山东省日照市2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试校级联考英语试卷

2022级高一下学期期中校际联合考试英语试题本试卷共四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡相应的位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whenwillthewomanwalkthedog?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.2.Whathobbywillthegirlpossiblychoose?A.Reading.B.Playingsports.C.Cooking.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Eatingathome.B.Diningout.C.Buyingsomefood.4Whyisthemanmad?A.Thedishesaredirty.B.Theroomsmellsbad.C.Thegarbageiseverywhere.5.Wherewillthewomanleavetheshoes?A.Intherain.B.Inthegarage.C.Bythedoor.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoestheman’ssistergetfromtheclub?A.Flowers.B.Fruittrees.C.Vegetables7.Howmanyplantswilltheman’ssistergetthismonth?A.One.B.Two.C.Four.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Howoftendoesthemangotothegym?A.Everyday.B.Fivetimesperweek.C.Fivetimesamonth.9.WhatdoesthewomanusuallydoonSundays?A.Bikearound.B.StudyChineseC.Relaxathome.10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Hobbies.B.Studies.C.Exercise.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howlongistheman’svacationfortheSpringFestival?A.Threedays.B.Oneweek.C.Twoweeks.12.Whydoesthemanhaveadifferentschedule?A.HeaskedforleaveinJune.B.Hedoesn’tcelebratetheSpringFestival.C.Hetakesturnswithanotheremployeeforvacations.13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Guideandtourist.B.Coworkers.C.Strangers.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whoisthemanprobably?A.Thewoman’sgrandson.B.Thewoman’steacher.C.Thewoman’sboss.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttolearn?A.Howtousesocialmedia.B.Howtomakevideos.C.Howtodrive.16.Howlongwillthecourselast?A.Twoweeks.B.Threeweeks.C.Onemonth.17.Howdoesthewomandescribetheman?A.Clever.B.Trusting.C.Positive.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhendidNewZealandbeetrulyindependent?A.1841.B.1947.C.1853.19.WhoisNewZealand’sheadofstate?A.QueenElizabethⅡ.B.JacindaArdern.C.PeterJackson.20.WhatisthebiggestmountaininNewZealand?A.MitrePeak.B.MountTasman.C.MountCook.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWithgreenmountainsandwidebeaches—aswellasruins(废墟)fromthedaysoftheancientGreeksandRomans—theislandnationofCyprusintheeasternMediterraneanoffersalargenumberofeyecatchingplacestovisit.Herearejustafew.PaintedChurchesintheTroodosMountainsTheTroodosMountains,onthesouthernsideoftheisland,arepopularforwalkerandwintersportsfans.Butthey’realsofamousforagroupofchurcheswhoseinsidewallsarecoveredwithcolorfulpaintingsfromasfarbackasthe11thcentury.Fromtheoutside,thebuildingsmaynotlookveryspecial,butstepinsideandalmosteverystonetellsastoryoftheancientpast.AyiaNapaOntheeastcoast,AyiaNapaistheisland’spartycapital—butthat’snotallthereistodo.In2021,theMuseumofUnderwaterSculptureopenedaround200metersfromthebeach.Visitorsmustbookwithalocaldivingpanyinordertoseethesculptures,ofwhichtherearemorethan90.AccordingtoartistJasondeCairesTaylor,theideaofthemuseumistomakepeoplethinkaboutthewaythathumansandnaturelivetogether.NorthernCyprusTheTurkishspeakingnorthernpartoftheisland—whichhascalleditselfanindependentstatesince1983—isquieterthanthesouth.ButthereislotstoseebothinthebackstreetsofGirneandLefkosa—alsoknownasKyreniaandNorthNicosia—aswellastheancientcityofSalamis,withits2,000yearoldoutdoortheater.1.WhataretheTroodosMountainsknownfor?A.Hugestones. B.Strangebuildings.C.Ancientchurches. D.Dangeroussports.2.WhatmakestheMuseumofUnderwaterSculpturesospecial?A.Itslocation. B.Itshistory. C.Itssize. D.Itscollection.3.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Ahistoricalnovel. B.Asciencereport.C.Ageographybook. D.Atravelmagazine.【答案】1.C2.D3.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了位于地中海东部的Cyprus岛国的几个引人注目的景点。1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章PaintedChurchesintheTroodosMountains部分“Butthey’realsofamousforagroupofchurcheswhoseinsidewallsarecoveredwithcolorfulpaintingsfromasfarbackasthe11thcentury.(但是它们也因一组教堂而闻名，这些教堂的内墙上挂满了远至11世纪的彩色绘画)”可知，特罗多斯山以古老的教堂而闻名。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章AyiaNapa部分“Visitorsmustbookwithalocaldivingpanyinordertoseethesculptures,ofwhichtherearemorethan90.(游客必须项当地的潜水公司预定才能看到这些超过90件的雕塑)”可知，水下雕塑博物馆的收藏的雕塑使得它如此特别，故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“theislandnationofCyprusintheeasternMediterraneanoffersalargenumberofeyecatchingplacestovisit.(位于地中海东部的Cyprus岛国就提供了大量引人注目的景点)”以及后文分别介绍了三个著名的景点可推知，这篇文章可能来自于一本与旅游相关的旅游杂志。故选D。BSylvesterStallonehadbeenastrugglingactorbeforeheachievedhisgreatsuccessasanactorandscreenwriter,startingin1976withhisroleasboxerRockyBalboa,inthefirstfilmofthesuccessfulRockyseries.Stallonewassopooratonepointthathesoldhiswife’sjewellery(珠宝).Heendedupbeinghomeless,sleepinginabusstation,andstruggledtoaffordfood.Heevenmanagedtogetasmallamountofmoneyinhispocketbysellinghisdogfor$25.Soonafter,Stallonedecidedtotakehiscareerintohisownhandsandwriteamovieroleforhimself.Afterwatchingaboxingmatch,Stallonewrotethescript(脚本)forRockyveryquickly,andsoonastudiowantedtobuythescreenplaytomake.Stallonewasoffered$125,000fortheRockyscript,butthetroubleforthestudiowasthatStallonewantedtostarinthemovie.Stallonewaspenniless,buthestillturneddown$125,000inordertochasehisdream.Afterbeingrefusedontheideathathe“lookedandtalkedfunny”,Stallonewasthenoffered$250,000forthescreenplay.Herefusedunlesshecouldstar.Hewasthenoffered$350,000.Againherefused.Thestudiowantedthisscreenplaysobadly,butwasnotwillingtoriskthemoneyonthisunknownactor.Stallonestayedstrong,andeventuallythestudiogavehimasmallamountforthescriptandlethimstar.Withhisfortunesup,Stallonewenttobuybackhisdog,buttheguyhesoldittowouldnotsellhimback.Stalloneofferedtheman$1,000forthedog,butthemanrefused.Eventually,themanaccepted$15,000forthedog.AndthisiswhyStallonehasdeservedhissuccessandwhyheisonthislistofthebestinspiringstories—becausehewaswillingtodowhateverittakestogethisdream.4.WhatdoweknowaboutStallonefromparagraph2?A.Helivedaveryhardlife. B.Hedidn’twanttoworkhard.C.Hemadealivingbysellingdogs. D.Hedidn’tgetonwellwithhiswife.5.WhydidthestudiorefusetooffertheroletoStalloneatfirst?A.Hewasn’taresponsibleactor. B.Heaskedtoomuchforhisscript.C.Theyhadalreadyfoundafamousstar. D.Theythoughthewasn’ttherightperson.