考研《英语一》2023年米脂县考前冲刺试卷含解析

考研《英语一》2023年米脂县考前冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)NewgeneticanalysishasrevealedthatmanyAmazontreespeciesarelikelytosurvivehuman-madeclimatewarminginthecomingcentury,contrarytopreviousfindingsthattemperatureincreaseswouldcausethemtodieout.Astudy,1inthelatesteditionofEcologyandEvolution,revealsthe2ageofsomeAmazoniantreespecies--morethan8millionyears--and3showsthattheyhavesurvivedpreviousperiodsaswarmasmanyoftheglobalwarmingimaginedperiods4fortheyear2100.Theauthorswritethat,havingsurvivedwarmperiodsinthepast,thetreeswill5survivefuturewarming,providedtherearenoothermajorenvironmentalchanges.6extremedroughtsandforestfireswillimpactAmazoniaastemperatures7,thetreeswillstandthedirectimpactofhighertemperatures.Theauthors8thataswellasreducinggreenhousegasemissionstominimizetheriskofdroughtandfire,conservationpolicyshouldremain9onpreventingdeforestation（采伐森林）foragricultureandmining.Thestudydisagreeswithotherrecentresearcheswhichpredictedtreespecies’extinctions10relativelysmallincreasesinglobalaverageairtemperatures.Studyco-authorDrSimonLewis(UCLGeography)saidthe11weregoodnewsforAmazontreespecies,butwarnedthatdroughtandover-exploitationoftheforestremainedmajor12totheAmazon’sfuture.DrLewissaid:“Thepastcannotbecompareddirectlywiththefuture.whiletreespeciesseemlikelyto13higherairtemperaturesthantoday,theAmazonforestisbeingtransformedforagricultureand14,andwhatremainsisbeingdegradedbylogging,andincreasinglysplitupbyfieldsandroads.“Specieswillnotmoveasfreelyintoday’sAmazonastheydidinpreviouswarmperiods,whentherewasnohuman15.Similarly,today’sclimatechangeisextremelyfast,makingcomparisonswithslowerchangesinthepast16.”“Withaclearer17oftherelativeriskstotheAmazonforest,we18thatdirecthumanimpacts--suchasforestclearancesforagricultureormining--shouldremainakeypointofconservationpolicy.Wealsoneedmoreaggressive19toreducegreenhousegasemissionsinordertomakeminimumtheriskofdroughtandfireimpactsand20thefutureofmostAmazontreespecies.”1、A．advertised B．described C．published D．presented2、A．frightening B．surprising C．exciting D．interesting3、A．still B．nevertheless C．however D．therefore4、A．assess B．confirm C．forecast D．promise5、A．particularly B．probably C．merely D．possibly6、A．Since B．Although C．When D．If7、A．rise B．change C．drop D．end8、A．consider B．decide C．guarantee D．recommend9、A．based B．built C．focused D．made10、A．inrelationto B．inresponseto C．inreplyto D．inreferenceto11、A．findings B．thoughts C．inventions D．writings12、A．threats B．disadvantages C．embarrassments D．instructions13、A．accept B．tolerate C．permit D．Require14、A．farming B．planting C．catering D．mining15、A．power B．influence C．desire D．violence16、A．difficult B．clear C．easy D．important17、A．belief B.direction C．understanding D．suggestion18、A．doubt B．conclude C．calculate D．prefer19、A．thought B．guidance C．protection D．action20、A．secure B．advance C．sacrifice D．evaluateSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Peoplewhohaveredhairandpeoplewhoarelosingtheirhaircouldfinallygettheirownemoji(表情符号).TheEmojipediawebsitehasshownnewemojisfollowingdemandsthattheyshouldbemorediverse.Ifitsideasareapproved,thenewemojiscouldbeaddedin2018,alongsidenewcharactersthathavegrey,curlyorAfrohair.“Newstylesfocusonappearancesthataren’tcurrentlysupportedintheinformalskintoneandhaircolorpairings(组合)usedonmanycellphones,”showedonepageonthewebsite.ThepagegaveJessicaChastainandEdSheeranasexamplesofpeoplewithredhair.SineadO’ConnorandSamuelLKacksonweregivenasexamplesofpeoplewithnohairorashavenhead.Theemojiscouldbereleasedin2018ifchosenbytheUnicodeConsortiumwhichmetinJanuary,2017followinganumberofcomplaintsaboutlackofdiversity.