2021年英语中考11-阅读理解-文段大意题 （原卷板）

学霸笔记阅读理解一一文段大意篇

1.[2020•山东潍坊市】ShameemwasborninasmallvillageinPakistan.Inhervillage,itwas

atraditiontokeepgirlsinsidetheirhomes.Theywerenotallowedtogetaneducation.

Fortunately,Shameem'suncle,auniversityteacher,wantedtogiveherachancetoseethe

world.HeofferedShameemachancetoattendschool.Soshebecametheonlygirlstudentin

herclass.

However,Shameemstruggledtocompleteherschooling.Togetpermissionforcollege,

shewentonthree-day-hungerstrike（抗议）.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Shameemgota

positioninnon-profitorganization（非营利性组织）workingtohelpwomeninrural（农村

的）areas.

There,shesawaPakistanthatshedidn'tknow.Untilthen,shethoughtshehadadifficult

life.Butthere,shesawwhatwomeninotherpartsofPakistanwereexperiencing.Somewomen

had11children,butnothingtofeedthem.Theywouldwalkthreehourseverydaytogetwater.

Shameemfoundthatthepositionwasmorethanjustajobforher.Shediscoveredher

power.Bysettinganexample,herexperiencecouldencouragemorepeopletounderstandthe

importanceofeducationandsendtheirdaughterstoschool.

Now,Shameemteachesinaruralschoolinherhometown."ThefirstdayIwalkedintothe

school/*shesaid,"IsawalltheselittleShameemsstaringatmewithdreamsintheireyes,the

samedreamoffreedomwhich1hadinmychildhood."

Today,thereisnotasinglegirlinhervillagewhodoesn'tgotoschool.

10.What'sthemainideaofParagraph4?

A.Shameemwalkedthreehourstogetwater.B.Shameemusedtoknowher

homelandwell.

C.Womenandchildrenwereshortoffood.D.Women*ssituationwasmoreawful

thanexpected.

2.【2020•江苏盐城】AllaboutElectricCars

Electricvehicles（电动车辆）havebeenaroundformorethanahundredyears.Butthey

havereallybeenlikedbyalargenumberofpeopleoverthelasttenyears.Morethanthree

millionall-electriccarstrucksandvansarenowontheroadworldwide.

HelpingtheEnvironment

Mostcarsrunongasoline（汽油）.Burninggasolineandotherfossilfuels（矿物燃料）

producesgreenhousegases.Electricvehiclesdon'tbumgasoline.Instead,strongbatteriesrun

theirelectricengines.So,electricvehiclesdon'tdirectlyproducegreenhousegases.

PoopPower!

Electricvehiclesarebetterfortheenvironment.Buttheyarenotperfect.Theirbatteries

oftenuseelectricity（电）thatwasmadebyburningfossilfuels.Butanelectricvehicleusesless

energythanavehiclethatrunsongasoline.Plus,someoftheelectricitycomesfrom“greener”

sources,suchassolarandwindpower.Andsomemaysooncomefromanewsource一cow

poop（牛粪）！Anelectriccarcompanyhasworkedtogetherwithalargedairyfarm.Theyplanto

makeelectricityusingagreenhousegasfromcowpoop.

AlwaysImproving

Oneoftheproblemsforelectricvehiclesistheirlimitedrange.Thisishowfartheycan

travelbeforetheirbatteriesneedanothercharge（充电）.Butnowtheirrangeisimproving.Some

newelectricvehiclescantravelalmostthreetimesasfarasolderonesdid.Anotherproblemis

findingaplacetorechargethebatteries.Butthenumberofchargingstationsisgoingupaswell.

Chinanowhasthousandsmorechargingstationsthanitdidtenyearsago.InSweden,engineers

haveevendesignedaroadthatwillchargeelectricvehiclesastheydrivealong.

40.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Reasonsforbuyingnewelectriccars.

B.Importanceofelectriccarsinourlife.

C.Waystoproducemoreelectricvehicles.

