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PAGEPAGE1初高中英语衔接学习第九讲:各种句式我们要注意简单句的顺序一般应为主、谓、宾,而一些状语如时间、地点方式等等状语则要放到主要结构后面出现。当然,有时为了强调或语言的表达需要,状语的位置会有所变化,但我们在写句子时一定要把握好以上原则,而不能按照汉语去逐个翻译。如“我们骑车去上学。”这个句子如果按照汉语习惯很可能会写成:Webybikegotoschool。或更有甚者可能还会写出类似这样的句子:Webybiketogotoschool.或Wetakeabikegotoschool.等等错误的句子。但如果我们按照英文习惯来写就不会出现以上错误了,主语We+谓语gotoschool+状语bybike也就是Wegotoschoolbybike。1。简单句:(1)定义:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句,如:WelearnEnglish.我们学英语。(一个主语和一个谓语)BothXiaoZhangandXiaoWangarefromBeijing。(一个并列主语和一个谓语)Heoncelivedandworkedhere.(一个主语和一个并列谓语)Myfatherandmothergotoworkatseveninthemorningand(they)comebackhomeateightintheevening.(一个并列主语和一个并列谓语)(2)分类:上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述;另外,根据句子的功能或使用目的,简单句可分四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.一、陈述句:是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法,可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式.1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词have,has,will,情态动词can等时,只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。e。g.Lilyhasalreadyreadthisnewbook。(改为否定句)

Lily________________thisnewbook________.2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时,必须在谓语动词前加助动词,一般现在时加助动词do,第三人称单数加does,一般过去时加did,再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是:don't,doesn't,didn't后都用动词原形。e.g.1)Jillhaslunchatschooleveryday.(改为否定句)

Jill__________lunchatschooleveryday.

2)Thechildrenhadagoodtimeattheparty.(改为否定句)

Thechildren_____________agoodtimeattheparty.

3)Rosedidn’tdrinkanymilkthismorning.(改为肯定句)

Rose________________milkthismorning.

二、疑问句:是用来提出问题的句子。A.一般疑问句:以be动词,have/has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头,以yes或no来回答的问句.它的基本结构是:Be/Have/Has/Did等助动词(包括情态动词)+主语+部分谓语(动词原形)(包括表语)+┄?回答常用简略回答。1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。e.g.There'ssomethingwrongwithhisbike.(改成疑问句)

____________________wrongwithhisbike?2、谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does(三单)、Did(过去式)加上这些助动词后,句子中谓语动词必须用原形。e。g.1)Edisonbuiltasciencelabhimselfwhenhewasten。(改成疑问句)

________Edison________asciencelabhimselfwhenhewasten?

2)ThoseJapaneselikeChinesefood。(改成疑问句)

________thoseJapanese__________Chinesefood?注意:在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词,如果有也必须进行改变,already要改成yet,some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外,在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。在改成一般疑问句的时候,常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。B.特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。它的基本结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语,就用特殊疑问词+陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有:what,who(whom),whose,which,when,where,how,why等,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用yes或no来回答。1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用what①Thetwinsweremakingakitewhentheirmothercamein.(划线提问)

_____________thetwins_____whentheirmothercamein?②Mrs.Turneraskedhersontobuysomeeggsforsupper.(划线提问)

_________________Mrs。Turneraskherson_______________?2)对名词前定语提出疑问,疑问词应用which,或whose,而且必须和名词连用。I’mgoingtotaketheshirtontheright.(划线提问)_____________areyougoingtotake?

3。e.g.LiPing,they,hisfatherﻩ isLiPing?–Heisaclassmateofmine.ﻩ____didyougivethebookto?4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。Thisismypen。--________isit?