“Non-naturallyoccurringfeatures,suchasbluehairandtattoos,arenotincludedinthisproject,”thewebsiteadded.Attheendof2016,ApplepublisheditsiOS10.2softwareupdatewhichincluded72newemojissuchasfirefighters,astronauts,rockstarsandsoon.Butpeoplewhohaveredhairwerenotablyabsent,causingaglobalprotest.AwebsiteinScotlanddemandinggingeremojisgot20,000signatures.Themainissueisthatthereisoneorganization,knownasUnicodeConsortium,whocontrolsemojisoniPhone.InMarch,anewlistofemojiswaspublishedbyEmojipediawhichmightbereleasedlaterthisyear.However,theemojisneedtobeapprovedbytheUnicodeTechnicalCommitteebeforepeoplecanusethem.In2015,gingeremojiswerepublishedontheGooglePlayStoreforAndroid.Butupuntilnow,theUnicodeConsortiumhasnotbeenwillingtogiveintogingercampaigners.1、Whichofthefollowingemojiscouldbeincludedin2018?A．Characterswithblackhair.B．Characterswithwhiteskin.C．Characterswithshavenheads.D．Characterswithsmilingfaces.2、TattoosarerejectedbytheUnicodeConsortiumbecause________.A．thereisnodemandforthemB．peopledislikesuchemojisC．theyareoutoffashionD．theyarenotnaturalidentity3、WhatistheUnicodeConsortium’sattitudetogingeremojis?A．Favorable.B．Ambiguous.C．Disapproving.D．Uncaring.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NewEmojistoBEAddedin2018B．ComplaintsaboutthePresentEmojisC．DemandsforNewandInformalEmojisD．GlobalProtestsagainsttheLackofDiversityText2YoungpeopleintheUnitedStatesdonothaveastrongunderstandingoftheworldandtheirplaceinit.TwoU.S.—basedgroups,theCouncilonForeignRelationsandtheNationalGeographic,Societycommissionedanonlinesurveyearlierthisyear.TheywantedtoknowwhatyoungpeopleeducatedinAmericancollegesknewaboutgeography,U.S.foreignpolicy,recentinternationalevents,andeconomics.Thesurveywasgiventoover1,200Americansbetweentheagesof18and3years.Allofthempresentlyattending,orhavingpreviouslygraduatedfrom,a2-or4-yearcollegeoruniversity.Theaveragetestscore,outof75totalpossibleanswers,was55percent.Thestudyidentifiesafewimportantproblems.Forexample,only30percentknewthattheonlypartoftheU.S.governmentthatcandeclarewarisCongress.Only60%ofthosetakingthesurveycouldidentifyBrazilonaworldmap.Partoftheproblem,arguetheorganizersofthesurvey,istheinternet.Theysayitisbecominghardertofindhigh-qualityinformationaboutworldeventsamongstallthefakenewsandtriviawhichswamptheweb.Forty-threepercentofthosequestionedsaidtheyreadaboutthenewsonFacebook.Anotherproblemisthatmostcollegecoursesdonotrequirestudentstolearnaboutinternationalissues.Ifsuchinformationisnotrequired,RichardHaassfromtheCouncilonForeignRelationssaid,thentheUnitedStatescouldhaveleaderslikeGaryJohnson.HewasarecentpresidentialcandidatewhodidnotknowabouttheSyriancityofAleppowhenareporteraskedhimaboutit.Thesurveyresultswerenotallbad.Theyoungpeoplealsodemonstratedagoodunderstandingofclimatechangeandrenewableenergy.Andthemajorityofthemsaidthatinternationalissueswerebecomingmoreimportanttothem.Haasssaysthesefindingssuggesttheneedtofindwastogetgoodinformationtostudents,bothinschoolandonline.Tohelp,theCouncilonForeignRelationsiscreatinganewprogramcalledCFRCampus,designedtohelpbuildknowledgeaboutglobalissues.1、Whatcanwelearnaboutthesurvey?A．AlltheparticipantswererecentuniversitygraduatesB．ItwasanonlinesurveyconductedbytwoUSuniversitiesC．ItsaimistofigureoutwhattheyoungpeopleknowaboutAmericaD．Itwasgiventoover1,200Americanpeopleagedfrom18to32、What’sonereasonsurveyorganizersgiveforyoungpeople’slackofknowledge?A．YoungpeopleareunwillingtotravelabroadB．ThesourcesfromwhichtheygettheirinformationC．TheUSuniversitysystemisofpoorqualityD．Theirlackofinterestinknowingmoreabouttheworld3、Accordingtothesurvey,whattopicdidtheyoungAmericansunderstandbest?A．EnvironmentalmattersB．GeographicinformationC．ForeignrelationsD．Governmentorganizations4、Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldwefindthisarticle?A．EconomicsB．EntertainmentC．PoliticsD．