D.Problemsandimprovementsofelectricvehicles.

3.[2020•山东日照】

Mobilephonesareoneofthemostusefulinventionsofthelast50years,butnoteverything

thatissaidaboutthemisgood.Mobilesareoftenbelievedtobethecauseofanumberofthings

frompooreyesightandheadachestohousefires.There'sevenonetheorythatmobilephones

shouldberesponsibleforthedisappearanceofbees!

Thetheoryisthattheradiation（辐射）givenoffbymobilephonesdoesgreatharmtobees*

navigationsystems（导航系统）.Beeshavebuilt-insystemabitlikeGPSandthishelpsthem

findtheirwaybacktotheirhives.Butrecently,thousandsofbeeshavefailedtofindtheirway

home.Itisbelievedtheyaredyingfarfromtheirhives.

TheproblemwasfirstnoticedbybeekeepersinAmericaandisalotmoreseriousthanitat

firstseems.Theimportantthingaboutbeesisthatmostofthecropsinmanycountriesofthe

worldarepollinatedbythem.Withoutbees,thecropscan'tcontinuetogrow.Manybeekeepers

inEuropehavereportedlosingbetween50and70percentoftheirbees.JimPiper,London

beekeeper,saidtothereporter,"Mybusinessisbecomingworse.Twenty-nineofmyforty

hivesarenowempty.*'

Nobodyknowsforsurewhetherthetheoryistrueornot,butit'safactthatbeesare

disappearinginverylargenumbers.Andwecan'tmanagewithoutthem.Einsteinsaidthatifall

ourbeesdisappeared,manwouldonlyliveforfourmoreyears!Ifthemobilephonetheoryis

correct,weneedtodosomethingaboutitrightnow-beforeit'stoolate.

43.Theunderlinedword"pollinate"probablymeans""inChinese.

A.授粉B.污染C.啃食D.催熟

44.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?

A.Cropswillstopgrowing.B.Beekeepers'businessisgetting

worse.

C.Bees'disappearingisaseriousproblem.D.BeekeepersinEuropefoundthe

problemfirst.

4.[2020•四川省甘孜州】

OnaweekendduringSpringFestival,myparentsandIweresittinginarestaurant.The

drinksandfoodweregood,sowhenwefinished,myfatherleftatip（小费）.Aswewereabout

toopenthedoor,thewaitercaughtupwithus.Hegavethetipbacktous.Mydadforgotthat

hereisChina,andtippingisnotcommon.

However,insomecountries,tippingisthenorm.That'sthewayitisintheUS.Ifssaidto

begoodmannerstotipyourwaiter,taxidriver,hairdresser,doormanandsoon.Andhowmuch

youtipdependsontheservice,whichcanreallyputyourmathskillstothetest!Butweusually

giveatipthatis15-20%ofthebill.

Sowhyisthereastrongcustomoftipping?IntheUS,waitershaveaverylowincome（收

入）.Theydependontipstopaytheirbills.AsaUSwriteroncewroteaboutherexperienceasa

waitress,U4ItwasdifficultandIlivedanddiedbymytips."

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“norm"meaninParagraph2?

A.Idea.B.Custom.C.Bill.

44.Whatcanbethetipfora$100billaccordingtothewriter?

A.$8.B.$10.C.$18.

45.Thelastparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.whoneedtipsfortheirlife

B.howtheUSwritermadeherlife

C.whytippingispopularintheUS

5.[2020•江苏连云港】Areyougoodwithmoney?Doyougetpocketmoneyfromyour

parentsordoyouworktomakemoney?ReadontofindoutaboutBritishteenagersandtheir

money!

Pocketmoney

MostteenagersinBritainreceivepocketmoneyfromtheirparents.Theymighthavetodo

somehouseworktogetpocketmoney,includingcleaning,cooking,washingdishesandsoon.

Part-timework

Apart-timejobisachoiceforteenagerswhodon'thavepocketmoneyorwhowanttoget

extramoney.About15%teenagershaveajob.Onlychildrenovertheageof13canwork.

