M2U1现在完成时态

一.ACBDCADBDACBDDB二1incident2disappeared3witnessing4assumed

5evidence6injuries7dismiss8creature三1explanation;explained;unexplained

2puzzling;puzzle;puzzled3construct;construction4possible;possibility;impossible;Possibly

5amaze;amazed;amazing;amazement四1tookchargeof2dueto3madeup

4lookinginto5showup

五1doresearchon2wasgettingreadingfor

3Lyingonthesofa4happento5sothat

GrammarandusageUnit1ObjectivesTolearnhowtoformandusethepresentperfecttenseTolearntounderstandthe

presentperfectcontinuoustenseTolearntoidentifythetwotenseswheninasentence

have/has+done

the

PresentPerfectTenseThestudentsareveryhappy.They_______(win)agoldmedal.*Connectionwiththepast:Thestudentswonagoldmedal.Connectionwiththepresent:

Theyarehappy.havewonTheboyisveryhappy.Theboy___________(catch)abird.Connectionwiththepast:Theboycaughtabird.Connectionwiththepresent:Theboyishappy.hascaught

Eric____________________(alreadyopen)thewindow.hasalreadyopenedLook,thewindowisopen.Ericopenedthewindowjustnow.1.动作发生在过去，但是对现在有影响。注意句中没有表示过去的时间状语。Ihaveseenthemovie,soIknowwhatitisabout.

我看过这部电影了，我知道它关于什么的。

Wherehaveyouputmybag?Ican’tfinditnow.你把我的包放哪儿了?我找不到了。——Hi,MsZhang,howlonghasMrZhoulivedinChangsha?——Hehaslivedhere

forovertenyears.2.现在完成时态也表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在。常用的时间状语有：

for+一段时间，since+过去时间点，sofar,already,yet,just,lately,recently,thesedays,during/inthelast/pastfewyears/days,upto/tillnow等。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthelastfewyears.在过去的几年中，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。IhavestudiedEnglishfor4years.我学了四年英语。IhavelivedinthiscitysinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.自从我大学毕业我就住在这个城市。3.下列句型中常用现在完成时It/This/Thatisthefirst/second/third…timethat…It/This/Thatis+最高级+名词+that引导的定语从句Thisisthethirdtimethathehasmadethesamemistakes.这是他第三次犯同样的错误。ItisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。比较：ShehasbeentoBeijingbefore.她以前到北京去过。（一种经历）ShehasgonetoBeijingalready.她已经到北京去了。

(她不在此地,说明过去动作对现在的影响.)4.havebeento去过······，表示已回来；havegoneto去······了，表示到了或还在途中。5.用法拓展：在现在完成时中，终止动词即瞬间动词come,join,marry,die,leave,arrive,begin,stop等不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语for,since等连用。如：Hehasjoinedthearmyfortwoyears.(

)KatehasgotmarriedtoJohnforsixyears.()××他的祖父已经去世三年了错误：Hisgrandpahasdiedfor3years.正确：Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor3years.

他们回来已经有两天了。错误：Theyhavecomebackfortwodays.正确：Theyhavebeenbackfortwodays.在现在完成时中，终止动词若与for,since等延续状语连用，需把终止动词变为be动词等适当形式。如：die→bedeadjoin→beinfallill→beillfinish→beoverleave/go→beawaybecome→beborrow→keepbuy→havemarry→bemarried(to)Hehasjoinedthearmy.→Hehasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.KatehasgotmarriedtoJohn.→KatehasbeenmarriedtoJohnforsixyears.【注意】现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响，讲述的是现在的情况，不可与表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时强调的是在过去发生的动作或状态，与现在无关，和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,in1999,lastnight,twodaysago,atthattime,theotherday,justnow,inthepast等。①Ihaven’tfeltasillasIdonowforalongtime.我好长时间都没有感觉身体这样不舒服了。②IlivedinLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmovingbacktoChina.我曾住在伦敦多年，但我从未后悔回到了中国。过去时与现在完成时的区别1‘_____you_____mypen?’‘Yes,I____itonyourdeskjustnow.’(see)2‘_____you____dinner?’‘Yes,I____itwithMary.’(have)3_____thepostman_____yetthismorning?(come)____thepostman_____thismorning?(come)hadHaveseenHascomeDidcomeHavehadsaw4.Ican’tfindmyCD.Where_______you_______it?I________itintheleftdrawer.(put)5.Thisisthefirsttimethatthestudents__________toHydePark.(go)6.He_________greatprogressinthepasttwoyears.(made)7.They________ahardlifeinthepast.(live)

