive-drove-drivenget-got-got/gottenleave-left-leftsmell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelledtell-told-toldtake-took-taken（二）现在分词的构成1．一般情况下在原形后加-ing。如：go-going,carry-carrying,play-playing,answer-answering,ask-asking。2．以不发音的e结尾的单词，去e加-ing。如：live-living,come-coming,dance-dancing,write-writing。3．以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing。如：sit-sitting,begin-beginning,permit-permitting,run-running,forget-forgetting.有些动词的现在分词有其特殊形式。如：die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying,picnic-picnicking.三、动词的主要时态（一）一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作、现在的特征和状态、普遍真理等。Galileosaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.一般现在时的谓语形式：1．当动词为实义动词，如read,go,look时，谓语用动词原形，否定句在动词前面加donot，疑问句加助动词do。常和always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday等表示时间的状语连用。Igotoschooleveryday.Ireadthenewspapersafterlunch.Doyouagreewithme?(agreewithsb.同意某人观点)Idon'tquiteagreewithyou.主语为第三人称单数时，动词后面一般加s（具体变化规则与名词变复数相同）。否定句加doesnot,疑问句加does.Myfathergetsupatsixeveryday.Helovessports.Doesithurt?DoesMissWuteachusEnglish?Themachinedoesn'trunsmoothly.2．当动词为be时，谓语随人称和数的不同用am,is,are三种形式。Oneisnotguiltyuntilheisproved.在被证明有罪之前，人都是无罪的。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。Sheisn'tafraidtogotoschoolalonenow.AreyoufromYunnan?（befrom来自……地方）Whatshesaysistrue.3．当动词为have,表示"有"时，谓语用have,主语为第三人称单数时，用has.否定句相应用haven't,hasn't,或don'thave,doesn'thave,疑问句将have,has提至主语前面或加助动词do,does.Mysisterhasalotoftoys.Shealwayshavealotofhomeworktodo.Hasshe/Doesshehaveanymoneyonher?Theydon'thave/haven'tmuchexperience.当have作实义动词，如havealook,havebreakfast,havelunch,havesupper时，句子的谓语形式与其他实义动词相同。Let'shavealookatthepicture.Ialwayshavebreakfastathome.Sheoftenhaslunchinthedinninghall.always、often通常放在系动词之后，实意动词之前。1.Itisanacceptedcustominourcountryformentoremovetheirhatswhenawoman______theroom.A.enterB.entersC.enteringD.enteredwheh状语从句中的主语是第三人称单数，答案B2."I'mleavingnow.""Makesure_______thedoor."A.youlockB.you'lllockC.forlockingD.lockingmakesure+动词原型或句子。答案A3.Jeancouldbeaveryattractivegirlbutshe________toherclothes.A.paysnoattentionB.payingnoattentionC.waspayingattentionD.hadpaidattention答案A4."HowdoesAlmalikehernewwork?""She_______withthehours."A.can'tsatisfyB.isn'tsatisfiedC.doesn'tsatisfyD.hasn'tsatisfiedbesatisfiedwith对……满意答案B（二）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况，包括过去的习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：aminuteago,yesterday,lastweek,in1990,duringthenight,inthosedays.用过去时时，说"过多少时间之后"，一般用after,不用in。一般过去时的谓语形式：1．动词为实义动词时，谓语用动词的过去式，否定句在原形前加didnot,疑问句加助动词did.如：Johnsuddenlyfellillyesterday.(fall-fell-fallen)Mymotherdidn'tlookwellwhenIsawherlasttime.Ithappenedafterfourdays.DidtheygotoCanadalastweek?Nothinghappenedsincethen.Hewentoutjustnow.(justnow刚才)Abookthatcostafewjiaoseveralyearsagoisworth30yuannow.2．动词为be,主语是I或第三人称单数时，谓语用was,其他情况用were.如Theywereclassmateswhentheyweretenyearsold.Shewasonceadoctorbutnowshehasretired.Whywereyouabsentfromschoolyesterday?3.动词为have时，肯定句谓语用had.表示"有"时，否定句可用hadnot，疑问句将had提至主语前面，也可与have作实义动词时相同，即否定句用didn'thave,疑问句加助动词did。如：Theydidn'thaveanymoneyleftandtheycouldn'taffordthehouse.Shedidn'thaveanyrestatnoonandcontinuedtowork.DidyouhavedinnerwithMr.Wangatthatfamousrestaurantthedaybeforeyesterday?Wehadabigfactoryfortyyearsago.1.Johnwasfinishinghisassignmentswhenhisfather_______homefromwork.A.cameB.comesC.hascomeD.iscoming主句为过去时，状语从句也为过去时。