考研《英语一》2023年鹤山市最后冲刺试题含解析

考研《英语一》2023年鹤山市最后冲刺试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwasabitter,coldeveninginnorthernVirginiamanyyearsago.Theoldmanwas____forarideacrosstheriver.Thewaitseemed____.Hiebodybecamestiff(僵硬的)fromthecoldnorthwind.Heheardthe____ofapproachinghooves(马蹄)runningalongthefrozenpath.Anxiously,he___asseveralhorsemenroundedthebend.Heletthefirstonepassby____anefforttogethisattention.Thenanotherpassedby,andanother.____,thelastriderdrewnear.Theoldmancaughttherider’seyesandsaid,“Sir,wouldyou____givinganoldmanaridetotheotherside?”Reining(勒住)hishorse,theriderreplied,“Surething.Hop____.”Thehorsemangotoffandhelpedtheoldmanontothehorse.Hetooktheoldmannot____acrosstheriver,buttohisdestination.Astheynearedthetinybutcozycottage,thehorseman’s____causedhimtoinquire,“Sir,Inoticedthatyouletseveralotherriderspassby.I’mcurious___youwouldwaitandaskthelastrider.WhatifIhad____andleftyouthere?”Theoldmanreplied,“Ilookedintotheeyesoftheother___andimmediatelysawtherewasnoconcernformysituation.Itwouldhavebeen____eventoaskthemforaride.ButwhenIlookedintoyoureyes,kindnessandcompassionwere____.Iknewyourgentlespiritwould_____theopportunitytohelpme.”Thoseheartwarmingcomments____thehorsemandeeply.“I’mmost____forwhatyouhavesaid,”hetoldtheoldman.“MayI___gettoobusyinmyownaffairssothatIfailto____totheneedsofotherswithkindnessandcompassion.”withthat,ThomasJeffersonturnedhishorsearoundandmadehiswaybacktotheWhiteHouse.1、A．waiting B．searching C．preparing D．leaving2、A．wordless B．priceless C．careless D．endless3、A．number B．distance C．rhythm D．length4、A．stopped B．watched C．followed D．wandered5、A．beyond B．with C．through D．without6、A．Finally B．Luckily C．Sadly D．Slowly7、A．enjoy B．avoid C．mind D．admit8、A．ahead B．aboard C．below D．above9、A．still B．yet C．even D．just10、A．courage B．determination C．curiosity D．bravery11、A．why B．when C．how D．where12、A．agreed B．changed C．escaped D．refused13、A．soldiers B．riders C．leaders D．enemies14、A．successful B．necessary C．useless D．impolite15、A．obvious B．missing C．hidden D．helpful16、A．order B．force C．allow D．welcome17、A．affected B．touched C．injured D．shocked18、A．careful B．peaceful C．grateful D．powerful19、A．never B．always C．usually D．often20、A．stick B．lead C．point D．respondSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Weighingtoomuchcandamageyourhealth,andobesityisagrowingproblemforbothkidsandadultsaroundtheworld.Sleepmightbeoneanswertotheproblem.Anewstudyhasfoundthatelementaryschoolstudentswhoslepttoolittleweremorelikelytogainpounds.Paststudieshaveshownalinkbetweensleepinglessandweighingmore,butscientistshavehadatoughtimedetermining"whichcamefirst,thechickenortheegg,"saysJulieC．LumengoftheuniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Inotherwords,ithasn'tbeenclearwhetherkidswhoweightoomuchhavetroublesleeping,orwhethersleepinglessleadstoweightgain.Bothscenarios(可能出现的情况)seemedequallypossible.Togetabetterideaofwhichcauseswhich,Lumengandhercolleaguesinterviewedtheparentsof785thirdgradersfromaroundtheUnitedStates.Theparentsansweredquestionsabouthowwelltheirkidssleptthatyear.Threeyearslater,theparentsansweredthesamequestions.Bysixthgrade,18percentofkidsinvolvedinthestudywereobese.Thescientistsfoundnorelationshipbetweenweightandthestudents'raceorgender.Italsodidn'tmatterhowstricttheirparentswere,orwhethertheywereboysorgirls.Obesitystruckallofthesegroupsequally.Instead,sleepseemedtobethekeyfactor.Overthethreeyearsofstudy,thechildrenaveragedahealthy9.5hoursofsleepanight.Somekids,however,sleptalotmoreorlessthanothers.Forthesixthgraders,everyhourofsleepabovethe9.5houraveragewaslinkedtoa20percentlowerriskofbeingobese.Sleepappeareddoublyimportantforthethirdgraders.Everyextrahourofsleeptheygotwaslinkedtoa40percentdropinobesity.