haveputhaveputhavegonehasmadelivedPleasefinishthediaryonP.8(2)__________(3)__________(4)__________(5)__________(6)__________(7)_________(8)__________(9)_________(10)_________(11)________Answersforthediary:sawhasvisited

loveshasn’tvisitedhasseenhasnevermethastravelledhasfoundhasn’tfoundHas,been

1.—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes,sinceshe______theChineseSociety.A.hasjoined B.joins C.hadjoined D.joinedDLet’spractice!2.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey________manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaughtD3.Sofarthisyearwe______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseenD4.Bythetimeherealizeshe______intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walks B.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalkedC5.–Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?--Yes,weshould,forwe___suchbadluckuptillnow,andtime__out.A.havehad;isrunningB.had;isrunningC.have;hasbeenrunD.havehad;hasbeenrunA

6.Idon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook—I______ittoyouthismorning!A.wouldlendB.waslendingC.hadlentD.lentD7.—HaveyoureadthebookcalledWaitingforAnya?—Who_______it?A.writesB.haswrittenC.wroteD.hadwrittenC8.

Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs_____asbusinesstomakeaprofit.

A.haverun B.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrunB

9.—

Doyouknowourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI____here.A.was B.havebeenC.came D.amcomingB10.Where____therecorder?Ican’tseeitanywhere.I_____righthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveput B.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;haveputBthePresentperfectcontinuoustense：Theform:have/has+been+doingLookatthesentences:Sorry.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.PastOnehouragoPresentwaitingarrive现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续。也可表示到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，强调反复和持续。Wehavebeenlookingforyouforanhour.ShehasbeenteachingEnglishsinceshegraduated.她毕业后一直在教英语。She’sverytiredforshehasbeencleaning

thehouseallthemorning.Shehasbeensayingthattwentytimes.

这话她已经说了20遍了。（表示一种埋怨）1.We______________(discuss)thequestionswithhimtheotherday.2.We_______________________(discuss)thequestionwithhimallevening.3.MaryistakingnotesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_____________________(study)Chineseforayear.4.Youareoutofbreath._____you____________________(run)?5.Jim___________________(phone)Jennyeverynightforthelastweek.discussedhavebeendiscussinghasbeenstudyingHavebeenrunninghasbeenphoning【注意】区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时1.现在完成时强调动作的完成和对现在的影响和结果，而现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，也可表示在说话时刻之前，动作刚刚结束，强调动作的持续性。比较：Ihavewateredtheflowers.我已经给花浇过水了。（浇了一次，现在花不干了）

Ihavebeenwateringtheflowers.我一直在给花浇水。（可能现在还在浇水，强调动作的持续）Presentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuoustense?Sheisstillreadingthebook.LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.LiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.Shefinishedreadingthebook.Sheknowsthecontent（内容）ofthebooknow.IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.They___________(visit)thisnationalparkthreetimesthisyear.They________________(tour)Parisfor2weeks.Theyaregoingbackhomenextweek.Howmanytimes_____you_____(swim)inthelake?Howlong_____you____________(swim)inthelake?haveswumhavebeenswimminghavevisitedhavebeentouring2.在现在完成时态中，既可以使用表示状态的动词也可以使用表示动作的动词，而在现在完成进行时态中只用表示动作的动词。

Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.stateverbIhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.actionverbactionverb高考链接—I’msorry,butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwanttoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry,I_________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.

A.hadn’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.don’tmakeD.haven’tmade2.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagesinceit________onthemarketin1973.(2010重庆)A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes3.I’mtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南)shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping4.They____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe____onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworkingC.havebeenworking;haveworkedD.haveworked;arestillworkingA5.She______hermother’sworksinceshewasadmittedintohospital.A.isdoingB.hasbeendoingC.hasdoneD.hasbeendo