答案A2.ThefirstzoologicalgardenintheUnitedStates_________inPhiladelphiain1874.(zoo)A.hadestablishedB.hasestablishedC.wasestablishedD.established考试时应先考虑句子是主动还是被动，然后再考虑时态。动物园应该是被建A、D都是主动语态。答案C（三）现在进行时现在进行时主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。可与now,atpresent,atthismoment,thesedays等时间状语连用。现在进行时的谓语形式：am/is/are+现在分词。Whatareyoudoing,Jack?We'retryingtoplanourfuture.Thetrainisnowrapidlyapproachingthecity.(approach接近)Lifeischangingallthetime.Thewomanwhoisstandinghereismymother.动词go,come,leave,stay,arrive,die等用于进行时态中，可以表示将要进行的动作。Thebusisleaving,pleasehurryup.It'sgoingtorain.Don'tforgettotaketheumbrella.Myuncleiscomingtoseeusthisweekend.TheboyisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.（leavefor动身）1.Healthexpertsinmanycountriesstill________theirideasabouttherelationshipsbetweenourfoodandourhealth.A.havetestedB.testedC.aretestingD.teststill（仍旧）一般用于进行时。still一般放在系动词后面，实义动词前面。答案C2.Whatisthisnoise?Tellmewhat_______here.A.wentonB.goesonC.isgoingonD.willgoon答案C（四）过去进行时过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。过去进行时的谓语形式：was/were+现在分词。Mysonwaspracticingthepianothistimeyesterdayevening.WhenIcalledhim,hewashavinghisbreakfast.Whilewewerehavingameeting,Marycameinandtoldustheterriblenews.Iwasleavingtheroomwhenthetelephonerang.1.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe_____untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.comes现在完成时表明的是过去的动作对现在的影响或持续到现在。hadbeen过去完成时，表示过去的过去。wascoming用过去进行时表示将要的动作。答案B2."WhatwereyoudoingwhenAnnaphonedyou?""Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_______totakeabath.'A.startingB.tostartC.havestartedD.wasstartingwhatwereyoudoing提问的是过去进行时。答案D（五）一般将来时一般将来时主要表示准备做的事、将要发生的动作情况、按计划安排要发生的事。一般将来时的谓语形式：1．am/is/aregoingto+动词原形2．will/shall+动词原形（shall用于第一人称）3．am/is/are+不定式We'llhaveeggsandtoastforbreakfastthismorning.Howareyougoingtospendyoursummervacation?Ithinkit'sgoingtorain.Wearegoingtothezootomorrow.Thefactoryistogointoproduction.ThelineistobeopenedtotrafficonMayDay.Themachinewon'twork.Themeetingwon'tlastlong.beaboutto可表示即将做某事。Heisabouttoleave.Mymotherisabouttoretire.一般将来时有时还可以用来表示一种倾向。Cropswilldiewithoutwater.WheneverIhavetime,I'llgoandseeyou.Whoeverfailstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.Oilwillfloatonwater.用ShallI…?Shallwe…?开头可以表示征求对方的意见。肯定回答用"Yes,please"或"Pleasedo";否定回答用"No,pleasedon't"等来回答。--ShallIclosethewindow,it'stoocoldhere.--Yes,please.(No,Pleasedon't.)--Shallwecallataxi?--Yes,let's.(No,Idon'tthinkweshall.)时间和条件状语主句是将来时，从句中一般不能用将来时态，而用现在时态代替。Lipingwillletyouhavethebookwhenheisthrough.（主动语态里let后面再出现动词省略to）Weshallhelpyouifyouaskus.I'llaskmymotherassoonasshecomes.Itwillbesixyearsbeforewemeetagain.Shewillmissthetrainunlessshehurriesup.1.Nomatterhowmuch_______,itwellbeworthit.A.willthewatchcostB.thewatchwillcostC.doesthewatchcostD.thewatchcosts状语从句主句将来时从句用一般现在时。howmuch+主语+谓语单问表的价钱：Howmuchdoesthewatchcost?答案D2.Althoughhepromisedtochange,I'mstillwonderingwhenhe______abletoputhisheartintohisstudies.A.wasB.willbeC.beD.werebeabletodo选项C中when是时间状语从句，谓语不直接跟系动词be。答案B3."WillSusangetherPh.D.?""Itislikelythatshe_______."A.willB.doesC.willdoitD.getsit用将来时提问直接用将来时回答即可。答案A4."DidyouvisitGracelastsummer?""No,butI______herovertheChristmasvacation."A.willseeB.beseenC.haveseenD.havebeenseeing答案A5.Mr.AndMrs.ZhangaregoingtoBrazilnextweekandthey_______toMexicolaterinthemonth.