2021年上海市高考英语名校卷专题冲刺汇编 语法填空 (教师版)

2021英语二考冲刺—语法填空专题名校汇编学习目标：专题训练各名校语法填空，掌握语法填空常考点和难点以及解题技巧。课堂测试：【2020-2021学年七宝中学高三上学期9月第一次月考卷】（★★★☆）(A)Anewstudyshowsthat(21)_______(good)yourshort-termmemory,thefasteryoufeelfedupanddecideyou’vehadenough.ThefindingsappearintheJournalofConsumerResearch.NoelleNelson,assistantprofessorofmarketingandconsumerbehaviorattheUniversityofKansasSchoolofBusiness.SheandhercolleagueJosephReddenattheUniversityofMinnesotatriedtothinkoutsidethelunchbox.“Somethingthatwasinterestingtomeisthatsomepeoplegettiredofthings(22)_______verydifferentrates.Whenyouthinkaboutpopsongsontheradio,somepeoplemuststillbeenjoyingthemandrequestingthemevenafterhearingthemalot.Butalotofotherpeoplearereallysickofthosesamesongs.”Thedifference,theresearcherssupposed,mighthavetodowithmemoriesofpastconsumption.Theresearcherstestedthememorycapacityofundergraduates.Thestudentsthenviewedarepeatingseriesofthreeclassicpaintings…likeTheStarryNight,AmericanGothic,andTheScream…orlistenedandre-listenedtoaseriesofthreepopsongs…orthreepiecesofclassicalmusic.Throughoutthetest,theparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirexperienceonascaleofzerototen.“Wefoundthatpeoplewithlargercapacitiesrememberedmoreaboutthemusicorart,whichledtothem(23)________(get)tiredofthemusicorartmorequickly.Sorememberingmoredetailsactuallymadetheparticipantsfeellikethey’dexperiencedthemusicorartmoreoften.”Thefindingssuggestthatmarketers(24)______copewithourdesirefortheirproductsbyfiguringoutwaystodistractusandkeepusfromfullyrememberingourexperiences.Wecouldalsotrick(25)_______intoeatinglessjunkfoodbyrecallingtheexperienceofaprevioussnack.Asforkidseasilybored,justtellthemtoforgetaboutit—itmighthelpthemhavemorefun.Clearlyifwearetoparticipateinthesocietyinwhichwelive,wemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-personbasisbythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbuses,buythingsinshops,oreatinrestaurants,wearelikelytohaveconversations(26)_______wegiveinformationoropinions,receivenewsorcommentandverylikelyhaveourviews(27)________(challenge)byothermembersofsociety.Face-tofacecontactisbynomeanstheonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearstheartofmasscommunication(28)_______(become)oneofthedominatingfactorsofcurrentsociety.Twothings,aboveothers,havecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstly,inventivenesshasledtoadvancesinprinting,telecommunications,photography,radioandtelevision.Secondly,speedhasrevolutionizedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunications(29)___________localnewsoftentakesabackseattonationalnews,whichitselfisoftenalmosteclipsed(失去优势)byinternationalnews.Nolongeristhepossessionofinformationrestrictedtoawealthyminority.Inthelastcenturythewealthymanwithhisownlibrarywasindeedfortunate,buttodaytherearepubliclibraries.Fortyyearsago,peopleusedtogotothecinema,butnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogramthat(30)________(channel)intomillionsofhomes…..【答案】21.thebetter22.at23.getting24.could/can25.ourselves26.where27.challenged28.hasbecome29.sothat30isbeingchanneled课堂精讲：【2020-2021学年建平中学高三下3月月考试卷】（★★★☆）CruzGenet,11,andAnthonySkopick,10,couldn’tagree.Werethebirdsoutontheiceducksorgeese?Therewasonlyonewaytofindout.SoonachillyJanuaryeveninglastyear,thetwofriendsventured（冒险）ontothefrozenpondneartheirhomesinFrankfort,Illinois,(21)______（get）abetterlook.Firsttheycastarockontotheicetotestit,thentheysteppedonit.(22)________（convince）theicewouldholdtheirweight,Anthonytookafewsteps,then…FOOMP.Hecrashedthroughtheseeminglyfrozensurface.Therewasnosound,hejustfellinstantly.Cruzrushedtohelphisterrifiedfriend.FOOMP—thepondswallowedhimtoo.Cruzmanagedtolift(23)_______outofthefrozenwaterandontoamoresolidsection.HethencautiouslyworkedhiswaytowardAnthony.Buttheice(24)______（nothold），andhefellinagain.Thistime,hecouldn’tgetout.Theboyswereuptotheirnecksinicywaterandquicklylosingfeelingintheirlimbs.Therewasnotmuchchance(25)______theycouldfreethemselvesfromthetrouble.Cruzwassurehewasgoingtodie.Anthony’soldersisterhadseentheboys(26)______（fall）intothepondandstartedscreamingforhelp.JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.Hequicklypulledover.Seeingtheboys,hegrabbedanearbybuoy（浮标），kickedoffhisshoes,andranintothewater,(27)______（chop）hiswaythroughtheicewithfreefist.Lavinmadehisway(28)______CruzandAnthonyandpullthembacktoland.Theyweretakentothehospital,wheredoctorsdiscoveredthattheirfive-minutestayinthewater(29)______（lower）theirbodytemperaturenearlytendegrees.Fortunately,theboyshavefullyrecovered,(30)______theyarestillalittleawestruck（惊叹的）bytheirfearlessneighbor.“Justtothink,”saysCruz,“Ifhehadn’tbeenthere,Iwouldhavedied.”【答案】21.toget22.Convinced23.himself24.didn’thold25.that26.fall27.chopping28.to29.hadlowered30.though/although3.【2020-2021学年上海市闵行区七宝中学高三英语上学期10月月考试卷】（★★★★☆）Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharp(21)youage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andhadthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskills(22)(assess)throughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18months(23)(take)thesamesortsoftests.Thosewho(24)(hold)mentallystimulating,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（认知）function(25)amuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,(27)itcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It’snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidwork(26)canhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,(28)(require)multitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（协调）,”shesays.“You(29)_______________organizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallenge(30)mentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.【答案】21.as 22.assessed 23.totake 24.hadheld 25.at 26.that27.but 28.requiring29.haveto 30.yourself4.【2020-2021学年上海市徐汇区上海中学高三上学期10月周测卷】（★★★★☆）Pre-crastination：