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesStallone?A.Humorous. B.Honest. C.Determined. D.Creative.7.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Stallone’sRockySeries B.Stallone’sWellwrittenScriptC.Stallone’sRoadtoSuccess D.Stallone’sJourneytoFortunes【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Stallone的成功之路。4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Stallonewassopooratonepointthathesoldhiswife’sjewellery(珠宝).Heendedupbeinghomeless,sleepinginabusstation,andstruggledtoaffordfood.(Stallone一度非常贫穷，以至于卖掉了妻子的珠宝。他最终无家可归，睡在公交站，难以支付得起食物)”可推知，Stallone过着非常艰难的生活。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Afterbeingrefusedontheideathathe“lookedandtalkedfunny”,Stallonewasthenoffered$250,000forthescreenplay.(Stallone因为‘长相和谈吐都很有趣’而被拒绝，他得到了25万美元剧本报价)”可知，工作室一开始拒绝让Stallone出演这个角色是因为他们认为他不是合适的人选。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“AndthisiswhyStallonehasdeservedhissuccessandwhyheisonthislistofthebestinspiringstories—becausehewaswillingtodowhateverittakestogethisdream.(这也就是为什么Stallone值得他的成功，也是为什么他被列入这个最佳励志故事名单的原因——因为他愿意不惜一切代价来实现自己的梦想)”可推知，Stallone是一个非常有决心，意志坚定的人。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“AndthisiswhyStallonehasdeservedhissuccessandwhyheisonthislistofthebestinspiringstories—becausehewaswillingtodowhateverittakestogethisdream.(这也就是为什么Stallone值得他的成功，也是为什么他被列入这个最佳励志故事名单的原因——因为他愿意不惜一切代价来实现自己的梦想)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了Stallone的成功之路。由此可知，C项“Stallone的成功之路”符合文章标题。故选C。CFrancehaschangedtherulesinitsgrocerystoresandmarketplaces.StartingonJanuary1,2022,mostfreshfruitsandvegetablescannolongerbepackagedforsalernplastic.Underthenewlaw,morethan30typesoffruitsandvegetablesmustnowbesoldinmaterialsthatcanberecycled.Potatoes,tomatoes,applesandcarrotsaresomeoftheitemsincludedinthelist.Plasticwillstillbeallowedforpacksthatareover1.5kilograms.Smalleritemssuchasraspberriesandcherrytomatoescanstillbesoldinplasticfornow,butthecountryplanstoban(禁止)allsingleuseplasticpackagingforwholefruitsandvegetablesby2026.ThisbanonplasticpackagingispartofabroadereffortbyFrancetocontrolplasticwasteacrossarangeofsectors.Othereffortsincludepreventingrestaurantsfromincludingplastictoysinchildren’smeals,newspapersandmagazinesfrombeingdeliveredinplastic,andteabagsbeingsoldinplasticpackages.Furthermore,publiclocationsmustprovidewaterrefillstationstodisincentivizetheuseofsingleusewaterbottles.It’sbelievedthat37%offreshfruitsandvegetablesarewrappedinplasticinFrance.Thegovernmentsaysthenewbanwillstoponebillionpiecesofplasticfrombeingusedeachyear.Noteveryoneishappywiththechange.FrançoisRoch,presidentoftheFrenchfruitsellers’federation,toldReuters,“Sellinglooseproduceisplicated(复杂的)asmanycustomerstouchthefruitandpeopledonotwanttheirfruittobetouchedbyothercustomers.”ThebanwilllikelyrequireachangeinhabitsShopperswillprobablyhavetotaketheirownreusablebagstofillandweigh.ItwillbeinterestingtoseehowFrancedealswiththeplicationsthatewithsellinglooseproduce,andwhetherothercountriesfollowsuit,onceaprecedent(先例)hasbeenset.8.What’sthepurposeofthenewban?AToreduceplasticwaste. B.Tocontroloverspending.C.Torecycleplasticproducts. D.Tofightoverpackaging.