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.wentD.havegone答案A6."Aretheregoingtobemanypeopleatyourpartytoday?""Wehopethat_________."A.therewillbeB.thereisC.thereareD.therearegoingto答案A7."Whenwilltheplanearrive?""I'lltellyouwhenI_______."A.willfindoutB.findoutC.amfindingoutD.havebeenfindingout时间状语从句和条件状语从句中主句为将来时则从句用一般现在时。findout查出原因find发现lookfor寻找答案B（六）过去将来时过去将来时主要表示在过去某个时间打算要做的事，或从过去某个时间看来将要发生的事。过去将来时常用于间接引语中。过去将来时的谓语形式：1．was/weregoingto+动词原形2．would/should+动词原形3．was/wereto+动词原形Weneverimaginedthatmysisterwouldbecomeadoctor.Hesaidhewouldcomebackthenextday.Ithoughtyouwouldn'thaveanyobjectiontoit.（objectiontosth.反对某事）Weweresurewewouldwinfinalvictory.Heinformedusthetrainwastoleaveatsix.Ididn'tknowwhentheyweregoingtocomeagain.Hewasabouttogettherewhenitbegantorain.YouknewIwouldcome.1.Theythoughtit________funtotakethecar.A.canbeB.willbeC.wouldbeD.hasbeen答案C2."HasJohnfinishedthereport?""No,heknewthathe_________timetofinishitbytomorrow."A.won'thaveB.willhaveC.wouldn'thaveD.shallnothave答案C（七）现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的但对现在有影响的动作，或从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。现在完成时的谓语形式：have/has+过去分词。现在完成时常常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用，副词just,already,yet,never,ever,lately,recently,sofar等也常用于现在完成时中。Thecarhasarrived.Myparentshavehadagoodeducation.Ihaveboughtadictionary.Thedelegationhasalreadyleft.Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthefirsttwochapters.Wehaven'thadmuchrainthiswinter.Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommyparents.(justalreadyneverever放在have、has后面，过去分词前面)Wehaven'treachedanagreementyet.Havetheygottheplanyet?Mymotherhasbeenateacherforthirtyyearsandnowshehasretired.（她退休已经十年了不能用Shehasbeenretiredfortenyears表达，retire不能表一段延续的时间，有for或since时谓语动词一定是可以表延续的动词）Mymotherhasbeenateachersinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.Mymotherhasbeenateachersincetenyearsago.for接一段延续的时间，since后接过去时的句子或时间状语。IhavebeenheresincelastOctober.Mysisterhascaughtabadcold.Shehasbeenillforaweek.完成时态的运用还应注意以下两点1．come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,become,join,getup等表示短暂性动作的动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，这些动作需用表示状态的词替代。Ihavehadthiscoatforoneyear.(替代havebought)Myunclehasbeenbackfortwodays.(替代hascomeback)Thetrainhasbeenawayforanhour.(替代hasleft)Thetwinbrothershavebeeninthearmyforthreeyears.(替代havejoinedthearmy)Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.(替代hasbegun)We'vebeenupfortwohours.(替代havegotup)2．havebeento与havegoneto的区别havebeento表示"去过某地"或"去干过某事"，人现在已经回来了；havegoneto表示"去某地了"或"去干某事了"，人还没有回来。WehavebeentotheGreatWall.I'vebeentoseeadoctor.Ihavebeentothelibrary.Hehasgonetothelibrary.WhereisXiaoWang?-HehasgonetoShanghai.1."Who'sthatgood-lookinggirlFrankisdancingwith?""Idon'tknow.I______herbefore."A.hadneverseenB.wasneverseeingC.haveneverseenD.neverseen答案C2."Sorry,I'malittlebitlate.""Oh,I______herejustafewminutes."A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.amD.willbe答案A3."Whataboringspeaker!""Yes,bythetimehefinishes,everyone________."A.wasasleepB.willasleepC.hasbeenasleepD.sleptasleep只能放在系动词后面。答案C4.WeusedtogoskatinginMichiganeverywinter,butI______forthepastfiveseasons.A.don'tgoB.haven'tgoneC.amnotgoingD.didn'tgo答案Busedtodo过去常常做某事5.Lead_______asamaterialforsculpturesincethetimeoftheearlyGreeks.A.hasused