Popularpart-timejobsforteensincludebabysitting,delivering（递送）newspapers,restaurant

workandshopwork.ChildreninBritaincanworktwohoursadayatthemostonaschoolday

butnotduringschoolhours.Duringweekendsandschoolholidays,theycanworklongerhours.

Bankaccounts（账户）

Somechildrenandteenagershaveabankaccount.Thereisnoagelimitatwhichyoucan

openabankaccount,butabankmanagercandecidewhethertoopenanaccountforachildora

youngperson.Parentscanputpocketmoneydirectlyintotheirchild'sbankaccount.Most

bankshaveaprepaidbankcarddesignedforyoungpeople.

Mobileapps

Manycompanieshavemademobileappsforchildren,includingGoHenry,Osperand

Gimi.Parentscanaddmoneytotheirchildren'saccountsandchecktoseehowthemoneyis

spent.Childrencanchoosetosavetheirmoneyorspenditusingacard.Theappssuggestthat

kidsfrom8to13canusethecards.

So,manyteenagersaregettingexperienceworkingpart-time,dealingwithbanksand

decidingwhethertosaveorspendtheirmoney.Theseareallstepstowardsbecominga

financiallyindependent（经济独立的）personandmakingandlookingafteryourownmoney.

37.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtogetalongwellwiththebankmanagers.

B.Howtodealwithbankaccountsandmobileapps.

C.HowBritishteenagersworkpart-timetomakemoney.

D.HowBritishteenagersmakeandmanagetheirmoney.

6.[2020•江苏淮安】

IfONSAWYER

Thetwoboys,TomandHuck,wereveryfrightenedbecausetheyworriedaboutbeing

foundbyInjunJoeandhisfriend.Throughtheholeinthefloor,thetwoboysupstairssawthe

meneatandtalk.Thenthemenweretiredandfellasleep.TomandHucklaythereforavery

longtime.Finally,thetwomenwokeupandliftedupastoneinthegroundandtookoutsome

moneytheyhadstolen.ThenInjunJoeliftedupanotherstoneandfoundabox.

"What'sthis?"InjunJoeasked.

Thetwomenpulledtheboxoutofthegroundandopenedit.Thetwoboys,TomandHuck,

couldseetherewasmuchmoneyinit.Theywereveryexcited.

"There'sthousandsofdollarsinthebox!"saidhisfriend.

"ItmusthavebeenleftherebyMurrel,"saidInjunJoe.

"Whatwillwedowithit?"

"Welltakeittomyhideout（隐匿处）

"Numberoneornumbertwo?"

"Numbertwo,underthecross.*'

ThenInjunJoeandhisfriendsawsometoolsinthecorneranddecidedtogoupstairs.But

thestairsbrokewhenInjunJoestoodonthem!Sothetwomenleftthehouseandwenttowards

theriver.Tomwenthomeasquicklyashecould.

Thenextday,thetwoboysrememberedthe"Numbertwo”,thinkingthismustbethe

numberoftheroominthehotel.Theygotallthekeystheycouldfindanywhere.ButTom

discoveredthedoorwasnotlocked.Heopenedit!

—AdaptedfromTheAdventureofTomSawyer

35.Fromthestory,wecanknow.

A.InjunJoeandhisfriendfoundmanyworksofartinthebox

B.TomfollowedthemenwhenInjunJoeandhisfriendleftthehouse

C.Tomthought"Numbertwo"wasthenumberoftheroominthehotel

D.Tomopenedthedooroftheroominthehotelwiththekeythathefound

7.【2020•湖南长沙】

OnJune9th,1870,CharlesDickensdiedattheageof58.Thenextday,aheadlineinThe

NewYorkTimesread:"DeathoftheGreatNovelist...WillBeRememberedbythePeople...”