TheOppositeofProcrastinationProcrastinationisaseriousbehavioralprobleminvolvingbothpracticalandpsychologicalimplications。

Taxpayerscommonlyputoffgivingtheirannualreturns(21)

thelastminute,riskingmathematicalerrorsintheirfrenzytofile.

Studentsburnthemidnightoiltogettheirtermpapers(22)

(submit）beforetheimpendingdeadline，precludingproperpolishingandproofreading.

Forthesereasons,we(23)

（caution）

nottoprocrastinate.

HewhohesitatesislostProcrastinationisthethiefoftimeHowever,theoppositeofprocrastinationcanalsobeaseriousproblem-atendencywecall“pre-crastination.”Pre-crastinationistheinclinationtocompletetasksquicklyjustforthesakeofgettingthingsdonesooner(24)

later.

Forinstance,peoplepaybillsassoonastheyarrive,thusfailingtocollectinterestincome.

Familiarproverbsalsowarnofthehazardsofpre-crastination：

Measuretwice,cutonce.

Marryinhaste,repentatleisureWefirstfoundstrikingevidenceofpre-crastinationinalaboratorystudyexploringtheeconomicsofeffort.

Collegestudentswereaskedtocarryoneofapairofbuckets：

oneontheleftsideofawalkwayandoneontherightsideofthesamewalkway.

Thestudentswereinstructedtocarry(25)

bucketseemedeasiertotaketotheendofthewalkway.

WeexpectedstudentstochoosethebucketclosertotheendbecauseitwouldhavetobecarriedashorterdistanceSurprisingly,theypreferredthebucketclosertothestartingpoint,actuallycarryingit(26)

(far).Whenaskedwhytheydidso,moststudentssaidsomethinglike,"Iwantedtogetthetaskdoneassoonaspossible.(27)

thischoicedidnotinfactcompletethetasksooner.Nineexperimentsinvolvingmorethan250studentsfailedtorevealwhat(28)

havebeensocompellingaboutpickingupthenearerbucket.