e.g.LiPing'scoat→Whosecoat

myfather→Whosefatherﻩ_____shirtareyouwearing?Isityourfather’s?Iaskedthem"______parentisadoctor?”andseveralofthemsaid”mine。”5)对具体时间提出疑问,如inthemorning,lastSunday等,疑问词用when;对具体几点钟提问,疑问词应用whattime。__________wasitwhenwereachedthehall?__________isthesportsmeetinggoingtobe?6)对具体地点提出疑问,疑问词应用where.Thepupilsarehavingapicnicatthefootofthehill.(划线提问)__________thepupilshavingapicnic?7)对表原因的从句提问,常见的有because引导的从句,疑问词应用why.XiaoChengdidn'tgotothefarmwithusbecausehewasill。(划线提问)______________XiaoChenggotothefarmwithus?8)对方式或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词How。e.g.gobybike/likeverymuchHeoftengoestoschoolonfoot.Shelikesplayingbadmintonverymuch。9)对数量提出疑问,疑问词为Howmany,要注意howmany必须跟名、代词的复数形式。e.g。twohundredsheep→HowmanysheepﻩFourofushaven'tfinishedthehomeworkthisweekend。10)对价格提出疑问,疑问词用Howmuch。e。g.IpaidfiftyYuanforthesweater。

________________didyoupayforthesweater?11)对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用Howlong。e.g.I'veworkedinthatfactoryfortwoyears.(划线提问)96中考

____________________youworkedinthatfactory?12)对时间频率,如onceayear,twiceaweek等提问,疑问词用Howoften。13)对具体次数,如once,twice,threetimes等提问,疑问词用Howmanytimes.e.g.________didhecallyouthedaybeforeyesterday?Twice.96中考题A。Whattime

B.Howmanytimes

C.Howmuch

D.Howlong14)对in+一段时间提问,疑问词一般用Howsoon.e.g。Janeandherbrotherwillfinishtheworkintwohours.(划线提问)

_______________Janeandherbrotherfinishthework?15)对距离提出疑问,疑问词用Howfar.e.g.It'sabouttwokilometersfromheretothecountry。(划线提问)

_______________________fromheretothecountry?16)另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用What'sthedate?ﻩWhatdayisit?如果是过去时间,就用was代替is。What’stheweatherlike?练习81)Shedoesexercisesathomeintheevening.(改成否定句、一般疑问句)She________________exercisesathomeintheevening.________she_____exercisesathomeintheevening?2)Hesaidsomethingimportantatthemeeting。(改为否定句,一般疑问句)He_____________________importantatthemeeting。________he________________importantatthemeeting?3)It'lltakethemthreeweekstofinishthework.(划线提问)_________________________ittakethemtofinishthework?4)Ihavetowashalltheplatesandthingsaftermeals.(划线提问)__________youhavetowashalltheplatesandthings?5)Thewomanintheredcoatishermother。(划线提问)________________ishermother?6)LiPingspenttwentyYuanonthedictionary.(划线提问)_____________LiPing_____onthedictionary?思考题1)Theworker’svisitedthefactoryalready。(改成否定句、一般疑问句)Theworker__________thefactory______。____theworker___thefactory__?2)Bothofhisparentsareworkers。(改成否定句)___ofhisparents________aworker.3)Hewenttotheparkwithhissister.(划线提问)4)Wereallyenjoyedworkingonthefarm.(划线提问)5)Shewritestoherparentsonceaweek.(划线提问)6)OurP.Eteacherhasbeenatthisschoolsincehecametenyearsago.(划线提问)C。选择疑问句:提出两种或更多的情况,要求对方选择一种问句。它的结构是:一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句,但常把后一部分中和前一部分相同的成分省略。这种疑问句不用yes或no回答,而是根据选择作答.e。g.Wouldyoulikechickenorbeef?回答时用I’dlikebeef。①Aretheysitting_________standingintheclassroom?②Thestudentsstoppedtalking_________laughingwhentheteachercamein.③Meimeilikesboating.(用swim改成选择疑问句)

________Meimei____boating__________________?D。反意疑问句:在陈述句后附上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问的问句。1)Bill'ssisterisgoingtoworkinParisnextmonth.(改成反意疑问句)

Bill'ssisterisgoingtoworkinParisnextmonth,_______________?2)TheReadsdon'tenjoylivinginChina。(改成反意疑问句)

TheReadsdon'tenjoylivinginChina,________?注意:1、对于反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,则用yes来回答,事实是否定的,则要用no回答。e。g。LiLeinevergoestoschoollate,doeshe?李雷上学从不迟到,是吗?不,他迟到。(事实是迟到的,则用yes回答。Yes,hedoes.)是的,从不迟到。(事实是不迟到,则用no回答.No,hedoesn't.)2、当陈述部分中含有no,noone,nobody,nothing,never,little,few,hardly,too…to等否定词时,附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。e。g.1)Hisauntatenothingforbreakfastthismorning。(改为反意疑问句)

Hisauntatenothingforbreakfastthismorning,________?

