Unit14期中语法复习讲义牛津译林版英语八年级上册

8Aunit14涉及语法点：Unit1形容词的比较级、最高级大部分形容词都有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。比较级用于比较两个人或事物，用于说明前者比后者“更······”；最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，说明在所有人或事物中某一个“最····..”。1）形容词比较级、最高级的构成（1）规则变化类别变化规律例词单音节词和部分双音节词一般情况在原级词尾加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。short→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallest以e结尾的词，直接加r或st。wide→wider→widestlarge→larger→largest重读闭音节，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的词，先双写这一辅音字母再加er或est。（以辅+元+辅结尾的）big→bigger→biggest①thin→thinner→thinnesthot→hotter→hottest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变y为i，再加er或est。happy→happier→happiestheavy→heavier→heaviest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful（2）不规则变化有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。例如：原级比较级最高级good\wellbetterbestbad\badly\illworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestlittlelessleastmany\muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2)形容词比较级和最高级的用法涉及考点：1）形容词比较级的用法“形容词比较级＋than”表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况。形容词的比较级可用much，alot，far，alittle，abit，still，even等词进行修饰。IgetupearlierthanTom.我比汤姆起得早。Iamgoodatmath，buthisEnglishis thanmine. （黄石中考）A.muchbetterB.morebetterC.verybetterD.prettybetter解析：much可修饰比较级，意为“······得多”，常见的修饰比较级的词有much，alot，far，alittle，abit，still，even等。 答案：A“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“moreandmore＋原级（多音节和部分双音节词）”意为“越来越····..”。Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.天气变得越来越凉爽了。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越······就越······”。Thebusierheis，thehappierhefeels.他越忙越感到高兴。替代在比较级句式中，为了避免重复，经常用that（单数）或those（复数）代替前面出现的名词。Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofacat.兔子的耳朵比猫的耳朵长。“A＋系动词＋the＋比较级＋ofthetwo（＋可数名词复数）”意为“A是两者中比较······的”。Jimisthemoreoutgoingofthetwo.吉姆是这两人中比较外向的。表示两个人或事物作对比，并进行选择时，常用句型为“Which／What／Who...＋比较级，AorB？”。WhoisbetteratChinese，BoborMike？鲍勃和麦克谁更擅长汉语？“否定词＋比较级”结构表示最高级含义。 LiMingisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeenmorepopular.李明很高兴，因为他工厂里生产的衣服从没像现在这么受欢迎。比较级+than+anyother+名词单数形式ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.（上海在中国这个范围内，所以用anyother）ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJiangsu.（上海不在江苏，所以只需用any）比较级+than+theother+名词复数形式以下三句表达的是同一个意思。Danielisthemosthardworkingstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthantheotherstudentsinourclass.HowdoyoulikethesongChengdusungbyZhaoLei？Oh,Ihaveneverenjoyeda onebefore.A.worstB.bestC.worseD.better解析：句意为：“你觉得赵雷唱的《成都》怎么样？”“哦，我从来没有听过比这更好听的歌曲。”比较级与否定词连用表示最高级的含义。答案：D2）形容词最高级的用法“the＋形容词最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”意为“是······中最······的”。Lilyistheoldestofthesechildren.莉莉是这些孩子中年龄最大的。Sheistheyoungestinherclass.她在班里年龄最小。oneofthe+adj最高级+名词复数+谓语动词单数表示“最….之一的”the+序数词+adj最高级+名词.有Ihavewatched.“我见过的”这样的标志用最高级It’s______________(interest)filmthatIhavewatched..Unit2副词的比较级、最高级涉及考点：1）表示数量的词的比较级和最高级more．．．than．．．意为“······比······多”，more是many和much的比较级，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 Therearemoretreesinmycitythaninyours.我们的城市里的树比你们城市里的多。fewer／less．．．than．．．意为“······比······少”，fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词。Davidisagoodboy.Healwaysmakesfewermistakesthanothers.戴维是个好孩子。他总是比别人少犯错误。Shespendslessmoneyonclothesthanyou.她在衣服上花的钱比你少。themost意为“最多”，后面既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。thefewest／least意为“最少”，前者修饰可数名词复数，后者修饰不可数名词。few—fewer—fewest(后面加可数名词复数)little—less—least(后加不可数名词)Thereare________boysthangirlsinourclass.(few)Weneed__________(little)moneyand________(few)peopletodothework.Ihave___________(little)freetimethanJohn.Ofallthegirls,shemakes________(few)mistakes.much/many—more—most________