Theheadlinewasnotoverstating（夸大）thepopularityofDickens.Eventoday,the

Britishnovelistislovedbyreadersallovertheworld.Dickenscreatedsomeunforgettable

characters.Youmusthaveheardoforevenreadsomeofhisnovels:OliverTwist,AChristmas

CarolandATaleofTwoCities.ATaleofTwoCitieshassoldmorethan200millioncopies.

Since1897,therehavebeenmorethan300filmandTVadaptations（改编版本）ofDickens1

works.AChristmasCarolalonehashadnearly50.

NatalieMcknightisaliteratureprofessor（文学教投）whostudiesDickensandhisworks.

Sheexplainswhythenovelisthasremainedsopopular.Oneimportantreason,shesays,isthat

Dickenswrotefromhisheart.Hetriedhardtoproduceemotionaleffects（情感效果）among

hisreaders.Inhisworks,hepaidspecialattentiontothe"littleman"atthebottomofsocietyin

theUK,whichdeeplymirroredthesocialrealityatthattime.AChristmasCarol,forexample,

waswrittentomakeeveryreaderthinkabouthowtheycouldmakeadifferencetotheirsociety.

Peoplealwaysenjoyworksthatmakethemlaugh,cryandthink.Manyother19,h-century

novelistswroteentertaining（娱乐的）works.However,fewofthemworkedashardas

Dickenstotouchthereadersdeeply.

Dickenswroteaboutsituationsandemotionsthatstillinterestpeopletoday.Heusedhis

pentofightsocialinequalityandgavevoicetothepoor.Hisworksledtomanyimportant

socialchanges.Readersalwaysenjoyseeingpoorpeopleriseandsucceed.

Thisyearmarksthe150thyearofDickens'death.It'sanotherchancetorememberthisgreat

writer.Willyoureadorre-readsomeofhisfamousworks?

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inequality"meaninParagraph4?

A.不平等B.不现实C.不稳定

30.Thepurposeofwritingthistextisprobablyto.

A.introduceCharlesDickens'lifeanddeath

B.encouragereaderstoreadorre-readCharlesDickens*works

C.presentthesimilaritiesbetweenCharlesDickensandotherwriters

8.（2020•湖北孝感】Acoupleoftenwentshoppingtogether.Theybothlikedteacups.Oneday

theysawabeautifulteacupinastore.Astheypickeditup,itsuddenlyspoke.

"Ihaven'talwaysbeenateacup.OnceIwasredclay.Mymasterrolled（揉、搓）meover

andoverandIshouted,butheonlysmiled.**

"ThenIwasplacedonarollingwheelandsuddenlyIwentaroundandaround.'Stop!,I

cried,butthemasteronlynodded.n

“Thenheputmeintheoven.Ihadneverfeltsohot.Icouldseehimthroughtheopening

andIcouldreadhiswords,'Notyet.'"

"Finallythedooropened,andhetookmeoutandputmeonashelf.Thenhebrushedme

andputmebackintotheoven.Thistimeitwastwiceashot.Ibegged.Icried.Icouldseehim

throughtheopeningnoddinghishead,saying,'Notyet.'n

"ThenIknewtherewasn'tanyhope.Iwasreadytogiveup,butthedooropenedandIwas

takenoutandplacedonashelf.Laterhehandedmeamirrorandsaid,Lookatyourself.'Isaid,

,Thatcan'tbeme.Ifsbecautiful!,n

”'Iwantyoutoremember/hesaid,'ifIhadjustleftyouwithoutrolling,you'dhavedried

up.If1hadstoppedrollingyouaroundonthewheel,youwouldhavebeenoutofshape.IfI

hadn'tputyouintheoven,youwouldhavebroken.IfIhadn'tbrushedyouallover,youwould

nothaveanycolorinyourlife.IfIhadn'tputyoubackinthatovenforthesecondtime,you

wouldn'tbekeptforverylongbecausethehardnesswouldnothaveheld.Nowyouarea

finishedproduct.YouarewhatIhadinmindwhenIfirststartedwithyou.”

37.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat.