EducationText3Noevidenceshowsthatthekeytolearninganewlanguageissurroundingyourselfwithnativespeakersofthatlanguage.ButwhatifthosenativespeakersareDoratheExplorerandDiego?Itturnsouttelevisionandradiomightbeevenbettertoolsfornewlanguagelearnersthanpreviouslythought.AccordingtotworecentstudiesbyScientificAmerican,itispossibletofutheryourunderstandingofanewlanguagewithoutactivelypracticingorfullypayingattention.Forstarters,researchpublishedintheJournaloftheAcousticalSocietyofAmericasuggeststhatlanguagelearnerswhofocuscontinuouslyonlearningnewsoundskeepnomoreinformationthanthosewhotakeoccasionalbreaks.WhileonegroupofstudyparticipantspracticeddistinguishingthreedifficultHindisoundsforonehouradayoverthecourseofseveraldays,anothergroupalternately(交替地)spent10minutesonlearningand10minutesonanintentionallydistracting(使人分心的)taskastheHindisoundsplayedinthebackground.Whentestedonthesounds,thedistractedgroupperformedjustaswellasthefocusedgroup.AndafollowingstudypublishedintheJournalofMemoryandLanguagefurthervalidatesthepowerofinactivelearning.ResearchersfoundthatSpanishstudentslearningtheBasqueaccentimprovedlesswhentheywereinstructedtorepeatsoundsbackduringtheirtraining;listeningtonewsoundssilentlyactuallyresultedinbettermemory.So,isittimetolayoffyourtutorandbuyaboxsetofCordonSalvaje?Notquite.Whilethisgrowingbodyofresearchsuggestsinactivelanguagelearningisanamazingtoolinyourlanguagelearning,thevalueoffocusedpracticecannotbeignored.“Youneedtocometoclassandpayattention,”saysMelissaBaese-Berk,alanguageexpertandco-authorofoneofthestudies,“Butwhenyougohome,turnontheTVorturnontheradiointhatlanguagewhileyou’recookingdinner,andevenifyou’renotpayingtotalattentiontoit,it’sgoingtohelpyou.”Sogetoutthereandlearn…butnottoohard.Whileyou’reatit，itwouldn’thurttoimproveyourgrammarskills,1、Whatarethefindingsoftherecentstudiesabout?A．Televisionandradioaretheonlytoolsforlanguagelearning.B．Inactivelearningplaysagreatroleinlearningnewlanguages.C．FullattentioncontributestogreaterachievementoflanguagelearningD．Itisimportanttocommunicatewithnativespeakerswhenlearningnewlanguages.2、Theunderlinedword“Validate”inparagraph4referto________.A．confirmB．contradictC．indicateD．assume3、WhatisMelissaBaese-Berk’sattitudetowardsinactivelanguagelearning?A．doubtfulB．favorableC．indifferentD．disapproving4、Whichpracticedoestheauthorprobablyapprove?A．Givinguppronunciationdrillsintheclass,B．Repeatingafterthetapesintentionallyallthetime.C．Playingtargetlanguagesinthebackgroundwhiledinning.D．Practicingdistinguishingdifficultsoundsoftargetlanguages.Text4AmazingTrainRidesTakingatraininthewinterisfun.Themountainsturnfromgreentowhite.andyoucanenjoythemonthejourney.Nowmanyholiday-themedtrainsaddfun.Allaboard!●AuroraWinterTrain:AlaskaThisseasonalscenictrainthatheadsnorthfromAnchorageispopular.FromtheWinterTrainyou'llseeasnow-whiteDenali,America'stallestpeak(山峰)-andwithanyluck,atracksidemoose(驼鹿).YoucangetoffthetrainafterthreehoursatTalkeetnatoskiinDenaliorcontinueonforanotherninehourstoFairbanksforsomenorthernlightsviewing.There'refewbetterplaces,asFairbanksisAmerica'snorthernmostcity.●TheSkiTrain,ColoradoTheSkiTrainisajoyfulrideevenfornon-skiers.TherideconnectsDenver's1914Beaux-ArtsstationwiththeWinterParkskiarea.Oneminuteyou'reindowntownDenver'sBeaux-ArtsUnionStationandtwohourslateryou'resteppingoffthetrain.100feetfromaWinterParkskilift.Whatawonderfulrideitis!●AmtrakCaliforniaZephyr:ChicagotoSanFranciscoLong-distancetraintravelersadorewestwindinanyseason,butwinteraddstheappealofsugarysnowoutsidethewindowasyoutravelovertheRockiesandSierras.DepartingdailyallwinterfrombothChicagoandSanFrancisco,the51-hourjourneyoffershotel-levelserviceinabedroom.Oryoucanbreakupthetripwithstopstosleep(andski)inDenverorSaltLakeCity.