peoplecametothemeetingthanlasttime.(many)few表“没几个”，否定,little表示”没有多少”，否定()TheMathsproblemissodifficultthat_________studentscanworkitout.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle关于数量的固定搭配atleast(至少)atmost(至多)moreorless（差不多）Thereare500booksat________(little)2）副词的比较级和最高级的构成副词的比较级和最高级的规则构成变化同形容词一样。而不规则的，需要特殊记忆。3）副词比较级的用法 副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级的用法相似，常用“比较级＋than” 结构表示相比较的两者的差别。②副词比较级前可加much，alot，far，even，alittle等修饰成分来表示程度或加强语气。Hewokeearlierthanusual.他比以往醒得早。3）副词最高级的用法副词的最高级通常用于一定的比较范围，后跟ofall...，of...，in..，among..等短语。Ofallthesubjects，IlikeEnglish（the）best.所有课程中，我最喜欢英语。小试牛刀形容词比较级和最高级。(1).The__________(many)treesyouplant,the__________(beautiful)ourcountrywillbe.(2).Thisoneisexpensive,I’dlikea___________(cheap)one.(3).Heis____________(tired)thanyesterday.(4).Heis_____________(thin)ofall.(5).LiLeiisa____________boyinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis__________thananyotherboyinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis___________thantheotherboysinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis___________boyinourclass.(tall)(6).TheYellowRiveristhesecond___________(long)riverinChina.(7).Hismoneyis___________thanmine.(少)Hemade___________mistakesthanbefore.(少)(8).The____________(happy)ofthetwoismygoodfriend.(9).TheweatherinJianhuiscold.TheweatherinBeijingiscolder.TheweatherinJianhuis_________than________inBeijing.(10).Ofthethreesubjects,Englishisthemostinteresting.==Englishismoreinterestingthanthe________________subjects.单项选择：()1.HowlongwillPhilipstayhere?Two________weekstillheleaves.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most()2.Whichofthoseradiossounds________?Thesmallestone.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best()3.OfthetwoTshirts,I’dchoosethe___onetosavesomemoneyforabook.A.cheapestB.cheaperC.moreexpensiveD.mostexpensive()4.Simon’sideais________Sandy’s.Theydon’tagreewitheachother.A.thesameasB.similartoC.asgoodasD.differentfrom()5.I’mmuch______thanmytwofriends,butIjump________ofusthree.A.taller;higherB.shorter;higherC.taller;highestD.shorter;highest()6.WasHenrylatefortheconcertyesterday?No.Hegotthereeventenminutes______thanustwo.A.earlierB.earliestC.laterD.latest()7.IsLinda’shome________awayfromschoolthanMillie’s?Yes,itis.LindalivestwomilesawaybutMillielivesnearby.A.fartherB.farthestC.furtherD.furthest()8.Lilyis________hardworkingthananyotherstudentinherclass.A.muchB.moreC.mostD.themost()9.I’mhisbestfriend.IknowhimwellProbably_________thananyoneelse.A.lessB.widerC.betterD.deeper()10.MarkspeaksEnglishwell,butyou________him.A.speakasbadlyasB.speakworsethanC.don’tspeaksobadlyasD.speakmuchbetterthan()11.MrsKingkeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch_______shewasgetting.B.heavierC.theheavierD.theheaviest()12.Peterdrives____Amy,soitwilltakePeter____timetogettothehotel.fasterthan;lessB.moreslowlythan;lessC.asfastas;moreD.asslowlyas;more()13.ThismorningJackcametoschool____than______studentinhisclass.late;anyB.muchlate;anyotherC.muchlater;anyD.muchlater;anyother()14.Danielisacarefuldriver,buthedrives________ofmyfriends.A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully()15.Whenanearthquakehappens,andyouareoutdoors,youshouldkeepcalmandgotoanopenareaas_______aspossible.A.slowlyB.quietlyC.widelyD.quickly()16.Haven'tseenyouforages!Youarenowmuch________thanI.B.tallerC.tallest()17.Howareyoutoday,Bob?I'meven______now.Idon'tthinkthemedicineisgoodforme.A.betterB.worseC.happierD.unluckier()18.Helenlearnstodancethreetimesaweek.Nowshedances___Anitadoes.A.sogoodasB.aswellasC.asgoodasD.sowellasUnit3原级（as...as)、反身代词涉及考点：1）as…..as与….一样A+beas+adj.原形+asB“A与B一样。。。”A+V+as+adv.原形+asB“A与B一样。。。”Thisradioisas______________