2)There’snothingwrongwiththecomputer.(改为反意疑问句)

There’snothingwrongwiththecomputer,_____________?3、反意问句中要注意到有些词的缩略形式。e.g。's既是has也是is的缩略形式。

’d既是would也是had的缩略形式。e。g.①He’salreadyfinishedhishomework.(改成反意问句)

He’salreadyfinishedhishomework,_____________?

②He'salreadyalittleweakinEnglish。(改成反意疑问句)

He’salreadyalittleweakinEnglish,_____________?

③He'softentoldtocomehere.(改成反意疑问句)

He’softentoldtocomehere,_________?4、当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时,附加问句的主谓一般应与主句保持一致。但是如果主句主语是第一人称,主句动词是think,believe,supposeetc。时,附加问句的主谓一般应与从句主谓保持一致,如果think是否定形式,附加问句的谓语应是肯定形式。e.g。1。Theysaidthattheywouldcallus.(改成反意疑问句)

Theysaidthattheywouldcallus,_______________?

2。Idon'tthinkhewillcome.(改成反意疑问句)Idon'tthinkhewillcome,___________?Youthinkhewillcome,__________________?5、陈述部分主语是everyone,someone,noone,something,anything等不定代词时,指人的不定代词,附加部分主语多用he来代替,指物的不定代词主语多用it来代替。6、当陈述部分为therebe句型时,附加问句部分用bethere结构的肯定或否定形式。Thereare32studentsinourclass,______________?ﻩ*特殊形式的反意疑问句1.祈使句+willyou/won’tyou/can'tyou?这种结构严格的说是形式上的反意疑问句或叫”类反意疑问句"。这种结构使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气.willyou多表示请求,表示告诉某人做某事,附加部分多用will,would,can使语气更婉转。won'tyou多表示邀请或提醒对方注意。e。g.Gotothecinemanow,will/won'tyou?Lookattheblackboard,will/won’tyou?e.g.Comehere,wouldyou?Stoptalking,canyou?注意:A)。否定式祈使句后面的附加部分不可用won'tyou,一般用willyou,也可用canyou.e。g.Don'tmakeanoise,will/canyou?B).Let's...。,shall/shan'twe?Let’s。.。含义是"咱们。..”包括说话的对方,所以人称代词要用we.e.g.Let'sgohome,shallwe?Let'sgohome,shan'twe?但Letus/me/him....,will/won'tyou?Letme。.。.除了可用willyou外还可用mayI,要注意意义Letmehelpyou,mayI?我可以。.。.吗?Letmehelpyou,willyou?你让我..。.吗?2.感叹句的反意疑问句附加部分用tobe的一般现在时的否定式。e。g.Whatfineweather,isn’tit?Howhardsheworks,isn’tshe?3。陈述部分含有need,dare的反意疑问句A)。当need,dare为普通动词时,反意疑问句附加部分用助动词do的某种形式。e。g。Heneedshelp,doesn’the?B).当need,dare为情态动词时,反意疑问句附加部分用其本身。e.g。Weneeddoitagain,needn’twe?Hedarenotsayso,darehe?当陈述部分有needn't时,反意疑问句附加部分一般用need有时可用must。e。g。Heneedn'tdothat,needhe?ﻩﻩHeneedn'tdothat,musthe?4。当陈述部分有usedto...时,反意疑问句附加部分用didn’t/usedn't/used+主语+not?e。g.Sheusedtovisitheruncleonholidays,didn’tshe?ﻩSheusedtovisitheruncleonholidays,usedn'tshe?ﻩHeusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasyoung,usedhenot?5.当陈述部分有Iam。.。时,反意疑问句附加部分用aren'tI/ain'tI或amInot?e.g.IaminterestedinEnglish,aren'tI?IaminterestedinEnglish,ain'tI?ﻩIamworkingnow,amInot?例外:I'mverythirsty,aren'tyou?我很渴,你呢?这句中的aren'tyou?===howaboutyou?6.当陈述部分有oughtto时,反意疑问句附加部分用ought或should。