A.themasterknewhowtomaketheteacupB.themasterdislikedtheteacup

C.theteacupwilldryupifitisrolledD.theteacupwillbeonsale

38.Whatlessondoesthepassagemainlyteachus?

A.Beautifullookwon'tberefusedbypeople.

B.Don'tgiveupanychanceinfrontofyou.

C.Caringaboutothersmakestheworldwonderful.

D.Goingthroughhardtimecanmakeyoubetter.

9.[2020•湖1匕咸宁】Inyoursparetime,doyouhelpyourparentswithchores（杂活）around

thehouse?Canyoucookforyourfamily?

Inordertostress（强调）theimportanceofhard-workingspiriteducation（劳动教育）

amongstudentsofdifferentages,theCommunistPartyofChinaCentralCommittee（中共中央）

recentlyreleased（发布）aguideline（指导纲要）.

Theguidelinecallsforstudentstorespectlaborwork.Studentsshouldlearnbasiclife

skillsandformgoodworkinghabitsthroughsucheducation.

Thegovernmenthasbeentryingtostresstheimportanceofhard-workingspiriteducation.

Butthishasbeenoverlooked（忽视）inrecentyears.Manyteenagersdonotvaluethe

importanceofworkinghardandaren'tinterestedindoingso.

Accordingtoastudyofnearly3,000studentsthatwasdonebyNingboEveningNewsin

March,only22%ofstudentshelpwitheverydaychoresaroundthehouse.

Schoolsandfamiliesplayanimportantroleinteachingstudentsaboutthevalueof

workinghard,theguidelinesays.

Primaryandmiddleschoolsshouldprovidestudentswithhard-workingspiritclasses

everyweek,accordingtotheguideline.Schoolscanalsoholdactivitiestogivestudents

real-worldworkexperience.Forexample,schoolscanteachchildrenhowtoplanttreeson

Tree-PlantingDay.

Aschildren'sfirstteachers,parentsshouldalsoencouragechildrentolearnhowtodo

choresathome.Studentsshouldmasteroneortwolifeskillseveryyear.Theseskillscan

includecooking,washingtheirownclothesandtidyingtheirrooms.

32.Theunderlinedword"this"inParagraph4refersto.

A.thegovernmentB.hard-workingspiriteducationC.basic

lifeskillsD.therecentlyreleasedguideline

34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Abouttwothirdsofstudentshelpwithhouseworkathome.

B.Studentsshouldmasteratleastthreelifeskillseveryyear.

C.Schoolsshouldprovidestudentswithhard-workingspiritclasseseveryday.

D.Parentsshouldalsoencouragechildrentolearnhowtodochoresathome.

35.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.SpiritofHard-workingEducationB.HowtoValuetheExperience

C.TheImportanceofAllSubjectsD.HowtoDoEverydayChores

10.【2020•湖」匕武汉】HopeMatters

ReyesGuana,42,grewupinapoorMexicanfamily.Hehassevenbrothersandsisters.His

parentsalwayshadtwojobstomakeendsmeet.

Asaboy,Guanahadagoodrelationshipwiththeschoolcleaner.Hecalledher"Nike*'

becausesheworeNikeshoes.TheboylikedhowNikemadeeverythingclean.Hetoldherhe

wantedtobeacleaner,too."Well,it'sgoodifyouwanttobeacleaner,1'NiketoldlittleGuana.

"Butmakesureyougotocollege.n

Guanaalsolookeduptotheprincipal（校长）ofhisschool.Theschoolleadertoldtheboy

thathisjobwastohelpstudentsandteachers.nWow,whenIgrowup,Iwanttodowhatyou're

doing,"Guanatoldhim."Well,ifyousticktoyourdream,youwill,**theprincipalreplied.

AndGuanareallygotthere.Butitwasquitealongjourneyforhim.Twenty-threeyears

ago,hefollowedinNike'sfootstepsandwascleaningschools.Heworkedatthreeschoolsto

payforhiscollegeeducation.Heheldthatjobforfouryearsandthenworkedhiswayupto

beingaschoolsafetymonitor.Afterthat,heworkedasateacherforafewyears.