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disincentivize”meaninparagraph3?A.Ignore. B.Measure. C.Increase. D.Discourage.10.HowdoesFrançoisRochfeelaboutthenewlaw?A.Relaxed. B.Dissatisfied. C.Surprised. D.Interested.11.Whatisaprobableresultofthebanaccordingtotheauthor?A.Moreattentiontoahealthylifestyle. B.Achangeincustomers’shoppinghabits.C.Fewertipstostoresandsupermarkets. D.Adropinthesaleoffruitsandvegetables.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了法国已经改变了杂货店和市场的规则，从2022年1月1日开始，大多数新鲜水果和蔬菜不能再用塑料包装。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThisbanonplasticpackagingispartofabroadereffortbyFrancetocontrolplasticwasteacrossarangeofsectors.(这项塑料包装禁令是法国在多个行业控制塑料废物的更广泛努力的一部分)”可知，新禁令的目的是减少塑料垃圾。故选A。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Othereffortsincludepreventingrestaurantsfromincludingplastictoysinchildren’smeals,newspapersandmagazinesfrombeingdeliveredinplastic,andteabagsbeingsoldinplasticpackages.(其他措施还包括禁止餐馆在儿童餐中加入塑料玩具，禁止报纸和杂志用塑料包装递送，以及禁止茶包用塑料包装销售)”以及画线词上文“Furthermore,publiclocationsmustprovidewaterrefillstationsto”可知，公共场所必须提供补水站，是为了抑制使用一次性水瓶。故画线词意思是“抑制”。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Noteveryoneishappywiththechange.FrançoisRoch,presidentoftheFrenchfruitsellers’federation,toldReuters,“Sellinglooseproduceisplicated(复杂的)asmanycustomerstouchthefruitandpeopledonotwanttheirfruittobetouchedbyothercustomers.”(并非所有人都对这种变化感到满意。法国水果销售者联合会主席弗朗索瓦·罗克告诉路透社：“销售散装水果很复杂，因为很多顾客会触摸水果，而人们又不希望自己的水果被其他顾客触摸。”)”可知，FrançoisRoch对新法律不满意。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ThebanwilllikelyrequireachangeinhabitsShopperswillprobablyhavetotaketheirownreusablebagstofillandweigh.(这项禁令可能会要求人们改变习惯，购物者可能不得不自己带可重复使用的袋子来装东西并称重)”可知，禁令可能产生的结果是顾客购物习惯的改变。故选B。DAmongthousandsofemperorpenguinsinAtkaBay,ayellowrobotnamedECHOquicklymovesovertheAntarcticenvironmentandpatientlyobservesthebirds.Theautonomous,remotecontrolledrobotisaboutthreefeetlongandstandsateyelevelwiththeadultpenguins.ItmonitorsSouthernOceanecosystemsinrealtime,yearroundwithsmallimpactonwildlife.ECHOwasdesignedbytheMarineAnimalRemoteSensingLabatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutioninMassachusetts.Scientistshopetousetherobotaspartofa30yearprojectlookingattheimpactofclimatechangeontheregion.Sinceemperorpenguinsareamongthetoppredators(捕食性动物)intheregion,studyingtheirpopulationscanshowthehealthoftheAntarcticenvironment.Scientistsmustphysicallycatchpenguinsandputchipsontheirhackstotrackthem.Buttogatherdataonthechips,scientistshavetogetcloseenoughtothedevicestoscan(扫描)them,andsometimes,penguinsarehardtolocate,ortheweathermaybetooterribleforhumanstogooutinthefield.ECHOremovestheseissuesbyactingasamobileobservatorythatcanmonitorthousandsofpenguinseachyear.Therobotcaneasilyapproachthepenguinsandscanthechipswithoutintroducingaharmfulhumanfootprintoraffectingthebirds.TherobotisequippedwithLIDAR,orlightdetectionandranging,anda360degreecamerathatcanmonitorpenguinsonlargeareasandusesanantenna(天线)toreadeachpenguin’schip.WhileECHOhasonlybeentestedforayear,researcherssaythepenguinsdonotseemtobeafraidofitanddon’tminditwhenitesnear.Whenpenguinsgatherinlargegroupsduringthewintertime,ECHOcanstealinandscanpenguinsastheybravetheelements.Bytrackingtheirbehaviorsovertime,researcherscanobservehowpenguinsadaptandfollowwheretheygotosearchforfood.Inturn,thesedatapointscanalsodeterminethetruesizeofprotectedareasofthesea.12.Whydoresearchersmonitorthepenguins?A.Tofurtherunderstandthefoodchain.B.Toprotectthebirdsfrombeinghunted.C.Tofindouthowthebirdssurvivewinters.D.TolearnabouttheAntarcticenvironment.13.Howdoresearchersgettheinformationaboutthepenguins?A.Bykeepingafewofthem. B.Byvisitingthemofteninperson.C.Byattachingchipstothem. D.Byreferringtopreviousfindings.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesoftherobot. B.Thechallengesoftheproject.C.Thepopulationofthepenguins. D.Theenvironmentoftheregion.15.WhatcanweinferaboutECHOfromthelastparagraph?A.Itwillbejoinedbymorerobots. B.Itsworkisgoingonsmoothly.C.Itwillbebroughtbackbeforelong. D.Itsequipmentrequiresupdating.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种叫做ECHO的机器人，它可以监控企鹅，从而检测南极的气候变化。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“AmongthousandsofemperorpenguinsinAtkaBay,ayellowrobotnamedECHOquicklymovesovertheAntarcticenvironmentandpatientlyobservesthebirds.Theautonomous,remotecontrolledrobotisaboutthreefeetlongandstandsateyelevelwiththeadultpenguins.ItmonitorsSouthernOceanecosystemsinrealtime,yearroundwithsmallimpactonwildlife.(在阿特卡湾的数千只帝企鹅中，一个名为ECHO的黄色机器人迅速在南极环境中移动，并耐心地观察这些鸟类。这个自主遥控机器人大约有三英尺长，与成年企鹅站在同一高度。它全年实时监测南大洋的生态系统，对野生动物的影响很小)”可知，研究人员监测企鹅以了解南极的环境。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientistsmustphysicallycatchpenguinsandputchipsontheirhackstotrackthem.(科学家必须亲自捕捉企鹅，并在它们的黑客身上加上芯片来追踪它们)”可知，研究人员通过在企鹅身上贴上芯片来获取有关企鹅的信息。故选C。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“ECHOremovestheseissuesbyactingasamobileobservatorythatcanmonitorthousandsofpenguinseachyear.Therobotcaneasilyapproachthepenguinsandscanthechipswithoutintroducingaharmfulhumanfootprintoraffectingthebirds.TherobotisequippedwithLIDAR,orlightdetectionandranging,anda360degreecamerathatcanmonitorpenguinsonlargeareasandusesanantenna(天线)toreadeachpenguin’schip.(ECHO通过充当一个移动天文台来消除这些问题，每年可以监测数千只企鹅。该机器人可以很容易地接近企鹅并扫描芯片，而不会引入有害的人类足迹或影响鸟类。该机器人配备了激光雷达或光探测和测距，以及一个360度摄像头，可以大面积监测企鹅，并使用天线读取每只企鹅的芯片)”可知，本段主要介绍ECHO机器人的好处。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“WhileECHOhasonlybeentestedforayear,researcherssaythepenguinsdonotseemtobeafraidofitanddon’tminditwhenitesnear.Whenpenguinsgatherinlargegroupsduringthewintertime,ECHOcanstealinandscanpenguinsastheybravetheelements.(虽然ECHO只进行了一年的测试，但研究人员表示，企鹅似乎并不害怕它，也不介意它靠近它。当企鹅在冬季成群结队地聚集时，ECHO可以在企鹅勇敢面对大自然时偷偷进入并扫描它们)”可推知，ECHO的工作进展顺利。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theholidaytipcanbeawaytosaythankyoutothepeoplewhodon’thearitmuchfromyouthroughouttheyear.