e.g。Weoughttostartatonce,oughtn'twe?Weoughttostartatonce,shouldn’twe?Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,oughtthey?Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,shouldthey?7.当陈述部分含有must时,要注意must的含义。表示"一定要,必须”时,反意疑问句附加部分用mustn't或needn'te。g.Hemustworkhardatphysics,mustn’the?Youmustrenewthebook,needn'tyou?表示推测"一定是,必定是”时,反意疑问句附加部分有下列情况:ﻩA)。当陈述部分有mustbe。.。时,反意疑问句附加部分用be的现在时态.e。g.Hemustbeverytired,isn’the?Hemustbeworkinghardattheoffice,isn'the?ﻩB).musthave+过去分词表示对过去的推测a).单纯表示对过去的推测,与现在无关,反意疑问句附加部分用过去式。b)。表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在,反意疑问句附加部分用现在完成式。e.g。Hemusthavecomeyesterday,didn'the?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforyears,haven’tyou?Hemusthavelivedhereatleasttenyears,hasn’the?8.can't表示推测作"不可能"解时,反意疑问句附加部分根据后的动词选用相应的形式。e。g.Hecan’tbeadoctor,ishe?Theworkerscan'thavefinishedtheirwork,havethey?9。当陈述部分有haveto时,反意疑问句附加部分用助动词do的某种形式。e.g.Jackhastogothereonfoot,doesn’the?Wehavetogetupearly,don'twe?但:havegotto...,have。..?Wehavegottoworkhard,haven’twe?10.当陈述部分谓语有hadbetter时,反意疑问句附加部分用shouldn’t/hadn’te.g.You'dbetterputonyourcoat,shouldn’tyou?You'dbetterputonyourcoat,hadn’tyou?Wehadbettergorightnow,shouldn’twe?Wehadbettergorightnow,hadn'twe?11.当陈述部分谓语有wouldrather或wouldliketo时,反意疑问句附加部分用wouldn’t+主语。e.g.Hewouldratherreadthetexttentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?You’dliketohavesomebananas,wouldn'tyou?12.当陈述部分主语是Iwish。..时,反意疑问句附加部分用mayI?注意:前后均需用肯定式e。g.Iwishtogohome,mayI?IwishIwereyou,mayI?13。当陈述部分含有主从复合句时,a)。注意观察主句的主语。主句的主语是第一人称(we,I)时.反意疑问句附加部分的主语与从句主语一致。否则与主句主语一致。 b).注意否定转移!当主句谓语动词是suppose,think,expect,belive,imagine时,只要出现否定词Not反意疑问句附加部分就用肯定形式。e。g.Ithinkhewillbebackinanhour,won’the?Wedon'tsupposehecares,doeshe?Youdon'tsupposehecares,doyou?c).含有主从复合句的反意疑问句附加部分与句子的重心一致.e。g.Itissaidthatheisateacher,isn’the?14.当陈述部分是并列句时,反意疑问句附加部分用与最接近(最后一个)分句的主语、谓语一致。e。g.WemuststudyEnglishhardorwecan’tbegoodatit,canwe?Heisadoctorbuthiswifeisateacher,isn'tshe?15.当陈述部分有下列否定词时,反意疑问句附加部分用肯定结构。(few;little;seldom;hardly;never;not;no;noone;nobody;nothing;none;neither等)e.g.Thereislittleinkinyourpen,isthere?Hecanhardlywritehisname,canhe?然而1)如果陈述部分的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀而构成的,附加部分依然用否定式。e.g.It’sunfair,isn'tit?Youarehopeless,aren’tyou?Shedislikedoinghousework,didn’tshe?Shehadadislikeforhousework,didn'tshe?2).noone,nobody,none,nothing,neither在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,反意疑问句附加部分一般用肯定结构间或也可用否定结构。