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceonparagraph2imply?A．Scientistshavefoundtheexactcausesofchildren'sobesity.B．ThereisalwayssomethingdifficulttounderstandthroughtheoryC．Thecause–effectrelationshipbetweenweightandsleepisn'tclear.D．Aperson'sweighthassomethingtodowiththeamountofhissleep.2、Whatdidtheinterviewfindout?A．9.5hoursofsleepanightisenoughforchildren.B．Themoreachildsleeps,thehealthierhewillbe.C．Sixthgradersneedmuchmoresleepthanthirdgraders.D．One’sraceorgenderhasnothingtodowithhisweight.3、Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A．BylistingfiguresB．BycomparingdifferentopinionsC．ByprovidingexamplesD．Byconductingasurvey4、Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A．ThebenefitsofenoughsleepforchildrenB．SleepinglessincreasestheriskofobesityC．Whichcomesfirst,littlesleeporobesityD．Howmanyhoursofsleepdochildrenneed?Text2Ihavehadalifelongfascination﹣callitobsessionifyoulike﹣withcommunication，withmakinglinkstootherplaces，othercultures，otherworlds．Therootsofthisobsessionhaveoftenpuzzledme．Iamnot﹣neverhavebeen﹣agregariousperson．Quitetheopposite，Iwasasolitarychildandmyclassmatesatschoolanduniversityalwaysthoughtofmeasaloner．Iwasnevercrazyaboutthenoisysolidarityofsocialgatherings．SowhywasIpossessedofadesiretomakecontactwithdistantplaces？ItcanpartlybeexplainedbythestartIhadinlife．Igrewuponwhatseemedatthetimeliketheedgeoftheworld﹣inaremotepartofruralIreland，inahouseholdwithfewbooksormagazines，andnotelevision．Foreigntravelwasunheardof．ApartfromthosewhoemigratedtoGreatBritainortheUnitedStates，virtuallynobodyweknewhadeverbeenabroad．Nobodyeverwentoverseasonholiday，andnoforeignlanguagesweretaughtintheschoolsIattended﹣withtheexceptionofLatin．Welivedinaclosedsocietythatthoughtofitselfasself﹣sufficient．Therewashoweveronechinkoflightinthesuffocatinggloom﹣theradio，whichwecalled"thewireless．"Itwas，bymodernstandards，ahugeapparatuspoweredbyvalves﹣whichiswhyittooksometimetowarmup﹣anda"magiceye"tuningindicator﹣agreenishglasscirclethatwinkedatyouasthesignalwaxedorwaned．Thebestthingaboutourwireless，though，wasthatithadashortwaveband．Thiswasthesourceofendlessfascinationtome，becauseitmeantthatevenwiththisprimitivedeviceonecouldlistentotheworld．AtfirstIcouldn'tunderstandhowitworked．Whywasreceptionsomuchbetteratnight？Whywasitsoinfuriatinglyvariable？Iaskedmyfather，wholookedevasiveandjustsaidithadsomethingtodowith"thewhachamacallitsphere"（healwayscalledcomplicatedthingsthewhachamacallit），butthisgavemeenoughofasteertogotothelocallibraryandstartdigging．InduecourseIdiscoveredthathewasreferringtotheionosphere﹣alayerofchargedparticleshighupattheedgeoftheEarth'satmospherethatactsasakindofreflectorforradiowavesofcertainfrequencies．Thereasonshortwaveradiocouldtravelsuchhugedistanceswasthatitusedtheionospheretobouncesignalsroundtheworld﹣whichwaswhyradiohamsinLatinAmericaorAustraliacouldsometimesbeheardbyayoungboyonthewesternseaboardofIreland．