Althoughsomehiddenbenefitmayawaitdiscovery,asimplehypothesisisthatcomingcloserto(29)

（get）somethingdoneisinherentlyrewarding(30)

trivialtheachievement,evensomethingasinconsequentialaspickingupabucketmayserveasitsownreward.【答案】21.until22.submitted23.arecautioned24.ratherthan25.whichever26.farther27.eventhough28.might29.getting30.However5.【2020-2021学年上海市闵行区华二紫竹中学高三上学期英语期中试卷】（★★★★☆）Howcanwehelpstudentsdobetteratschool?Maybeweshouldsubsidinggymmembershipsandmake-upfortheteacherswealreadyhave.(21)________,atleast,aretheimplicationsofanewstudyfromresearchersattheUniversityofNevada.Theydesignedasimpleexperimenttoseewhetheralecturer'sattractivenesshasanyimpacton(22)______________ofthelecturestudentsremember.Hereishowtheexperimentwascarriedout.Atfirst,theresearchersconductedtheexperiment(23)________131collegestudentwereaskedtolistentoarecordingofa20-minuteintroductoryphysicslecture.Allofthestudents,randomly(24)________(assign)toamaleorfemalelecture,readexactlythesametext.Whilethelecturewasplaying,acomputerscreendisplayedaphotoofthelecturer--whowashighlyattractiveinsomecasesand(25)_______(eye-catching)inothers.Takingnoteswasnotallowedinthecourse.Afterthelecture,participantsgota25-questionquizonthelecture.Forthosewiththeattractiveinstructor,theaveragescorewas18.27;forthosewithanordinaryone,theaveragewas16.68,seeminglynothugegap(26)_______statisticallysignificant,theresearcherssaid.Participantswereaskedtoevaluatethelecturersafter(27)_______(quiz).Sureenough,studentsfoundtheattractiveinstructorsmoremotivational,easiertofollowand(28)_______(possess)greaterhealth,intelligenceandcompetence.Theyalsogenerallyagreedontheattractivenessofthelecturers.Sodothenewfindingsmeanthatschoolsshouldhirebetter-looking,teachers?R.ShaneWestfall,theleadauthorofthenewpaper,notesthat(29)______________theperformancedifferencesinhisstudyamountedtoabouthalfofalettergrade,teachingtraining,experienceanddedicationwouldprobablymakeabiggerdifference.Interestingly,earlierstudieshavefoundthatgood-lookingpeoplearemorelikelytogethiredinalmostanycontext-suggestingthatschoolsmay(30)_______(hire)themoreattractiveteachers.【答案】those 22.howmuch 23.where 24.assigned 25.lesseye-catching 26.But27.beingquizzed28.possessing29.evenif30.Havehired课堂训练：6.【2020-2021学年七宝中学高三下英语摸底考试】（★★★☆）“Killthefool!”“Murderthereferee!”“Tearthemapart!”Thesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingevents.Atthetimethey(21)______(make),theymayseeminnocentenough.Butlet’snotkid(22)______.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumes(23)______(write)aboutthewaywordsaffectus.Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotations(含义)(24)______causeustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent”asoneofthosewords.Perhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsterms.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent”is“enemy”,onewhoopposesyourinterests.Thus,(25)______aplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sintellect,andeveryactionmaybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallanincidentinahandballgamewhenarefereerefusedaplayer’srequest(26)______atimeoutforaglovechange.Theplayerscreamedinangerandthenstrucktherefereehardontheface.Intheheatofbattle,playershavebeenobservedtothrowthemselvesacrossthecourtwithoutconsideringtheconsequences(27)______suchamovemighthavehurtanyone.Ihavealsowitnessedaplayerreactingtohisopponent’sillegalblockingbydeliberatelyhittinghimwiththeballashardashecouldduringthecourseofplay.Offthecourt,theyaregoodfriends.Doesthatmakeanysense?Itcertainlygivesproofofacourtattitude(28)______(depart)fromnormalbehavior.Therefore,Ibelieveitistimeweelevatedthegametothelevel(29)______itbelongs,inordertosetanexampletotherestofthesportingworld.Replacingtheterm“opponent”with“associate”couldbeanidealwaytostart.