e.g.Yougotnothingfromhim,did(n't)you?Hehasnothingtosay,does(n't)he?16.以引导词there开始的句子(不包括作地点状语的there),反意疑问句附加部分主语也用there。e.g.There’llbeenoughforeverybody,won’tthere?Thereseemstobenoquestionaboutit,doesn’tthere?17.A).陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用it。e.g.Somethingiswrongwithmyradio,isn'tit?Nothingisserious,isit?B)。陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,nobody,noone,none,neither(注意这些代词一般指人)时,反意疑问句附加部分主语一般用they,也可用he.e.g。Everyoneishere,aren’tthey?Neithersidecouldwin,couldthey?Nooneknowsaboutit,dothey?ﻩNoneofthestudentsareabsent,arethey?Everyoneknowsthis,don’tthey?Everyoneknowsthis,doesn’the?例外:noneof+表示物的名词或代词,就是说none不指人或是不可数名词时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用it.e.g.Noneofitishers,isit?Noneofhismoneyisleft,isit?ﻩC).陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用it;陈述部分的主语是these或those时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用they。e.g.Thisisabeautifulpicture,isn'tit?ThoseareJapanese,aren'tthey?ﻩD)。陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句附加部分主语可以用one,也可以用you.(美国英语中还可以用he)e。g.Oneshouldbereadytohelpothers,shouldn'tone?ﻩﻩOnecan'tbetoocareful,canyou?ﻩE)。当neither..。nor;both。..and连接两个主语时,附加部分的主语常用复数。ﻩe。g.NeitheryounorIamwrong,arewe?ﻩBothyouandhearestudents,areyou?ﻩﻩBothXiaoLiandXiaoWangarestudents,arethey?18。陈述部分的主语是主语从句,不定式短语,或动名词短语时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用it.e.g.Whatyouneedismorepractice,isn'tit?TolearnEnglishwellisn’teasy,isit?Swimmingisgreatfun,isn’tit?19.在口语对话中,表示讥讽或怀疑时,往往先简略重复之后再反问,回答时陈述部分与反意疑问句附加部分一致。(同时否定或肯定。这种句式叫同向反意疑问句)e.g。--——-Tomtoldmehesawaghostlastnight.—-—--Hedid,didhe?e.g.-—-——Youmustn'tlistentohisstory.-—-—-Oh,Imustn't,mustn'tI?若回答时先用了yes或no,便不强求一致。e.g.-—-Wemightbeabletobeatthem.—Yes,wemight,mightn’twe?20.陈述部分以so开头时,反意疑问句附加部分用同向疑问句,表示惊讶,怀疑或不满等情绪。e。g.Soyouaregettingmarried,areyou?Soyoudon'tlikemycooking,don'tyou?三、感叹句:用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句,句末用感叹号。1、一般用感叹词how或what引导,how修饰形容词或副词,what修饰名词。2、how引导的感叹句,基本结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!(主谓可省略)e。g。Howbeautifultheparkis!3、What引导的感叹句:基本结构是:①What+a/an+形容词+可数名词(单数)+主语+谓语!e.g.Sheisaverynicegirl.→Whatanicegirl(sheis)!②What+形容词+可数名词复数(或不可数名词)+主语+谓语!e.g.Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!Whatlovelyweatheritistoday!注意:1.What感叹不可数名词时,名词前面不能加不定冠词a/an.e。g.Whatgoodnewsitis!类似的有:Whatbadweather!