●Canyon&Christmastrains:ArizonaSnowbirds"whoescapetheMidwestcoldinDecemberbyflyingtoArizonawishformemoriesofaChristmasawayfromthedesert.WithashortdrivefromPhoenixtoClarkdale(nearSedona).they'llseesmallpinesandredrockhillswhilehuggingtheVerdeRiveronthefour-hourVerdeCanyontraininindoorandopen-aircars.1、WhatshouldyoudoifyougotoFairbanksfromAnchoragetoseenorthernlights?A．ChangetrainsinDenali. B．Takea12-hourtrainride.C．Climboverthetallestpeak. D．Travelthroughamoosefarm.2、Onwhichridecanyouenjoycomfortableaccommodation?A．AuroraWinterTrain. B．TheSkiTrain.C．AmtrakCaliforniaZephyr. D．Canyon﹠Christmastrains.3、Whatisthesimilarityofthefourwintertrainrides?A．Theyareallavailableduringthewholeyear.B．Theyareintendedforyoungtravelenthusiasts.C．Theyofferthepassengersgoodchancesofskiing.D．Theyprovideaccesstowintersceneryontheway.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ShawnStevensonsaysthatthebesttimetogotobedis10pmWeshouldthenwakeupat6amHeis1．expertstudyinghumansleepingpatternsHebelieves10pmisthebestbedtimebecausethisiswhenthesun2．(set),and6amistheperfecttimetowakeupbecausethisis3．thesunrisesThecloser4．(we)sleepingpatternistothemovementofthesun,hesays,the5．(much)energywewillhaveduringthedayHealsosaysthatlookingatelectronicslikecomputersandphonesbefore6．(go)tobedmakessleepingdifficultThebluelightfromtheseelectronicsistheworst7．youneedtolookatanelectronicdevicebeforesleep,hesays,youshouldchangethesettingsothatthereislessbluelightHealsosaysyoushouldavoidcaffeine(咖啡因),sugaranddairy8．(product)suchasmilkorcheese9．theeveningThiswillmakeiteasierforyou10．(sleep)Haveyoueveraskedyourselfwhychildrengotoschool?Youwill1．(probable)saythattheygotolearnlanguages,history,scienceandsomeotherknowledgeThat’squitetrue,butdoyouknow2．theylearnthesethings?Wesendourchildrentoschooltopreparethem3．thefuturewhentheygrowupandhavetoworkfor4．(they)NearlyeverythingtheystudyatschoolhassomepracticaluseintheirlifeButisthat5．onlyreasonwhytheygotoschool?Thereismoreineducationthanjust6．(learn)factsWegotoschooltolearnhowtolearn,sothatwhenwehaveleftschoolwecancontinuetolearnAman7．reallyknowshowtolearnwillalwaysbe8．(success),becausewhenhehastodosomethingnew,hewillnotonlybeabletodoitwellhimself,hewillalsobeable9．(teach)othershowtodoitinthebestwaySothepurposeofschoolsisnottoteachlanguages,history,science,etc,buttoteach10．(student)thewaytolearnSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Inaworldfullofuncertainty,havingatleastonethingyoucancountonisimportant.1、Forothersitcouldbereadingorrunning.Forme,however,itisalwaysart.Creatingcanbedifficult,butthat’swhatmakesartspecial.Youcanstartyourprojectwithwhatyouwantandyoucanchangeyourmindmanytimes.2、Arthastaughtmetobepatientwithmyself.IfIcouldnamemyfavouritethingaboutart,itwouldbethatnotwopiecesarethesame.Manypeopletrytofollowoneanothertobejustlikethem,butthat’llneverhappen.3、Arthastaughtmethatbeforeanything,beyourself.Youmaybealittletoocolorfulforsomepeoplebuttoothersyou’reexactlytherainbowthey’vebeenlookingfor.4、Thewaycertaincolorsmixtogethertomakeanewshadecanpaintanentirepictureinyourmind.Youcanlearnabouttheworldifyoujustpayattention.Thesmallthingsyouobservecouldbeyourinspiration.Listen,feelandseemore,itwillfascinate(使入迷)youhowmuchmoreyouappreciatethesmallthingsaroundyou.Artisseendifferentlybyeveryone.However,onethingincommoniscreativity.Youdon’tneedtobegoodatpaintingtoenjoysomethingbeautiful.Bereadytobepatient,beyourselfandbegoodatobserving.5、A．Thebeautyofartisinthedetails.B．I’velearnedsomelessonsfromcreating.C．Ifso,there’llbenolimitsonwhatyoucancreate.D．It’ssomethingthatnothingornoonecouldtakeaway.E.There’llalwaysbecertainthingsthatmakethemunique.F.Theonlythingthatgivesmeanypieceofmindispainting.G.Butnomatterwhat,therewillalwaysbeafinishedproduct.Criticismcanbedividedintotwotypes.1、Thisisthetypeofcriticismthatcanbethemosthurtful.Parentsmightexpresstheirdisapprovalofyourchoiceincareer,friendsorlifestyle.Peoplemaycriticizehowyoudressorthewayyouact.Itcanbete