____16____Thisisespeciallytrueforpeoplewhoaren’talreadyinthehabitofdoingso.About30percentofpeoplearenotplanningtotipfortheholidays,accordingtoasurveybyCare.awebsitethatpairsfamilieswithcaregivers.Ofthosewhoaregiving,only41percentofpeoplesaidtheybudgetedforit.About30percentaretippingcashonly.____17____Thelistofwhomtotipwillbedifferentdependingonwhereyouliveandwhatyourrelationshipiswiththeserviceprovider.____18____givepriority(优先)tothepeoplewhotrulymakeyourdailylifeeasier,saysLizziePost,authorandspokeswomanfortheEmilyPostInstitute.“Youwanttothinkaboutwhoitisthathasreallybeeninyourlife,”shesays.Thinkabouttippingyourbabysitter,especiallyifsheisalwaysavailablewhenthingseupatthelastminute,Postsays.____19____Peopleinbigcitiesmightwanttothanktheirapartmentbuildingmanagerwhoholdspackagesforthematthefrontdesk.Forsomeonewithahouseinthesuburbs,itmaybemoreimportanttotipthegarbagemanorthegardener.____20____.Forthepeopleyoualreadytipregularly,itmaymakemoresensetogivethemasmallgiftinstead.Don’tgointodebt(债务)ifyoudon’thavethecashtotipeveryoneonyourlist.Smallgesturessuchasahomemadegift,abakedgoodorahandwrittennotecanstillmakeadifference.A.Ifyoucan’ttipeveryoneB.AfteryouhavefinishedthelistC.And60percentaregivingcashandgiftsD.TheamountyoutipchangesfrompersontopersonE.Butdon’tfeelthepressuretotipeveryonethesamewayF.ButfiguringoutwhomtotipandhowmuchtogivecanbestressfulG.Forsomepetowners,nowmaybeagoodtimetothanktheirdogwalker【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.G20.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了如何给假期小费。【16题详解】根据空后“Thisisespeciallytrueforpeoplewhoaren’talreadyinthehabitofdoingso.(这对那些还没有这样做的习惯的人来说尤其如此。)”可知，空后的this是指代F项“但是给谁小费以及给多少小费都是会给人带来压力的”中的“给谁小费以及给多少小费”这件事，故选F项。【17题详解】根据空前“Ofthosewhoaregiving,only41percentofpeoplesaidtheybudgetedforit.About30percentaretippingcashonly.(在那些给小费的人中，41%的人表示他们为此做出了预算。大约30%的人只给现金。)”可知，C项“60%的人给现金和礼物”是前文的顺义承接，一部分人只给小费，另一部分人既给现金，也给礼物，故选C项。【18题详解】根据空后“givepriority(优先)tothepeoplewhotrulymakeyourdailylifeeasier,saysLizziePost,authorandspokeswomanfortheEmilyPostInstitute.(EmilyPostInstitute的发言者和作者说道，优先考虑哪些真正让你的日常生活更轻松的人。)”可知，空后提出建议优先把小费给那些真正让你日常生活更轻松的人，故A项“如果你不能给每个人小费”符合，如果你不能给每个人小费的话，那么就优先给那些让你日常生活更轻松的人，故选A项。【19题详解】根据空前“Thinkabouttippingyourbabysitter,especiallyifsheisalwaysavailablewhenthingseupatthelastminute,Postsays.(Post说道，考虑一下给保姆小费，尤其是当事情发生在最后一分钟的时候，她总是有空的时候。)”和空后“Peopleinbigcitiesmightwanttothanktheirapartmentbuildingmanagerwhoholdspackagesforthematthefrontdesk.(大城市的人可能要感谢他们的公寓楼经理，他们在前台为他们拿包裹。)”可知，空前和空后给出了建议，建议小费应该给谁，故G项“对于养宠物的人，现在就是感谢帮他遛狗的人的好机会”符合，故选G项。【20题详解】根据空后“Forthepeopleyoualreadytipregularly,itmaymakemoresensetogivethemasmallgiftinstead.Don’tgointodebt(债务)ifyoudon’thavethecashtotipeveryoneonyourlist.Smallgesturessuchasahomemadegift,abakedgoodorahandwrittennotecanstillmakeadifference.(对于那些你已经经常给小费的人，给他们礼物可能会更有意义。如果你不能给清单上的每个人小费，也千万不要欠债。一些小动作，比如说自制的礼物、一份烘焙的食物或一张手写的边条，仍然可以发挥作用。)”