asthatone.(cheap)A+be+notas/so+adj.原形+as“A不如B。。。”A+助动词否定+V（原型）+as/so+adv.原形+as“A不如B。。。”()Ican’tdothejob_______you.A.sobadasB.asbadlyasC.asworseasD.soworstas()inthesportsmeeting,Amyran______________.A.asfasterasshecan B.assoonasshecould C.asfastasshecouldD.assoonasshecanso+原形()Studentsareverybusybecausetheyhaveso_______bookstoreadandso_______homeworktodoeveryday.A.many,manyB.much,muchC.many,muchD.much,many2）反身代词反身代词单数复数第一人称：myselfourselves第二人称：yourselfyourselves第三人称：himself/herself/itselfthemselves常和反身代词连用的动词短语：enjoyoneself过得开心，玩得愉快lookafteroneself=takecareofoneself照顾自己hurtoneself伤到某人自己helponeselfto…请随便吃…washoneself洗澡make…byoneself自己做,独立完成dressoneself穿衣buy…foroneself/buyoneselfsth给自己买东西lookatoneselfinthemirror照镜子saytooneself自言自语teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学hideoneself隐藏某人自己etooneself苏醒makeyourselfathome别拘束leavesbbyoneself把某人单独留下loseoneself迷失方向，迷路foroneself（用作副词）(1)为了自己例如：Shekeptthebiggestpieceofpieforherself.她把最大的一块馅饼给了自己。(2)亲自，独自，独立（做……），相当于withoutbeinghelped，与byoneself同义。例如：Youshouldworkouttheproblemforyourself.你应该独立解决这个问题。byoneself（用作副词）(1)独自一人(=alone)例如：Sheusedtositbyherselfandread.她从前常常独自坐着看书。(2)独立地，单独地=withouthelp，与foroneself同义。例如：Hefinisheditbyhimself.他独立完成那件事。注意：★反身代词和它所指代的对象在人称、性别、数上必须保持一致。★反身代词在句中不能单独作主语或宾语，但是它可以作主语或宾语的同位语，放在主语或宾语后或句末。如：Thestoryitselfisveryinteresting.这个故事本身很有趣。（误）Myselfdrovethecar.（正）Imyselfdrovethecar.我自己开车。★反身代词可以作表语。如：I'mnotquitemyselftoday.我今天情绪不好。小试牛刀词汇填空1.Tom,you’dbetterasktheteacher__________.2.Thequestioniseasy,andIcanworkitout_________.3.Herparentsteach___________Japaneseeveryday.4.Theboydidn’thurt________.5.Didtheyenjoy__________yesterday?6.Weareoldenoughtolookafter_______.7.Ibought________aCDasmybirthdaypresentyesterday.8.TheClass1,Grade8studentsenjoyed_________intheschooltrip.9.Thegirlislucky.Shedidn'thurt___________10.—Help________tosomejuice,boysandgirls.—Thanks.单项选择()—You’dbetterkeepthesecretto_________,MillieandLily.—OK,Amy.Canyoukeepitfor_________?A.yourself;youB.myself;yourselfC.yourselves;usD.you;ourselvesUnit4建议句型涉及考点：“521”原则【考点聚焦】主语+hadbetter(not)dosth..该句型用于表示对下级、晚辈的劝告,往往带有命令、强制的语气,意为“某人最好（不要）做某事”。eg:You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyoutoday.今天你最好带把伞在身边。You'dbetternottellher.你最好不要告诉她。Youshould(not)do...,意为“你（不）应该做……”。should的语气比hadbetter要委婉。eg:Youshouldpleteyourtestintime.你们应该及时完成你们的试验。Youshouldnotplaywiththeknifeinclass.你不应该在课堂上玩小刀。【知识拓展】初中英语中提建议的句型有很多,在不同的场合使用不同的句型表达会有不同的效果。Whydon'tyou/wedosth.？表示向对方提出一种建议或询问某种原因,暗含有责备对方的意思,意为“为什么不……？”。What/Howabout(doing)sth.?如果是在讨论式的谈话中,可用该句型提出一个建议或引出一个新话题。Wouldyoulike／love(todo)sth.?这是一个很委婉的表示建议的句型,并带有与对方商量的意味,意为“你想要（做）……吗？”。ShallI／wedosth.？此句型是用来提建议或征求对方意见的,意为“我（们）做……好吗？”,语气委婉,商量的语气较浓。Let'sdosth.当你觉得可以直截了当地向对方提出建议,让对方和自己一起去做某事时,常用该句型,意为“咱们做……吧。”该句型后常加附加问句“shallwe?”,使语气更加委婉。小试牛刀单项选择()1.You______yourcoffeebeforeitturnscold.A.shoulddrinkB.shoulddrinks C.shoulddrinkingD.shouldtodrink()2.Theclothes________inthewardrobe(衣柜).Putthemonthebed.A.shouldputB.shouldnotbeputC.shouldbenotputted D.shouldputted()3.—Mum,canIdothehomeworktomorrow?—You_______finishittoday.A.hadbetterB.hadrather C.hadbetterdon’t D.hadrathernot()4.Hisunclebeverypoor,butnowhehasbeenveryrich.A.usedtoB.hastoC.hadbetter D.hadto()5.—WhataboutgoingtoseeTheRedSorghumtonight?—________Tobehonest,I'mveryinterestedinMoYan'sworks.A.Sowhat?B.Forgetit!C.Notreally.D.That'sgreat!()6.—Ican’trememberthewords