Whathardwork!

Whatdeliciousfood!等2。如果感叹部分是可数名词的单数形式,也可用how表达。如:Howniceagirlsheis!练习91)_____________kindgirlsheis!A。How

B.Whata

C.What

D。Howa2)___________badweather!Ihopeitwon’tlastlong.A。How

B.What

C。Whata

D。Howa3)_____________theyarelisteningtotheteacher!A.Howcareful

B。Whatcareful

C.Howcarefully

D.Whatcarefully4)Hehadlunchathome.(用atschool改选择问句)

____he_____lunchathome_____atschool?5)He'sneverlateforclass.(改反意疑问句)

He'sneverlateforclass,_________?ﻩHe’sneverbeentotheGreatWall,____________?6)Mr.Brownhasfewfriendsinthistown.(改反意疑问句)

Mr.Brownhasfewfriendsinthistown,________?选择How或What(a/an)填空:7)._____goodnewsforallofus!8)。___________interestingbookhehasinhishand!9).________badlyhehurthimself!10)._____friendlysheistoeveryone!思考题1)IsBruceanAmerican____________anAustralian?2)___________wonderfultimewehavehad!3)___________modernacinematheworkersarebuilding!4)Thetwinscouldswimwhentheywerefour,_______?5)Thereislittlemeatinthefridge,_______?四、祈使句:表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句,主语you通常省略。1、祈使句的肯定形式:一般以动词原形开头.Openthedoor,please。2、祈使句的否定形式:在句首谓语动词前加Don't。Don'tbelateforclass.3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时,表示建议做某事。Letme/usdo…

Lethim/her/theme.g。Let’sgotoschool.注意:“Don’tspeakinclass,"hesaidtous.Heaskedusnottospeakinclass.Hetoldusnottospeakinclass.1)祈使句+and/or+简单句是常用句型祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果…,就…”祈使句+or+简单句表示“…否则…"e。g. 1.Godownthestreet,andyou’llseeahospital.=Ifyougo…,you’ll…

ﻩ2.Bequick,orwe’llbelate.=Ifyouarenotquick,you’llbelate.2)在祈使句后面,常常附加一个问句,使语气更加委婉。e.g。①Tellmeaboutit,willyou/won'tyou?

②Don’ttellanyone,willyou?

③Let'sgotoschool,shallwe?

④Letusgoouttoplayforawhile,willyou?练习101)_____onthethinice。It'sdangerous。A.Don'tskate

B。Don’tskating

C。Skate

D。Notskate2)Letusstartcleaningthehouse,________?3)Let'sflythekiteontheplayground,___________?(附加问句)4)Pleaseturndowntheradioabit,_________?(附加问句)1.A祈使句:Willyou?(2,4)提建议:Shallwe?(3)2.并列句:(1)定义:用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句.(2)并列句的构成:简单句+连接词+简单句(3)连接并列句常用的连接词:and,but,or,so,notonly…butalso,however,neither…nor,either…or,still等。Eg。:Ihelpherandshehelpsme.我帮她,她帮我。Heisveryoldbutheisingoodhealth.他年纪很大了,但他身体很好.Wemusthurryorwe’llbelate.我们得赶快走,不然就晚了。Thisgirldidherworkcarefully,soshenevermadeanymistakes.这个姑娘工作认真,从不出差错。Jimnotonlywrotetomelastweekbutalso(he)cametoseemeyesterday。吉姆上星期不但写信给我,而且昨天还来看过我。=NotonlydidJimwritetome…butalsohecame…Neithercouldtheorydowithoutpractice,norcouldpracticedowithouttheory.理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行.EitherheistoblameorIam.不是他该受责备,就是我该受责备.注意:连接词so除起连接并列句作用外,兼有结果意味;有时so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分.例如:Hecanswim,socanI。他会游泳,我也会。(so代替swim)Ironisakindofmatter,soarewaterandair.铁是一种物质,水和空气也是物质。(so在后一句中起表语作用)

并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法;

(注意while,when和for等作并列连词的用法。)*并列关系ﻫ(联合关系)and,notonly…but(also),neither…nor,等ﻫ

Ihelphimandhehelpsme.我帮助他,他也帮助我。ﻫ

Notonlydidwewritetoherbutalsowetelegraphedher。我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。

NeitherwouldIconsulthimnorwouldheaskmeforadvice.我不想与他商量,他也不会征求我的意见。转折关系but,yet,still,while,however,when等ﻫ

Hefailedmanytimes,buthedidn’tdespair.他失败多次但并没有气馁.ﻫ

ShehasdifficultyinlearningEnglish,however,sheworkshardandismakingrapidprogress。她学习英语有困难,然而她学习努力,进步很快.ﻫ

选择关系

or,otherwise,orelse,either…or

Wemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain。我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。

EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那去.因果关系

for,so,thus,therefore,andso

Wehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining。我们最好呆在家里,因为天正在下雨.

Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格.ﻫ

有时也可不用连词,而用逗号,分号或冒号

Hurryup,it’sgettingdark.快点,天要黑了。

Let’sstartearly,wehavealongwaytogo.我们要早动身,因为路很远。ﻫ注意:

(1)yet和still是连接副词,也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用,但不如and,but,or等强,用了yet或still,前面还可加and或but.ﻫ

Heistired,(but)stillhewillmakeanotherexperiment。他很累,但他仍然要做另一个实验。ﻫ

Igotupveryearly,(and)yetIfailedtocatchthefirstbus。我起得很早,然而还是没有赶上头班车。ﻫ

(2)while意义本相当于atthesametime表示相反和对照:“而”常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。

Ilikefootball,whilemysisterlikesbasketball.我喜欢足球,而我姐姐喜欢篮球。ﻫ

when=andthen,justthen或atthattime,duringthetime.

Wewerereadytorushaway,whenthesnakemoved。我们正准备离开,这时蛇移动了。Wehadn’tleftlongwhenthrearthquakeoccurred.ﻫ

while和when作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边,并有逗号和第一分句隔开。ﻫ

3、for表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore比so更正式,andso比较口语化。【专项训练】:ﻫ一、用适当的并列连词填空:ﻫ1、Hecouldn’tknowthetruthaboutme,

hewouldn’ttreatmelikethis.

2、Thebellisringing

thelessonisover.ﻫ3、Althoughhewasill,

hekeptonworking.

4、Ican'tmakeupmymind

wewillgotoShanghai

wewillstayinourcity.ﻫ5、Hedoesn’ttalkmuch,

hethinksalot。

6、Itmusthaverainedlastnight

thegroundisstillwet.7、ThepresidentwillvisitthetowninMay

hewillopenthenewhospital.

8、Janewasdressedingreen

Marywasdressedinblue。ﻫ9、

hedidnotspeakdistinctly

Ididnothearitclearly.ﻫ10、Heisclever,

,heoftenmakesmistakes。ﻫ11、

Didwewritetoher

wecalledherup.ﻫ12、Hehasn’tanymoney

I’mgoingtolendhimsome.ﻫ13、Thechildwassick;he,

,didn’tgotoschool。ﻫ14、Marywasneitherhappy,

wasshesad.ﻫ15、Putonmoreclothes,

you’llcatchcold。ﻫ二、选择最佳答案:ﻫ16、Somearereadingmagazines,

othersareplayingcards.ﻫ

A.or

ﻩB.for

ﻩﻩﻩC.so

ﻩﻩ D。while

17、Wemustgetupearlytomorrow。

we’llmissthefirstbustotheGreatWall.ﻫ

A。so

ﻩB.or

ﻩﻩﻩC.but

ﻩﻩﻩD.howeverﻫ18、——Idon’tlikechicken

fish。ﻫ

——Idon’tlikechicken,

Ilikefishverymuch.ﻫ

A。and,and

B。and,but

ﻩﻩC.or,and

ﻩﻩD.or,butﻫ19、Wewant

highspeed

goodquality.ﻫ

A.both,and

B.either,or

ﻩﻩC.neither,nor

ﻩﻩD.not,butalsoﻫ20、Inspringitis

hot

coldhere.ﻫ

A.both,and

B。either,or

ﻩﻩC.neither,nor

ﻩﻩD.notonly,but

21、

doeshewriteswell,

healsospeakswell.ﻫ

A.Notonly,but

ﻩB。Not,but ﻩC.Either,or

ﻩD.Both,andﻫ22、Useyourhead,

you’llworkitout.

A.so

B.or

ﻩﻩﻩC.and

ﻩﻩ D.forﻫ23、Iwanttobuythejacket,

Ihavenotenoughmoneywithme.ﻫ

A。but

B。so

ﻩﻩﻩC。or

ﻩﻩD。forﻫ24、

you

IamgoingtohelpTom.ﻫ

A。Either,or

ﻩB。Not,but

ﻩC。Notonly,and

D.Each,and

25、Thesoldierwaswounded,

hepushedon。ﻫ

A.for

ﻩB。and

ﻩﻩﻩC。so

ﻩﻩﻩD。yetﻫ26、—-DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisclassmate?ﻫ

——Idon’tknow,

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