Signalsfromsuchdistantshoresweremorelikelytogetthroughatnightbecausethentheionospherewashigherandtransmissionoverlongerdistanceswaspossible．Iwasspellboundbythisdiscoveryofhowtechnologycouldpiggybackonanaturalphenomenontopushforwardlow﹣powersignalsthroughimmensedistances．ButmostofallIwasentrancedbytheideaofshortwaveradio，forthiswasatechnologywhichbelongednottogreatcorporationsorgovernments，buttopeople．Itwaspossible，myfatherexplained，toobtainalicensetooperateyourownshortwaveradiostation．Andallovertheglobepeopleheldsuchlicenses，whichenabledthemtositintheirbackroomsandbroadcasttothewholeworld．Theworldsuddenlyseemedwideopentome．1、Thesecondparagraphprimarilyservesto．A．revealtheauthor'sattitudetowardforeignculturesB．presentinformationthatshedslightonacertainpreoccupationC．todisplaytheauthor'snostalgiaforhisadolescenceD．foreshadowthecrucialdifferencebetweentheauthorandhisfather2、Theauthorconsidershisfather'sanswer（inParagraph3）tobe．A．incompletebuthelpfulB．humorousbutmeaningfulC．lightheartedyetconcernedD．sillyandconfusing3、Whichofthefollowing，iftrue，wouldmostweakentheclaimofoperatingashortwaveradiostation？A．ManygovernmentsaroundtheworlddonotregulateshortwaveusersB．ShortwaveequipmentisveryinexpensiveandisgettingcheaperallthetimeC．Mostindividualswhoapplyforshortwavelicensesareturneddown．D．CommunicationsexpertspredictthattheInternetwilleventuallyreplaceshortwaveradio．4、Thepassageisprimarilyabouttheauthor's．A．decisiontopursueacareerinscienceB．acceptanceofhisfamily'sshelteredoutlookC．devotiontothestudyofemergingtechnologyD．discoveryofamedium'sliberatingpotentialText3Criminalswhotrytopassofffakeartastherealdealshouldbecarefulnow.Anewidentificationmethodcouldmakerecognizingfakesmucheasier.ThetechniqueallowsscientiststotagpaintingsandotherartworkswithtinypiecesofDNA,whichactlikeasignature.Ifanartworkmissedthetag,peoplewouldimmediatelyknowitwasanillegalcopy.DNAisnormallyfoundinsidethecellsofalllivingthings.However,researchersattheStateUniversityofNewYorkatAlbany,whodevelopedthetaggingtechnique,havecreatedDNAinalab,whosecodeisjustasuniqueasthatofDNAfoundinnature.ThescientistswouldapplytheengineeredDNAtoasmalltagandplaceitonanartwork.Overtime,theDNAinthetagwouldbondwiththeartatamolecular(分子的)level.Thatway,evenifthetagisremoved,theDNAremains.PossiblebuyersandsellerscanuseascannertoreadaDNAtagor,ifthetagismissing,swab(擦拭)theartworktotestforDNAinside.Thentheycheckthemolecularmarkeragainstadatabaseofartiststomakesuretheworkisreal.Somefamousartistshavealreadyagreedtotrythishigh-techwaytosigntheirart.That’sbecausefakesarehugeproblemsintheartworld.It’ssaidthatasmanyastwooutofeveryfiveartworkssoldthesedaysarefakes.Someseemsoconvincingthatexpertsareneededtoprovewhetherthey’rerealornot.Althoughapaintingmaybeperfectlycopied,itwouldbenearlyimpossibletocopyaDNAtag.Applyingthetagdoesn’tharmtheworkitself.Evenbetter,theyeachcostonlyabout$150—aninexpensivepriceforatechnologythatcouldsavemuseums,artgalleries,andprivatecollectorsbillions.1、What’sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．HowtheDNAtagworks.B．HowtheDNAtagismade.C．Whatadatabaseisusedfor.D．WhatcanbedoneiftheDNAtagislost.2、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageoftheDNAtag?A．Itisaffordable.B．Itcanhardlybecopied.C．Itcanrenewautomatically.D．Itdoesnodamagetotheartworks.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“convincing”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Authentic.B．