可知，空后提出了感谢别人的其他方式，来代替小费，故E项“但是不要感到压力，给每个人的小费都一样”符合，可以不用给每个人小费，可以用其他的方式代替小费，故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Christine,anexperiencedskydiver,wasabouttopleteher112thjumpinJohannesburg.Christinedecidedthatshewould____21____asittingpositionjumpforthefirsttime.Jumpingofftheplanefrom3,353meters,shestayedinthat____22____untilabout1,828meters,whensheflattenedherbodyand____23____herparachute(降落伞)asshehaddonemanytimesbefore.Unlikethe____24____111jumps,however,thistime,somethingfeltdifferent,andChristinesoonrealizedthatsomethinghadgone____25____.Thefirstthingshenoticedwasthatshehadnotsloweddown,____26____shealsocouldn’tseethefamiliarlifesavingcanopy(伞盖)aboveherhead.Christinerealizedhermainparachutehadnotopened,soshe____27____changedtoherreserve(备用)chutebeforecuttingawaythemain.Butthiseffortsentherturningaroundwildlyoutof____28____.Asshewasfallingtowardthe____29____,Christinethoughtaboutherfamilyandupingweddingbeforerealizingshewas_____30_____straightintolivepowerlines.Thisseemedtobeterribleluckatthetimebutprobablysavedherlifeastheybrokeherfallbeforeshe_____31_____intotheearth,sufferingabrokenpelvis(骨盆)andotherinjuries.Fortunately,shewas_____32_____duringherfallingbyapasserbywhostoppedhistruckto_____33_____anambulanceandhelpthestrickenwoman.Christineeventuallymadeafull_____34_____,althoughshedidaskherwouldbehusbandtochangetheirupinghoneymoon_____35_____fromtheiradventurousideasofskydivingandcagedivingwithgreatwhitesharkstosomethinglessdangerous.21.A.create B.find C.try D.show22.A.situation B.position C.direction D.movement23.A.spread B.fixed C.lifted D.tied24.A.traditional B.easy C.skillful D.previous25.A.crazy B.‘wrong C.unnoticed D.unfinished26.A.but B.while C.because D.and27.A.quickly B.suddenly C.actually D.finally28.A.danger B.control C.sight D.order29.A.destination B.targets C.lines D.ground30.A.running B.breaking C.heading D.climbing31.A.crashed B.burned C.dug D.got32.A.watched B.followed C.spotted D.caught33.A.call B.stop C.drive D.board34.A.preparation B.victory C.mistake D.recovery35.A.tasks B.plans C.dreams D.imaginations【答案】21C22.A23.C24.D25.B26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了即将结婚的Christine在跳伞时遭遇意外，导致她直接坠落地面。幸运的是，在坠落过程中，她被电线挡了一下。落地后，一位好心的路人叫来救护车，救下了她。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Christine决定第一次尝试坐着跳。A.create创作；B.find找到；C.try尝试；D.show展示。根据上文“Christine,anexperiencedskydiver,wasabouttopleteher112thjumpinJohannesburg.”可知，Christine是个经验丰富的跳伞员，再根据空后“asittingpositionjumpforthefirsttime.”可推断，她是想尝试第一次坐着跳伞。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从3353米的高空跳下飞机，保持那个状态直到1828米，她才像以前多次做过的那样，把身体压平，举起降落伞。A.situation状态；B.position位置；C.direction方向；D.movement移动。根据下文“whensheflattenedherbodyand____3____herparachute(降落伞)asshehaddonemanytimesbefore.”可知，她直到降落到1828米才会改变姿势，所以空处指的是她会保持这个状态。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她从3353米的高空跳下飞机，保持那个状态直到1828米，她才像以前多次做过的那样，把身体压平，举起降落伞。A.spread蔓延；B.fixed修理；C.lifted举起；D.tied系。根据下文“shealsocouldn’tseethefamiliarlifesavingcanopy(伞盖)aboveherhead.”可知，降落伞应该出现在她上方，所以空处指的是举起降落伞。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，与之前的111次跳伞不同，这一次感觉有些不同，Christine很快意识到出问题了。