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“associate”is“colleague”;“friend”;“companion”.Reflectupon(30)______Ihavesaidforamoment!Youmaysoonseeandpossiblyfeelthedifferenceinyourreactiontotheterm“associate”ratherthan“opponent”.【答案】aremade22.ourselves 23.havebeenwritten24.may 25.when26.for 27.that 28.departing 29.where 30.what7.【2020-2021学年上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学高三下学期英语3月月考试卷】（★★★★）Beingabletorepairadamagedhumanbrainwouldbenothingshortofgroundbreaking.Intheadulthumanbrain,neurons(神经元)don’tjustgrow.Theyhavetobecoaxed.Sofar,alotofresearch(21)________(conduct)inmiceandmonkeys,includingonestudythattransformedglia—oftencalledthesupportcellsofthebrain—intoneuronsandanotherthat(22)________(involve)transplantingimmaturebraincells.ButinanewpaperpublishedonTuesday,researchersmeasuredthenumberofcellsthatweredyingandthenumberofcellsbeingbornafterfishwerefrozenandrewarmed.Specifically,theyfocusedontheanimal’stelencephalon,anareaofafishbrain(23)________(associate)withlearningandmemory.Totest(24)________actualimpactthecellsdyingandbeingrebornmighthave,thescientistssentthefishthroughmazes(迷宫).(25)________thefishmademorewrongturnsaftertheywerefrozen—aftertheircellsdied—theyeventuallygottothefood.Andtheywerejustas(26)________(good)atrelearningthemazeasfishwhohadneverdonethemazebeforebeingfrozen.We’velongbeenconvincedthat,unless(27)________(have)oxygen,anybraincellswilldie,butfishbraincellsseemtodiebecausetheoxygeneventuallycomesback.Whyexactlythecellsdieisstillamystery.Thereareafewpossibleoptions,includingonepathway(28)________isbasedonanenzyme(酶素)calledcaspase3.However,thoughtheyfoundthelevelsofthisenzymewereelevated,itdidn’tseemtotriggerthebraincells’death.Infact,researchersfoundthatwhilebraincellsweredying,newoneswerebeingborn.Thoughit’snotlikelythathumanbrainswouldbeabletosurvive(29)________oxygenforlongwithoutincurringsomeseriousdamage,theresearcherssaid,“itisfeasiblethatstudiesonanimals(30)________________thecruciancarp(鲫鱼)canprovideknowledgeforhowwecanlimitandrepairthedamage.”【答案】21-25hasbeenconducted;involved;associated;what;(Al)though/While26-30good;having;which/that;without;suchas【2019-2020学年上海市长宁区延安中学高三上学期11月第一次阶段测试卷】（★★★★）Afterdaysofdestruction,Irma—thefirstCategory5hurricaneinFloridasince2004—hasdissipated(消散).The(21)(remove)millionsofFloridianshavebeenallowedtoreturnhome.However,thecleanupandrebuildingofthestateafter(22)(deadly)hurricaneinrecentyearswilltakeweeks—maybeevenmonths.Irma,(23)stretched650milesfromtheU.S.EastCoasttothewest,hasstruckatleastninestates—floodingcitystreets,knockingovertreesanddestroyinghomesalongtheway.TheFloridaKeys(弗罗里达群岛)(24)(cut)offfromthemainlandfordaysafterIrmamadelandfallonthelow-lyingislandsonSeptember10,(25)(bring)130-mile-per-hourwindsandastormsurgeof10feet.U.S.PresidentDonaldTrumpvisitedFloridalastThursdaytoviewthedamage.Searchandrescueteamshavebeenmovingthroughtheworstaffectedareaswithemergencysuppliesoffoodandwater.Florida'sDepartmentofTransportation(26)(work)torepairroadsthatwerewashedout.Stateofficialshavealsobeenworkingtorestoreservicesandmake(27)saferforresidentstoreturn,butsayingmatthiswilltaketime. ThedevastatinghurricaneknockedoutpowerformillionsofFloridians.