Now,asaprincipal,Guananeverforgetswherehecamefrom.Hehelpsstudentsfrom

poorfamiliesandshowsrespect（尊重）foreveryschoolstaffmember.Healwaysinvites

everyonetoschoolparties,includingthosewhocleanthefloorsandthosewhodrivetheschool

buses.

40.Whatwouldbeanothertitleforthispassage?

A.FromCleanertoLeaderB.DifferentJobs

C.FromFailuretoSuccessD.RelationshipWorks

11.【2020•湖北随州市】Anger（愤怒）oftenmakesusuncomfortable.Seeingyourchiles

angercanbeespeciallyuncomfortable.Inordertorelieve（缓解）thisfeeling,parentsoften

encouragechildrento“stopcrying"andsaythingslike"It'snothingtocryabout."It'smoments

likethosethatplanttheseedsofunhealthyanger,The“stopcrying“parentsarejustdoingwhat

theyweretaughtbytheirownparents,whowereprobablytaughtthatbytheirparentsonandon.

However,weshouldlearnhowtocreatehealthyangerinourkids.

Ifachildneverseeshisorherparentsexpressanger,heorsheshouldneverexpressanger,

either.Butifparentsalwaysexpresstheirangerloudly,theirchildmaystarttothinkofangeras

somethingthatisalwaysfrightening.

Thefirstthingyoucandotocreatehealthyangerinyourchildrenistopracticecreating

healthyangerinyourself.Onceyou'rebetteratexperiencingangerandexpressingitina

healthyway,you'llbeabletosetagoodexampleforyourkids.

Stoppingkidsfromexpressingtheirfeelingsiswrong.Youmayfeelbadwhenyoubelieve

youarewrong,Whenchildrenexpresstheirfeelingsandaretoldthatit'snothingtocryabout,

theycometoknowthattheythemselvesarebad.

Weneedtoraisetheminanenvironmentwhereit'ssafetoexpressfeelings.Onceyoufeel

morecomfortablewithyourownanger,youcanteachyourchildrenwhyangerisahelpful

feeling.Whenyourkidsexpressanger,helpthemexaminewhatitisthathasmadethemangry.

Whydiditmakethemangry?Howdiditdothat?Then,youcanteachthemthatthosefeelings

areneverwrongandourexpressionsoffeelingsareinourcontrol.

Angerisnaturalandnormal,anditcanbeexperiencedandexpressedinahealthyway.

52.Fromthesecondparagraphwecaninfer（推断）.

A.parentshaveagreatinfluenceontheirchildrenB.parentsshouldgetangrywiththeir

children

C.expressingangerloudlyisright,notwrongD.childrenshouldexpresstheiranger

liketheirparents

55.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Angeroftenmakesusandourchildrenuncomfortable.B.Parentsshouldcreatehealthy

angerinthemselves.

C.Parentsshouldcreatehealthyangerintheirkids.D.Parentsshouldneverexpresstheir

anger.

12.[2020•湖1匕随州市】Fredwasapoormanwholivedaloneinasmallvillage.Hewaslazy

anddidn'twanttofindajob.Hehadnofriendsorrelatives.Heusedtobegforfoodforhis

living.

Oneday,akindmangaveFredalargebowlofrice.Freddidn'teatupthericeinonego.

Heputtheremainingriceonthetable.Helayonhisbedandkeptaneyeonit.

Afterawhile,Fredfellasleepandhadadream.Hedreamedthattherewasafamine（饥

荒）inhisvillage.Hesoldhisremainingriceandgotsomesilvercoins.Heusedthesilvercoins

tobuyapairofgoats.Hisgoatshadkidsinmonths,sohegotmoregoats.Hesoldsomegoats

andbecamerich.Heboughtalargehouse.Hefellinlovewithabeautifulladyandtheygot

married.

Freddreamedthathewasdancingwithhiswife.Hefeltsoexcitedthathekickedinairand