A.traditional传统的；B.easy轻易的；C.skillful熟练的；D.previous先前的。根据上文“Christine,anexperiencedskydiver,wasabouttopleteher112thjumpinJohannesburg.”可知，她是准备进行第112次跳伞，因此，本次跳伞是和之前的111次不一样。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，与之前的111次跳跃不同，这一次感觉有些不同，Christine很快意识到出问题了。A.crazy疯狂的；B.wrong错误的；C.unnoticed未被注意的；D.unfinished未完成的。根据下文“Thefirstthingshenoticedwasthatshehadnotsloweddown,____6____shealsocouldn’tseethefamiliarlifesavingcanopy(伞盖)aboveherhead.”可知，这次跳伞，Christine出现了事故，所以此刻她是发觉事情不对了，出了问题。考查短语：gowrong，意为“出问题、走错路”。故选B。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：她注意到的第一件事是她并没有放慢速度，而且她也看不见头顶上熟悉的救生伞。A.but但是；B.while当……时；C.because因为；D.and而且。空前“shehadnotsloweddown”和空后“shealsocouldn’tseethefamiliarlifesavingcanopy(伞盖)aboveherhead”之间为并列关系，用and。故选D。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Christine意识到她的主降落伞没有打开，所以在切断主降落伞之前，她迅速换到了备用降落伞。A.quickly迅速地；B.suddenly突然；C.actually事实上；D.finally最终。根据常理推测，当发现主降落伞无法打开后，跳伞员应该是迅速换到了备用降落伞。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这一努力使她疯狂地转过身来，失去了控制。A.danger危险；B.control控制；C.sight视线；D.order命令。根据上文“Butthiseffortsentherturningaroundwildly”可知，由于Christine在空中的这番操作，是她完全失去了控制。固定短语outofcontrol，意为“失去控制”。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Christine向地面坠落时，她想到了她的家人和即将到来的婚礼，然后才意识到她正径直撞向带电的电线。A.destination目的地；B.targets目标；C.lines行；D.ground地面。根据上文可知，Christine发生事故时，正在跳伞，她的降落伞无法打开。由此可以判断，由于她失去了控制，所以她是向地面坠落。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Christine向地面坠落时，她想到了她的家人和即将到来的婚礼，然后才意识到她正径直撞向带电的电线。A.running跑；B.breaking打破；C.heading朝(某方向)行进；D.climbing爬。根据下文“Thisseemedtobeterribleluckatthetimebutprobablysavedherlifeastheybrokeherfallbeforeshe____11____intotheearth,sufferingabrokenpelvis(骨盆)andotherinjuries.”可知，Christine在坠落时，撞向了电线。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这在当时看来似乎是可怕的运气，但可能救了她的命，因为它们在她摔向地面之前阻止了她的坠落，最终她的骨盆骨折，并受到了其他伤害。A.crashed猛撞；B.burned燃烧；C.dug挖掘；D.got得到。根据上文“Asshewasfallingtowardthe____9____,Christinethoughtaboutherfamilyandupingweddingbeforerealizingshewas____10____straightintolivepowerlines.”可知，Christine坠向地面，撞到了电线，然后才摔在地面之上。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在她坠落的过程中，一位路人发现了她，他停下卡车，叫了救护车来帮助这位受伤的女人。A.watched观看；B.followed追随；C.spotted发现；D.caught抓到。根据下文“duringherfallingbyapasserbywhostoppedhistruckto____13____anambulanceandhelpthestrickenwoman.”可知，她在坠落时被一个路人发现了。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在她摔倒的过程中，一位路人发现了她，他停下卡车，叫了救护车来帮助这位受伤的女人。A.call呼叫；B.stop停止；C.drive驾驶；D.board登上。根据空后的宾语“anambulance”可知，这位路人是呼叫了救护车才救下了Christine。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Christine最终完全康复了，而她确实要求她的准丈夫改变他们即将到来的蜜月计划，从跳伞和与大白鲨在笼子里潜水的冒险想法改成不那么危险的事情。A.preparation准备；B.victory胜利；C.mistake错误；D.recovery恢复。根据上文可知，Christine被好心的路上送往了医院，再根据下文的“theirupinghoneymoon”可知，她即将结婚度蜜月，由此判断，Christine获得了康复。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Christine最终完全康复了，而她确实要求她的准丈夫改变他们即将到来的蜜月计划，从跳伞和与大白鲨在笼子里潜水的冒险想法改成不那么危险的事情。A.tasks任务；B.plans计划；C.dreams梦想；D.imaginations想象。根据下文“fromtheiradventurousideasofskydivingandcagedivingwithgreatwhitesharkstosomethinglessdangerous.”可知，这些都是他们俩的蜜月计划。