Elegant.C．Attractive.D．Complex.4、Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CopyingaDNATagB．SpottingaFakeC．TheDiscoveryofDNAD．ANewApplicationofNaturalDNAText4Lastfall,Ihappenedtooverhearastudenttellingtheothershehaddecidednottosignupforanintroductoryphilosophycourse.Thedemandsofhismajor,hesaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.Thestudents’conversationfitsintoalargeralarmingnarrativeabouttheroleofthehumanitiesinhighereducation.Inatimeofdizzyingtechnologicalachievementandofrapidscientificinnovation,scepticsofthehumanitiesmayquestiontheusefulnessofstudyingAristotle,theItalianRenaissanceorChinesefiction.Actually,Iregretnotinterruptingthatstudenttoarguefortakingthatintroductoryphilosophycourse.Iwouldhavestartedbyremindinghimthat,formuchofAmerica’shistory,collegegraduateswerenotconsideredtrulyeducatedunlesstheyhadmasteredphilosophy,literature,politicaltheoryandhistory.Thekeyroleofhighereducationwastoinvitestudentsintotheconversationsaboutmatterslikewhatitmeanstobealiveandthedefinitionofjustice.Fosteringengagementwiththesesubjectsisstillanessentialpartoftheuniversity’sfunctioninsociety.Iwouldhavealsomentionedtothestudentthathewasmisinformedaboutthejobmarket.Itistruethatmanyemployersarelookingforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskills,buttheyalsolookforothercapabilities.Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imaginationandmoralreasoningwillbetheultimatecoinoftherealm.Alltheseskillsaredevelopedinhumanitiescourses.Further,Iwouldhavearguedthatwhileadegreeanchoredinthesciencesisanimportantpreconditionformanyjobs,itisnottheonlyroute.LooknofurtherthanthefoundersofcompaniessuchasLinkedIn,SlackandFlickr,whoareamongthemanytechbusinesspersonswithdegreesinthehumanities,andwhocreditthattrainingfortheirsuccess.Contrarytothewidelyheldbeliefthathumanitiesmajorshaveahardtimegettingjobs,recentstudiesshowthatthosewithhumanitiesdegreesaresuccessfulintheworkplace,experiencinglowratesofunemploymentandreportinghighlevelsofjobsatisfaction.Theratiobetweenaveragemedian(中位数)incomesforhumanitiesdegreeholdersandthosewithbusiness,engineering,andhealthandmedicalsciencesdegreeshasbeenshowntonarrowoverthecourseofacareer.Thecaseforthehumanitiescanalsobeunderstoodinlesstransactionaltermsandmoreasafoundationalpreparationforalifewelllived.Ahumanitieseducationplaysavitalroleinencouragingcitizenstoleadanexaminedlife.Itfosterscriticalthinking,self-reflection,empathyandtolerance,theusefulnessofwhichonlybecomesmoreapparentasonenavigateslife’schallenges.Byallmeans,studentsshouldtakecoursestheythinkpracticalandfollowtheirinterests,butiftheyalsomakeapointofstudyingtheliteratureoftheRenaissance,orresearchingintomodernpoetry,oreventakingintroductoryphilosophy,wewillallbenefit.1、Whatdothestudents’conversationshow?A．Studentsfeelemploymentdifficult.B．Studentsthinkphilosophylessimportant.C．Studentsfindscientificinnovationamazing.D．Studentsconsideruniversitycoursesunsatisfying.2、WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?A．Highlyvalued. B．Equallyapplied.C．Strictlyassessed. D．Greatlyimproved.3、Theauthormayagreethathumanities_____.A．discoverstudents’artisticabilityB．preparestudentsforgraduationC．raiseawarenessofsocialstatusD．providegreatinsightsintolife4、Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA． B．C． D．PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TheAmberRoomwasmadeofseveraltonsofamberTheamberwhich1．(select)hadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoneyThedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedaysItwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,2．tookthecountry'sbestartistsabouttenyears3．(make)TheAmberRoomwasdesignedforthepalaceofFrederickI4．,thenextKingofPrussiaFrederickWilliamI,towhomtheAmberRoombelonged,decidednottokeepitIn1716hegave5．toPetertheGreat6．return,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiersSotheAmberRoombecamepartoftheCzarswinterpalaceinStPetersburgLater,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoom7．(move)toapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshespenthersummersShetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoitIn1770theroomwascompletedthewayshewantedAlmostsixhundredcandleslittheroomanditsmirrorsandpicturesshonelikegold8．(lucky),althoughtheAmberRoomwasconsideredoneofthe9．(wonder)oftheworld,itisnow10．(miss)Strangethingswerehappeningin1．countrysideofnortheastHebeiFarmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracks2．themInthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervous3．(eat)Miceranoutofthefields4．(look)forplacestohideThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshaneven5．noplaneswereintheskyButtheonemillionpeopleofthecity,6．thoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnightElevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecityoneofthe7．(great)earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegunOne-thirdofthenation8．(feel)itThe9．(suffer)ofthepeoplewasextremeTwo-thirdsofthemdiedorwere10．(injure)duringtheearthquakeSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Apeerisapersonwhoisaboutthesameageasyou.Peersaffectyourlife,whetheryouknowitornot,justbyspendingtimewithyou.1、Maybeanotherstudentinyourscienceclasstaughtyouaneasywaytoremembertheplanetsinsolarsystem.Maybeyougotothersexcitedaboutyournewfavoritebookandnoweveryone’sreadingit.However,sometimespeersaffectoneanotherinanotherway.2、Maybeakidintheneighborhoodwantedyoutostealwithhim.Somekidsgiveintopeerpressurebecausetheywanttobeliked,tofitin,orbecausetheyworrythatotherkidsmaymakefunofthemiftheydon’tgoalongwiththegroup.3、Theideathat“everyone’sdoingit”mayinfluencesomekidstoleavetheirbetterjudgmentsortheircommonsensesbehind.Peerpressurecanbeextremelystrongandhardtogetridof.Experimentshaveshownhowpeerpressurecaninfluencesomeonetochangeher/hismindfromwhatshe/heknowsforsureisacorrectanswertotheincorrectanswer-justbecauseeveryoneelsegivestheincorrectanswer!4、5、Payingattentiontoyourownfeelingsandbeliefsaboutwhatisrightandwrongcanhelpyouknowtherightthingtodo.Innerstrengthandself-confidencecanhelpyoustandfirm,walkawayandresistdoingsomethingwhenyouknowbetter.A．Peerscanhaveagoodeffectononeanother.B．Peerpressureisthedirectinfluenceonpeoplebypeers.C．Goodpeersmaygiveyouahandwhenyouareintrouble.D．Thatholdstrueforpeopleofanyageinpeerpressuresituations.E.Maybeonekidinschooltriedtogetanothertocutclasswithhim.F.Itcanbehardtowalkawayfrompeerpressure,butitcanbedone.G.Othersmaygoalongbecausetheyarecurioustotrysomethingnewthatothersaredoing.HowtokeepajournalKeepingajournalcanbeawayofgivingyourfeelingsanoutletlikenoother.1、Butitcanbehelpfultoreadsuggestionsformakingthemostofyourjournal,aswellas