(28)lastTuesday,electricpowerhadbeenrestoredto2.3millionresidents,whichwas40percentofthoseaffectedacrossthestate.However,someoftheresidentsaregoingtofacedayswithoutpowersincepowercompaniessaidtheircustomersonthestate'swestcoast(29)expectmostpowertoberestoredbySeptember15th,whichwasoutofthequestion.ThedeathtollfromIrmahasclimbedtoatleast31acrossthreestatesintheU.S.(30)thelossofpower,thisnumbermightbeincreasing.Afterall,Floridaisastateknownforitshotweather.Withoutthereliefofairconditioning,theheatposesaparticularthreattoFlorida'slargepopulationofelderlypeople,whoaremoresusceptibletoheat-relatedillnesses.【答案】21.removed 22.themostdeadly 23.which 24.wascut 25.bringing26.hasbeenworking 27.it 28.By 29.should 30.Dueto/Becauseof/Owingto课堂小结及作业：语法填空考点概述出题方式词性考查考点分布备考之道设关键词形容词/副词比较级准确判断考点，并且熟练掌握比较级、最高级变化规则和特殊情况最高级动词时态关注各个时态的用法和常见考点如完成时语态结合主语和动词用法，合理判断不定式合理判断非谓语类型；关注时态和语态动名词分词不设关键词冠词定冠词，不定冠词准确判断语境是特指还是非特指介词搭配及其他当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意积累常考介词代词人称物主代词注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应不定代词反身单词it形式主语、形式宾语、强调句、指代上文事物情态动词动词的意义注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度连接词定语从句熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法名词性从句状语从句强调句连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系【2019-2020学年上海市长宁区延安中学高三上学期11月第二次阶段测试卷】（★★★☆）CarlyLindmeiersitsonthepatioofherfather'shouseinOrangecountyCalifornia.The20-year-oldisfinishingupwoodenmonograms(字母图案)(21)_______(send)tohercustomers.Atfirstglance,youwouldn'tthinkthatLindmeierhasalife-threateningdisease.LikemanyyoungpeopleinCalifornia,sheloveshangingoutatthebeachandwatchingTVshows.Sheattendscollegeandplanstobecomeaspeechpathologist(病理学家).ButafterspendingsometimewithLindmeier,younoticethathervoicesoundsrough.Shewasbornwithcysticfibrosis,adiseasethatdamagestheloungeandthedigestivesystem.‘Imagine(22)_______(have)tobreathethroughastraw,’'Lindmeiersaid,‘That’s(23)______itfeelsliketohavecysticfibrosis.’Whilethepresentmightbe(24)________(exciting)timeinherlife,itcouldalsobefrightening.Forcysticfibrosisvictims,deathinchildhoodorearlyadulthoodiscommon,withanaveragelifeexpectancyof37."WhenIturned20,itwaskindoftoughtorealizethatIwasalreadymiddle-aged,"Lindmeiersaid."Fiveyearsfromnow,it'llprobablybeworse."（25）______________________herillness,Lindmeierstayspositive.Lookingforawaytoraiseawarenessaboutthisdisease,Lindmeiercameupwiththeideaofsellingavarietyofdecorated,woodenmonograms,each(26)________(dedicate)toafallencysticfibrosispatient.Shenamedit65WoodenRoses.Eachmonogramishand-madeandstartsat$24.99(158yuan),with20percentofincomegoingtotheCysticFibrosisFoundationintheUS.LaunchedinJuly,herbusiness(27)_______(bring)attentiontothediseaseallovertheUSalready.Meanwhile,Lindmeierhasapositiveoutlookonherownillness.InJulyanewtreatment,Orkambi,wasreleased,making(28)_______possibletokeepthediseaseundercontrol.It(29)______helppatientstolivedecadeslonger.(30)________Lindmeierhastopay$6,000everyyearfortheexpensivedrug,sheplanstostarttakingit.Forher,it'sasmallpricetopayforanimprovedqualityoflifeandsheisdeterminednottoletcysticfibrosisholdherback."IcouldjustbesadthatIhavecysticfibrosis,orIcoulddosomethingtomakemylifeworthlivingandbehappy,"shesaid."Happinessreallyisachoice.Ichoosetobehappy.”【答案】21-25tosendhavingwhatthemostexcitin